The effect of budesonide on orthodontic induced root resorption.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hypothesis that budesonide increases the susceptibility of teeth to root resorption during the course of orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled trial design (animal study) was employed. Budesonide was administered in test group for 14 days during which orthodontic force was applied to upper right molar. Afterwards, root resorption was measured on mesio-cervical and disto-apical parts of the mesial root on transverse histological sections. ANOVA and Bonfferoni tests were used. Statistical significance was considered to be P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: In general, the subgroups in which the force was applied showed significantly greater root resorption. Where force was applied there was no significant difference, whether budesonide was administered or not. While where there was no force, a group who received budesonide showed significantly greater root resorption than the other, unless at the coronal level where the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it seems budesonide could increase root resorption, but in the presence of orthodontic force this effect is negligible.

The effect of ovalbumin on orthodontic induced root resorption.

BACKGROUND: This randomized trial was undertaken to investigate the effect of experimentally induced allergy on orthodontic induced root resorption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 Wistar rats were divided randomly into test and control groups. Starting from the first 3 days, the rats in the test group were injected intra-peritoneally by 2 mg ovalbumin as allergen and 0.5 mg Alume as adjuvant. Afterward only allergen was injected once a week. The control group was injected by normal saline. After 21 days, Wistar immunoglobulin E was measured and peripheral matured eosinophil was counted. A total of 50 g nickel-titanium closed coil spring was ligated between right incisor and first molar. All animals were sacrificed after 14 days. The mesial root of the right and left first molar was dissected in a horizontal plane. The specimens were divided into four groups considering whether force and/or ovalbumin was applied or not. Root resorption was measured and compared among these groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Bonferoni tests were used to analyze the data. The level of significance was determined at 0.05. RESULTS: In general, the differences were insignificant (P < 0.05). As the only exception, the group in which both ovalbumin and force were applied had significantly more root resorption than the group in which neither force nor ovalbumin was applied (P > 0.001). CONCLUSION: Allergy may increase the susceptibility to root resorption. Application of light force, periodical monitoring of root resorption and control of allergy are advisable.

A modified uprighting spring for use in edgewise system.

One of the most powerful mechanics for 2nd order correction is uprighting spring. Unfortunately, the vertical tube for inserting the uprighting spring is not included in the majority of commercially available edgewise bracket systems. This article presents a simple method for inserting the uprighting spring in the horizontal slot of the bracket.

The effect of mandibular tongue cribs on dentoskeletal changes in patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusions.

AIM: To investigate the effect of a modified tongue crib appliance in Class II Division 1 patients with anterior tongue thrust and mandibular deficiency. METHODS: Twenty-three patients (14 females, 9 males) with a mean age of 10.09 ± 1.02 years, a moderate Class II Division 1 occlusion due to a mandibular deficiency, and a mean overbite of -1.1 ± 0.8 mm were treated with a mandibular tongue crib device. Pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were obtained and traced, and various angular and linear variables were measured. These measurements were compared using the paired t test. RESULTS: The statistical assessment indicated that SNB, facial angle, B-VL, Pog-VL, and interincisal angle increased significantly. IMPA, 1-SN, ANB, and Wits appraisal were significantly decreased (P<.05). The changes of Jarabak Index, SN-MP, SNA, and Y-axis were not significant. In addition, the overjet was reduced. CONCLUSION: During the mixed dentition phase, a tongue crib appliance in the mandible is helpful to impede tongue thrust and stimulate mandibular growth.