Pathological prenatal Doppler sonography findings and their association with neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities in a high risk collective.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether prenatal Doppler ultrasound plays a role in the risk assessment of neonatal abnormal cranial ultrasound findings (NACU). Doppler examinations of blood flow velocities in the umbilical artery (n = 132), the fetal middle cerebral artery (n = 96) and the ductus venosus (n = 46) were conducted in 132 consecutive high-risk cases. The cases were divided into three groups: normal (I), pathological (II) and highly pathological Doppler (III) results, according to the resistance index calculated and were assessed for any association between the Doppler groups and the short-term outcome of the neonate, especially NACU. A significant association was found between Doppler groups and gestational age at delivery, birth weight, length and head circumference, growth restriction, cesarean section rate, Apgar score and pH values. NACU was diagnosed significantly more often in the pathological (12.1%) and highly pathological (38.5%) Doppler groups than in the group with normal Doppler (1.7%; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the Doppler groups (odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14-2.84, p < 0.001) and gestational age at delivery (odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.08-2.74; p < 0.001) were independent variables that could be used to predict NACU. The present study showed that a pathological prenatal Doppler result is highly predictive for NACU in addition to gestational age and can therefore be used for risk assessment.

Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis, follow-up, and outcome of congenital varicella syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To report on a case of fetal varicella infection following the diagnosis of maternal infection at 16 weeks of gestation. METHODS: Diagnosis was based on serology testing and prenatal ultrasound, confirmed by DNA detection in amniotic fluid (Lightcycler-PCR). Serial ultrasound examinations were performed. RESULTS: Sonographic anomalies included borderline ventriculomegaly, intracerebral, intrahepatic and myocardial calcifications, limb deformities, articular effusions, and intrauterine growth retardation (confirmed postpartally). The newborn showed a severe encephalopathy and could not be stabilized sufficiently. The child died 23 days after birth. CONCLUSION: The outcome of an affected fetus may be very serious and prenatal ultrasound is a helpful tool to recognize the severity of the infection.

Cystic colon duplication as differential diagnosis to ovarian cyst.

OBJECTIVE: We report the case of a female fetus with a single spherical anechoic cyst on the right side of the lower abdomen first diagnosed at 22 weeks of pregnancy. METHODS: Serial ultrasound monitoring and needle aspiration of the cyst were performed. RESULTS: The cyst grew during pregnancy up to 8 cm diameter. Needle aspiration was performed at 33 and 36 weeks. At 38 weeks labor was induced and a girl was delivered spontaneously. Postnatally the child showed abdominal distention, vomiting, and an obstruction of venous return of the right leg. To improve venous circulation, another needle aspiration of the cyst was performed. Laparoscopy revealed cystic colon duplication. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal differentiation of a single round anechoic cyst in the pelvis of a female fetus can be difficult. As a rare abnormality cystic colon duplication has to be considered.

Hemodynamic changes with phenotype reversal during pregnancy in twin-twin transfusion syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: We report an atypical case of twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) in monochorionic-diamniotic twins with arterio-arterial anastomoses in which the former donor became the recipient during pregnancy. METHODS: Serial sonographic monitoring was performed. RESULTS: There was a phenotype reversal in TTTS concerning growth and amniotic fluid ending at 27 weeks, with the dominance of the former smaller donor. Doppler sonography changed from absent enddiastolic flow of the donor to normal values in both twins. The new recipient showed transient ascites, the now smaller actual donor (former recipient) developed progressive cardiomegaly, hypertrophy of the myocardium and mitral and tricuspid insufficiency at 29 weeks. Doppler sonography in the new donor deteriorated to highly pathologic flow in the venous system, leading to cesarean section. The donor fetus died 12 h after delivery because of myocardial decompensation. The recipient did very well and was discharged 8 weeks later from the neonatology unit. CONCLUSION: This atypical course shows the importance of serial sonographic monitoring in pregnancies with TTTS.

Does 3-D sonography bring any advantage to noninvasive breast diagnostics?

The aim of this prospective trial was to evaluate if 3-D ultrasound (US) brings any advantage to breast diagnostics. A total of 65 women with breast lesions (42 malignant, 23 benign) were examined preoperatively with 2-D and 3-D US. The impact of the use of the 3-D coronal plane for the visualization of the infiltrative zone in comparison to 2-D US was evaluated. Additionally, 3-D surface imaging and volumetry were performed. The coronal plane was of benefit when the infiltrative zone was unclear (6 of 8 cases) or not visible (17 of 39 cases; 43.6%) using 2-D imaging. The surface mode was advantageous for imaging complex structures (e.g., a multinodular fibroadenoma). Volumetry yielded a highly significant correlation between 2-D and 3-D US. 3-D US of breast lesions as adjunct to 2-D sonography can offer a better assessment of the infiltrative zone. Moreover, it enables accurate documentation of data.