[Development of a high content protein beverage from Chilean mesquite, lupine and quinoa for the diet of pre-schoolers]. / Desarrollo de una bebida de alto contenido proteico a partir de algarrobo, lupino y quinoa para la dieta de preescolares.

This research was aimed at developing a high content protein beverage from the mixture of liquid extracts of a pseudocereal, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and two legumes: mesquite (Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stunz) and lupine (Lupinus albus L.), native from the Andean highlands of the Chilean northern macro-zone, flavored with raspberry pulp, to help in the feeding of children between 2 and 5 years of lower socioeconomic status with nutritional deficiencies. The formulation was defined by linear programming, its composition was determined by proximate analysis and physical, microbiological and sensory acceptance tests were performed. After 90 days of storage time, the beverage got a protein content of 1.36%, being tryptophan the limiting amino acid; for its part, the chromaticity coordinates of CIEL*a*b* color space showed no statistical significant differences (p < 0.05) maintaining the "dark pink" tonality, the viscosity and the sensory evaluation were acceptable for drinking.

Desarrollo de una bebida de alto contenido proteico a partir de algarrobo, lupino y quinoa para la dieta de preescolares / Development of a high content protein beverage from chilean mesquite, lupine and quinoa for the diet of pre-schoolers

En la presente investigación se desarrolló una bebida de alto contenido proteico a partir de la mezcla de los extractos líquidos de un pseudocereal, quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) y de dos plantas leguminosas: algarrobo (Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stunz) y lupino (Lupinusalbus L.), provenientes del altiplano andino de la macro zona norte de Chile, saborizándose con pulpa de frambuesa, para contribuir en la alimentación de niños entre 2y 5 años de estrato socio-económico bajo con deficiencias nutricionales. La formulación se definió por Programación Lineal, se determinó su composición por análisis proximal y se realizaron pruebas físicas, microbiológicas y de aceptación sensorial. Al concluir los 90 días de almacenamiento la bebida obtuvo un contenido de proteínas de1,36%, siendo el triptófano el aminoácido limitante; por su parte, las coordenadas de cromaticidad del espacio de color CIEL*a*b* no presentaron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) manteniéndose la tonalidad de "rosado oscuro", la viscosidad y la evaluación sensorial resultaron aceptables (AU)

This research was aimed at developing a high content protein beverage from the mixture of liquid extracts of apseudocereal, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) andtwo legumes: mesquite (Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stunz) and lupine (Lupinus albus L.), native from the Andeanhighlands of the Chilean northern macro-zone, flavored with raspberry pulp, to help in the feeding of children between 2 and 5 years of lower socioeconomic status with nutritional deficiencies. The formulation was defined by linear programming, its composition was determined by proximate analysis and physical, microbiological and sensory acceptance tests were performed. After 90 days of storage time, the beverage got a protein content of 1.36%,being tryptophan the limiting amino acid; for its part, the chromaticity coordinates of CIEL*a*b* color space showed no statistical significant differences (p < 0.05)maintaining the "dark pink" tonality, the viscosity and the sensory evaluation were acceptable for drinking (AU)

[Product development on the basis of cereal and leguminous flours to coeliac disease in children aged 6-24 months; II: properties of the mixtures]. / Desarrollo de producto sobre la base de harinas de cereales y leguminosa para niños celíacos entre 6 y 24 meses; II: propiedades de las mezclas.

The nutritional formulations of high protein content, provided by a flour mixture from two Andean cultures, quinua (Chenopodium quinua Willd) and lupino (Lupinus albus L), with two traditional cereals, maize (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.), entailed to the preparation of a "sweet mixture" for the elaboration of "queques" and another "dessert mixture" flavoured with banana, that can be prepared with water or milk, constituted a good alternative as food supplement for the nutrition of children aged 6-24 months who suffer from celiac disease, since they contribute to the quality improvement of the protein, by essential amino acids compensation, they are of low cost and allow an increase in availability of products for gluten-intolerant children. Some physical, chemical, rheological, mechanical and fluidity properties, as well as the color of these mixtures for a period of conservation of 90 days were evaluated. At the end of the storage, the sweet mixture turned out to be of "little flow" and the dessert mixture changed from "little flow" to "easy flow". Viscosity for the dessert mixture, with its two types of dilutions, water and milk, presented a behavior of pseudoplastic fluid. It was possible to guess that the time of shelf life of the mixtures would be of 9 months before achieving the rancidity limit (10 mEq of oxigen/kg of fat, which would disqualify the product for consumption). The CIEL*a*b* color coordinates did not show significant differences keeping the colour in "a beige" tonality.

[Product development on the basis of cereal and leguminous flours to coeliac disease in children between 6-24 months; I: formulation and acceptability]. / Desarrollo de producto sobre la base de harinas de cereales y leguminosa para niños celíacos entre 6 y 24 meses; I: formulación y aceptabilidad.

The revaluation of the Andean cultivations, quinua (Chenopodium quinua Willd) and lupin (Lupinus albus L.), to be used in nutritional mixtures, with traditional cereals like corn (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.), originate mixtures without gluten which constitute a good alternative for the nutrition of children under 24 months that suffer from celiac disease, since they improve the quality of the protein, by essential amino acids compensation, and also impacts in the product's diversification strategy. In the present work, the percentage composition of each flour in the mixture was determined by means of Linear Programming by means of the Solver form from the Excel spreadsheet. Prolamines were determined in the quinua and lupin flours by the ELISA test and the HPLC technique was used in both products obtained called "sweet mix" and "dessert mix", to define the quantity of amino acids with the purpose of providing around the 15% of the proteins required in the day. The flour mixtures selected as optimum, sweet mix, suitable for the preparation of sweet pancakes, as well as for the dessert mix, that by addition of water or milk produce a semi solid dessert, were evaluated after three months of storage, being acceptable their microbiological, bromatological and sensorial requirements, corroborating the results with the good acceptance of the products, prepared from the formulated mixtures, by the children of two Day Care centers of the City of Antofagasta-Chile.

Desarrollo de producto sobre la base de harinas de cereales y leguminosa para niños celíacos entre 6 y 24 meses; I: Formulación y aceptabilidad / Product development on the basis of cereal and leguminous flours to coeliac disease in children between 6-24 months; I: Formulation and acceptability

La revalorización de los cultivos andinos, quinua (Chenopodiumquinua Willd) y lupino (Lupinus albus L), para ser utilizados en mezclas alimenticias, con cereales tradicionales como maíz (Zea mays L.) y arroz (Oryza sativa L.), originan mezclas sin gluten que constituyen una buena alternativa para la alimentación de niños menores de 24 meses que sufren la enfermedad celíaca, ya que mejoran la calidad de la proteína, por compensación de los aminoácidos es enciales,e incide en la diversificación de productos. En el presente trabajo se determinó la composición de los porcentajes de cada harina en la mezcla mediante Programación Lineal empleando la planilla Solver de la hoja de cálculo Excel. Se determinaron las prolaminas en las harinas de quinua y lupino por el método ELISA y se empleó la técnica delHPLC en los dos productos obtenidos, denominados “mezcladulce” y “mezcla postre”, para definir la cantidad de aminoácidos con la finalidad de suplementar alrededor del 15% de las proteínas requeridas en el día. Las mezclas deharina seleccionadas como óptimas, mezcla dulce, apropiada para la preparación de queques, así como para la mezcla postre, que por adición de agua o leche, da origen a un postre, se evaluaron después de tres meses de almacenamiento,siendo aceptables sus requisitos microbiológicos,bromatológicos y sensoriales, corroborándose los resultados,con la buena aceptación de los productos preparados a partir de las mezclas formuladas, por parte de los menores de 2 Jardines Infantiles de la Ciudad de Antofagasta-Chile (AU)

The revaluation of the Andean cultivations, quinua(Chenopodium quinua Willd) and lupin (Lupinus albusL.), to be used in nutritional mixtures, with traditional cereals like corn (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.),originate mixtures without gluten which constitute a good alternative for the nutrition of children under 24 monthsthat suffer from celiac disease, since they improve the quality of the protein, by essential amino acids compensation,and also impacts in the product’s diversification strategy. In the present work, the percentage composition of each flour in the mixture was determined by means of Linear Programming by means of the Solver form from the Excel spreadsheet. Prolamines were determined in the quinua and lupin flours by the ELISA test and theHPLC technique was used in both products obtainedcalled “sweet mix” and “dessert mix”, to define the quantity of amino acids with the purpose of providing aroundthe 15% of the proteins required in the day. The flourmixtures selected as optimum, sweet mix, suitable for thepreparation of sweet pancakes, as well as for the dessertmix, that by addition of water or milk produce a semisolid dessert, were evaluated after three months of storage,being acceptable their microbiological, bromatological and sensorial requirements, corroborating the results with the good acceptance of the products, prepared from the formulated mixtures, by the children of two Day Carecenters of the City of Antofagasta-Chile (AU)

NOD/SCID repopulating cells contribute only to short-term repopulation in the baboon.

We have previously compared the repopulation ability of gene-modified baboon CD34+ cells in an autologous transplantation versus a xenotransplant model in irradiated nonobese diabetic/severe combined immune deficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. Baboon CD34-selected marrow cells were transduced with a gammaretrovirus vector and infused into irradiated baboons and NOD/SCID mice. A limited integration-site analysis could only detect two common retrovirus integration sites in the NOD/SCID and monkey. Here, we performed locus-specific PCR on 30 clones recovered from NOD/SCID beta2-microglobulin mice reconstituted with transduced baboon CD34+ cells. We identified five common integrants in the baboon early after transplant (2-6 weeks) but none during the long-term follow-up (6 and 12 months). These results confirm that repopulating cells in the NOD/SCID mouse contribute only to short-term repopulation in a clinically relevant large animal model.

Satisfacción con el tratamiento con insulina aspart premezclada al 30/70% en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Treatment satisfaction with premixed insulin aspart 30%/70% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

La satisfacción del paciente diabético con el tratamiento es un elemento clave para asegurar el cumplimiento terapéutico debido al carácter crónico de esta enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el grado de satisfacción con el tratamiento con insulina aspart premezclada al 30/70% en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. En este estudio observacional, multicéntrico y prospectivo se incluyeron 1.244 pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) en tratamiento con insulina aspart premezclada al 30/70%, iniciada en los 15 días previos a la entrada en el estudio, que habían sido previamente tratados con otros tipos de insulina o antidiabéticos orales. Para medir el grado de satisfacción con el tratamiento se utilizó el Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire. Se compararon los resultados de este cuestionario en la visita 1, referidos al tratamiento previo, y en la visita 3 tras 26 semanas de tratamiento con insulina premezclada aspart al 30/70%. La satisfacción general con el tratamiento mejoró de forma significativa (p <0,0001) al finalizar el estudio (mediana [rango intercuartílico], 27 [23-30] en la visita 3, frente a 17 [12-22]en la visita 1). Asimismo, la percepción de la hiperglucemia mejoró al final del estudio (2 [1-3] en la visita 3 frente a 4 [3-5] en la visita 1; p <0,0001), sin diferencias significativas en la percepción de las hipoglucemias (2 [1-3] frente a 1 [1-3]). En conclusión, el inicio de un tratamiento con insulina aspart premezclada al 30/70% en pacientes con DM2 se acompaña de una mejoría en la satisfacción general con el tratamiento, así como en la percepción de la hiperglucemia con respecto al tratamiento antidiabético previo

Treatment satisfaction of diabetic subjects is a key point to ensure treatment compliance due to the characteristics of this chronic disease.The aim of this study was to assess treatment satisfaction with premixed insulin aspart 30%/70% in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this observational, multicentre and prospective study 1244 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with remixed insulin aspart 30%/70%, started within the last 15 days prior to study entry and who had been previously treated with other types of insulin or oral antidiabetic drugs, were included. To measure treatment satisfaction the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire was used. Results of this questionnaire in visit 1, referred to previous treatment, and visit 3 after 26 weeks of treatment with premixed insulin aspart 30%/70% were compared. General treatment satisfaction improved significantly (p <0.0001) at the end of the study (median [interquartilic range] 27[23;30] in visit 3 vs. 17 [12;22] in visit 1). Perception of hyperglycaemia (2 [1;3] in visit 3 vs. 4 [3;5] in visit 1) also improved at the end ofthe trial (p <0.0001). No significant differences in perception of hypoglycaemia were found (2 [1;3] vs. 1 [1;3]). In conclusion, the initiation of a treatment with premixed insulin aspart 30%/70% in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with an improvement ingeneral treatment satisfaction as well as perception of hyperglycaemia with respect to prior antidiabetic treatment (AU)

Actualización sobre la determinaciónde marcadores de remodelado óseo / Determination of markers of bone remodeling: an update

Los marcadores bioquímicos de remodelado óseo son sustancias liberadas a la circulación durante la formación y resorción ósea que reflejan la actividad metabólica del hueso en un momento puntual. Pueden ser determinados en sangre y en orina. Se clasifican en marcadores de formación ósea y marcadores de resorción ósea. Su determinación puede ser de utilidad en la investigación clínica y básica de las enfermedades metabólicas del hueso. Aunque algunos de estos marcadores tienen capacidad para predecir el riesgo de fracturas, no permiten cuantificar la masa ósea. En el momento actual, la amplia variabilidad en la sensibilidad y especificidad de los marcadores disponibles cuestiona su utilidad en la práctica clínica (AU)

Genomic structure and alternative splicing of chicken angiopoietin-2.

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) prevents endothelial cell apoptosis and promotes blood vessel stability, while angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), a natural antagonist of Ang-1, disrupts blood vessel structure and induces apoptosis. We have sequenced the chicken angiopoietin-2 gene that spans about 46 kb of DNA and is split in 9 exons by 8 introns. Alternative splicing of the gene gives rise to three different species of Ang-2 mRNAs: Ang-2A, Ang-2B, and Ang-2C. The three mRNA isoforms, also present in humans, codify for proteins with an identical fibrinogen-like C-terminal domain and a different coiled-coil N-terminal domain. Ang-2A and particularly Ang-2C are expressed in immature testis and regressed adult testis undergoing vascular remodeling, while their expression is barely detectable in quiescent adult testis. Conversely, Ang-2B is only detectable in adult testis. The new isoforms with truncated amino-terminal domains may modulate the Tie2 receptor during vascular angiogenesis and regression.

Factors associated with microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

In order to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM) and identify factors associated with microalbuminuria, we studied 312 Type 1 DM patients attending in three hospitals in two Spanish regions over 6 months. Clinical characteristics, micro- and macro-vascular complications, blood pressure, 24-h urine albumin excretion, lipid profile, HbA1(c) levels, smoking habits, and family history of hypertension and diabetic nephropathy were recorded. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to examine associations between these variables and the prevalence of microalbuminuria. We detected microalbuminuria in 29% of the patients. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was high during the second decade of diabetes and declined thereafter. Univariate analysis showed dyslipidaemia (P<0. 002), previously diagnosed hypertension (P<0.001), family history of hypertension (sibling alone P<0.006; mother alone P<0.05), family history of diabetic nephropathy (P<0.001), and laser-treated retinopathy (P<0.03) to be factors associated with the presence of microalbuminuria. Multiple logistic regression revealed an association between microalbuminuria and family history of nephropathy (OR 7.6, 3.6-16). In conclusion, in our sample the frequency of microalbuminuria seems to be related to the presence of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, and to a family history of hypertension or nephropathy.

Novel transcripts of carbonic anhydrase II in mouse and human testis.

Intracellular and extracellular sources of bicarbonate are essential for sperm motility, sperm binding to the zona pellucida and the acrosome reaction. Carbonic anhydrase II, catalysing the synthesis of bicarbonate within spermatozoa, must play a significant role in these mechanisms. We report here the expression of carbonic anhydrase II during mouse spermatogenesis and the primary structure of testicular transcripts coding for carbonic anhydrase II isolated from adult mouse and human testes. The mouse carbonic anhydrase II (Car2) mRNA displays a 5' untranslated region (UTR) larger than the corresponding somatic sequence. The additional 5' sequence contains the 'TATA box' used in somatic tissues and other promoter sequences, suggesting the use of testis-specific promoters further upstream with read-through of downstream promoters. The 3'UTR of the Car2 mRNA is shorter in mature testicular cells than in somatic cells. Polysomal gradient analysis of carbonic anhydrase II transcripts isolated from adult mouse testis and kidney revealed different translation potential: most of the testicular transcripts were present in the non-polysomal fractions, whereas a considerable fraction of kidney transcripts were polysome-associated. These results suggest that specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulate the expression of carbonic anhydrase II during mammalian spermatogenesis.

Methimazole-induced aplastic anemia in third exposure: successful treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

The major adverse reactions of antithyroid drugs are hematologic; aplastic anemia (AA) is one of the rarest and most severe complications. Use of recombinant human hemopoietic colony-stimulating factor was reported to be of benefit in patients who developed agranulocytosis, although there is still some doubt regarding the efficacy in AA. We present a case of a 58-year-old female patient with Graves' disease who developed AA in the third exposure to methimazole (MMI). The withdrawal of MMI and early treatment with 5 microg/kg per day recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for 9 days, allowed a favorable recovery of peripheral blood cell count. We conclude that the use of hemopoietic colony stimulating factors might be a suitable means to achieve the correction of severe thionamide-induced hematologic adverse reactions.