Adaptación y Validación de la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia social (SDO) en una Muestra Chilena / Adaptation and validation of the orientation scale to social dominance in a sample from Chile

Presentamos una adaptación de la escala de Dominancia Social de la que se estudian sus propiedades psicométricas en una muestra chilena. Adicionalmente, se relaciona con otras medidas y variables psicosociales relevantes (autoritarismo, nacionalismo, patriotismo, etc.), toda vez que se busca dar cuenta del fenómeno de invarianza de género y establecer si la escala se comporta siguiendo un patrón unifactorial o multifactorial . La muestra quedó conformada por 304 participantes y los resultados indican que se trataría de un instrumento fiable y válido para detectar la variable dominancia, en nuestro entorno social. Los resultados muestran mayor compatibilidad con la estructura de dos factores que con la original de carácter unifactorial y la se ratifica la hipótesis de invarianza de género.

We present an adaptation of Social Dominance Scale in order to study its psychometric properties in a Chilean sample, and to relate it to other relevant measures and psychosocial variables (authoritarianism, nationalism, patriotism, etc.). Its goal is to explain the phenomenon of gender invariance and to see if the scale behaves according to a standard univariate or multivariate structure . The sample was made up of 304 participants and theresults indicate that it would be a valid and reliable instrument for detecting the dominance in our social environment. The results show greater compatibility with the structure of two factors than with the original univariate model, and confirm the assumption of gender invariance.

Proyecto de catarata en Chile: análisis del éxito de una estrategia de salud publica, un logro de la oftalmología nacional / Cataract project in Chile: analysis of a successful public health strategie

Existe un envejecimiento progresivo de la población en Chile que demandara una mayor atención oftalmológica. La Sociedad Chilena de Oftalmología desarrollo un programa de salud visual que sirvió de base a los protocolos desarrollados en el contexto de reforma de salud. La reforma de salud incluyó el manejo quirúrgico de una catarata que permite implementar centros, proveer de insumos y junto al esfuerzo de sus oftalmólogos aumentó la tasa de cirugía de catarata a 3.320, en beneficiarios del sistema público. Todo un logro a nivel latinoamericano y un ejemplo donde la voluntad política se transforma en beneficio a la comunidad.

Chile exhibits a progressively aging population, who will demand more opthalmologic attention. Chilean Society of Opthalmology developed a visual health program, who served as a base for protocols developed in the context of health reform. This reform included surgical management of cataracts, allowing implementation of centers, consumables supplyies, and besides the effort of its opthalmologists the surgery rate increased to 3320 among beneficiaries of the public system. It is a great achievement at latinoamerican level, and an example were the politic will becomes in benefit to the community.

[Markers of thrombophilia in patients with retinal vein thrombosis]. / Determinación de factores trombofílicos en pacientes con trombosis venosas retinianas.

BACKGROUND: Thrombophilia is an alteration of hemostasis that increases the risk to venous or arterial thrombosis. This condition may be the underlying cause of retinal vein thrombosis. AIM: To study the presence of thrombophilia in patients with retinal vein thrombosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective study of 55 patients aged 22 to 86 years, with retinal vein thrombosis (central or branch). Antithrombin III, coagulant protein C, functional protein S, resistance to activated C protein, homocysteine, prothrombin G20210A gene, lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies were measured in all. RESULTS: Seventeen patients had thrombophilic markers (antiphospholipid syndrome in seven, hyperhomocysteinemia in six and resistance to protein C in three). Of these 17 patients, 53% had high blood pressure, 35% an abnormal serum lipid profile and 23% a personal history of thrombosis. The thrombosis was central in 12 (ischemic in four) and of a branch in five (ischemic in two). CONCLUSIONS: Thrombophilic markers must be assessed in patients with retinal vein thrombosis.

[Periodontal health status in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, from 18 to 30 years-old, from Santiago de Chile]. / Estado de salud periodontal en diabéticos tipo 1, de 18 a 30 años de edad, de Santiago de Chile.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, is higher in diabetic patients and can have severe functional and esthetic consequences early in their lives. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of periodontal disease in type 1 diabetics, aged between 18 and 30 years old, living in Santiago de Chile. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred male and female type 1 diabetics were examined. Glycated hemoglobin A1c, microalbuminuria, and fundoscopy were assessed in a sample of 52 subjects, separated in two groups according to the presence of periodontal disease. RESULTS: The prevalence of gingivitis was 22%, periodontitis 41%. Only 37% of subjects were free of periodontal disease. When compared with patients without periodontal disease, in the group of patients with the disease there was a higher proportion of subjects with diabetes lasting more than 10 years (28 and 55% respectively) and a higher proportion of patients with chronic complications of diabetes (42 and 58% respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of periodontal diseases was observed in this sample of diabetic patients. A long history of diabetes and the presence of chronic complications were risk factors for these diseases in the analyzed sample.

Seudoquiste de páncreas / Pseudocyst of the pancreas

Se revisa los pacientes atendidos con diagnóstico de seudoquiste de páncreas entre los años 1975 y 1987. Se trata de 30 casos con diagnóstico comprobado por imágenes o por cirugía de los cuales 24 fueron operados. Se realizó derivación interna en 19 casos, sin mortalidad y drenaje externo en 5 casos, con tres fallecidos. Hubo 3 recurrencias en el control alejado, todas en enfermos sometidos a derivación a yeyuno. Se menciona la utilidad actual del ultrasonido para el diagnóstico y eventual tratamiento de la lesión.