Flospes gen. nov. (Orthoptera, Trigonidiidae, Trigonidiinae), a genus of swordtail crickets from China, with two new species and new combinations.

We propose the genus Flospes gen. nov. for two new species, Flospesguangxiensis sp. nov. and Flospesviridipennis sp. nov., obtained from Guangxi and Hainan provinces, China, respectively, based on male genitalia traits. Three other species with similar genitalia are placed in the new genus: Flospesfujianensis (Wang et al., 1999), comb. nov., Flospeshainanensis (He et al., 2010), comb. nov., and Flospesdenticulatus (Liu & Shi, 2011), comb. nov. The new species are described, illustrated, and their ranges are given.

Trends in HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in China 2003-09: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The year-by-year trend of HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China is not well documented. METHODS: Published studies on HIV prevalence among MSM in China were reviewed and grouped by year, region and age group. Meta-analysis was used to summarise the estimates of national and regional HIV prevalence rates and trends among MSM from 2003 to 2009. HIV prevalence among MSM in different age groups (<25 years old v. ≥25 years old) was also calculated. RESULTS: Eighty-three publications were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled HIV prevalence among MSM in China increased from 0.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0-2.1%) in 2003 to 7.4% (95% CI: 5.7-9.2%) in 2009. A yearly increase of 1.1% (95% CI: 0.5-1.5%, P<0.001) in HIV prevalence was detected. The pooled regional HIV prevalence among MSM ranged from 2.3% (95% CI: 1.7-2.9%) in east China to 11.4% (95% CI: 9.2-13.6%) in south-west China. No difference was detected (χ(2)=0.5160, P=0.4726) between HIV prevalence in the <25-year-old age group (3.1%, 95% CI: 1.6-4.6%) and that in the ≥25-year-old age group (4.0%, 95% CI: 1.8-6.3%). CONCLUSION: The HIV prevalence among MSM in China is high and climbing. Effective strategies are required to prevent the epidemic from continuing to spread.

[Study on the prevalence rate and immunity of hepatitis B virus infection among urban adults aged over 20 years in Wuxi, Jiangsu province].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship on the prevalence rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and hepatitis B vaccination in urban citizens aged over 20 years old which would led to the development of strategies on HBV control. METHODS: A total of 3744 subjects from general population were randomly selected in this study. Both ELISA and radio immunoassay were used to test five items of HBV infection, including HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc. RESULTS: The overall standardized infection rate of HBV was 51.7%, and HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc were 4.5%, 48.5%, 0.3%, 3.5% and 51.4%, respectively. The two lowest HBsAg positive rates were found in the groups under 30 years old (2.9%) and students (2.6%). Anti-HBc rate among men was significantly higher than seen in women (P < 0.05), and showing a trend of increase with age (chi2 for trend = 256.2, P < 0.001). The standardized rates of HB vaccination in this population was 17.6% and decreasing rapidly with age (P < 0.05). People who had been vaccinated had both lower rates of HBsAg and HBV infection but higher rate of anti-HBs than those who had not (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HB vaccination in adults showed a reducing rate of HBV infection in the general population. Together with the enhancement of expanded program on immunization towards HB vaccination in neonates, much attention should be paid to HB vaccination in adults.