Ultrasound Cut-Off Values for Rectus Femoris for Detecting Sarcopenia in Patients with Nutritional Risk.

BACKGROUND: A nationwide, prospective, multicenter, cohort study (the Disease-Related caloric-protein malnutrition EChOgraphy (DRECO) study) was designed to assess the usefulness of ultrasound of the rectus femoris for detecting sarcopenia in hospitalized patients at risk of malnutrition and to define cut-off values of ultrasound measures. METHODS: Patients at risk of malnutrition according to the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) underwent handgrip dynamometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), a Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and rectus femoris ultrasound studies. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria were used to define categories of sarcopenia (at risk, probable, confirmed, severe). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) analyses were used to determine the optimal diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of cut-off points of the ultrasound measures for the detection of risk of sarcopenia and probable, confirmed, and severe sarcopenia. RESULTS: A total of 1000 subjects were included and 991 of them (58.9% men, mean age 58.5 years) were evaluated. Risk of sarcopenia was detected in 9.6% patients, probable sarcopenia in 14%, confirmed sarcopenia in 9.7%, and severe sarcopenia in 3.9%, with significant differences in the distribution of groups between men and women (p < 0.0001). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the rectus femoris showed a significantly positive correlation with body cell mass of BIA and handgrip strength, and a significant negative correlation with TUG. Cut-off values were similar within each category of sarcopenia, ranging between 2.40 cm2 and 3.66 cm2 for CSA, 32.57 mm and 40.21 mm for the X-axis, and 7.85 mm and 10.4 mm for the Y-axis. In general, these cut-off values showed high sensitivities, particularly for the categories of confirmed and severe sarcopenia, with male patients also showing better sensitivities than women. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcopenia in hospitalized patients at risk of malnutrition was high. Cut-off values for the better sensitivities and specificities of ultrasound measures of the rectus femoris are established. The use of ultrasound of the rectus femoris could be used for the prediction of sarcopenia and be useful to integrate nutritional study into real clinical practice.

Prevalencia de desnutrición en una unidad de media y larga estancia hospitalaria / Prevalence of malnutrition in a mind-long term stay unit

Introducción: La desnutrición es un problema de salud frecuente, especialmente en el ámbito hospitalario donde se asocia con estancias más prolongadas y mayor tasa de morbi-mortalidad. Por otro lado, los avances científicos actuales y la mayor expectativa de vida, han producido un aumento progresivo de unidades de media y larga estancia (UMLE). Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de desnutrición en una UMLE mediante el uso del MNA y la VGS, así como analizar los factores/características clínicas asociadas a la misma y sus repercusiones. Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo de una cohorte formada por 201 pacientes ingresados en la UMLE de un Hospital universitario de forma consecutiva durante 12 meses. Se recogieron variables clínicas, antropométricas, bioquímicas e historia nutricional, así como escala de comorbilidad de Charlson, escala cognitiva de Pfeiffer, escala funcional de Barthel y presencia de edemas, ascitis y úlceras por presión. El estado nutricional fue evaluado en las primeras 24-72 horas de ingreso mediante el MNA y la VGS. La presencia de disfagia se evaluó mediante el cuestionario EAT-10 y el MECV-V. Resultados: La prevalencia global de desnutrición fue del 76,6%, siendo la desnutrición mixta grave la más prevalente (20.4%). Los pacientes desnutridos tenían más edad (p=0,002), mayor grado de dependencia (p<0,0001), mayor deterioro cognitivo (p<0,0001) y mayor prevalencia de infecciones urinarias (p=0,026) y presencia de escaras (p=0,005). En el 43.6% de los pacientes se diagnosticó disfagia (MECV-V patológico). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de desnutrición es muy elevada en unidades médicas de larga estancia, generalmente es grave y se asocia con mayor comorbilidad. Casi la mitad de los pacientes presentaban disfagia. El cribaje y valoración nutricional son imprescindibles para el adecuado diagnóstico y tratamiento del estado nutricional en estas unidades (AU)

Introduction: Malnutrition is a common health problem, especially in hospitalized patients, where it’s associated with longer hospital stays and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, current scientific advances and life expectancy increase, have produced a progressive increase of mid- to long-term stay units (UMLE). Aims: To determinate the prevalence of malnutrition on admission to a mid- to long-term stay unit, using MNA and VGS and to analyze the possible factors/clinical features associated with malnutrition and its consequences. Methods: Descriptive and transversal study conducted with 201 patients admitted consecutively for 12 months in an Universitary Hospital mid- to long-term stay unit (Valencia). Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and nutritional history data were registered, as well as Charlson comorbidity scale, Pfeiffer cognitive scale, Barthel functional scale and presence of edema, ascitis and pressure ulcers. Nutritional status was evaluated in the first 24-72 hours of admission using MNA and VGS. Dysphagia was evaluated using EAT-10 and MECV-V questionaires. Results: The overall rate of malnutrition was 76,6%, being severe protein energy malnutrition the most common type (20,4%). Malnourished patients were older (p=0,002), presented greater dependence (p<0,0001) and greater cognitive impairment (p<0,0001) and they had higher prevalence of urinary tract infections (p=0,026) and presence of pressure ulcer (p=0,005). Dysphagia was diagnosed in 43.6% of the patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of malnutrition is higher Correspondencia: María Argente Pla. in a mid to long-term stay unit, is usually severe and as sociated with greater comorbidity. Almost half of the patients had dysphagia. Nutritional assessment is essential for establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment of the nutritional status in mid to - long term stay unit (AU)

Valoración del patrón alimentario en adolescentes españoles en zona mediterránea y atlántica: un estudio piloto / Dietary pattern assesmment in spanish adolescents in mediterranean and atlantic: a pilot study

Fundamentos: La adolescencia es una etapa en la que la nutrición cubre las necesidades energéticas en el desarrollo y también en la implantación de hábitos que permanecerán en la etapa adulta. Este estudio piloto tiene como objetivo evaluar los actuales hábitos nutricionales, la antropometría y la práctica de actividad física en adolescentes en dos regiones de España, Valencia y Cantabria. Métodos: Estudio transversal en adolescentes de 14 a 16 años. Muestra seleccionada 216, con información completa de 148. Se utilizó una encuesta alimentaria de 24 horas autoadministrada, se calcularon las medidas antropométricas y una encuesta de práctica de actividad física, y se comparó en función de residir en la zona mediterránea o atlántica. Resultados: Existe un alejamiento del patrón alimentario tradicional, bajo consumo de verduras en la zona atlántica y elevada ingesta de refrescos en la zona mediterránea. Prevalencia de un desayuno incompleto en el 21,6% de los adolescentes. Además, un nivel de sobrepeso global de 35,1% y de normopeso de 54,1%, y una tasa de sedentarismo del 47,0%. Conclusiones: Abandono del patrón dietético tradicional reflejándose en el patrón antropométrico que se agudiza con el sedentarismo identificado, lo cual eleva la vulnerabilidad nutricional en la adolescencia (AU)

Background: Adolescence is a stage when nutrition covers energy needs during development and when habits form that will remain to adulthood. This pilot study aims to assess the present-day nutritional habits, anthropometry and practicing physical activity in adolescents in two Spanish regions, Valencia and Cantabria. Methods: A cross-sectional study with adolescents aged 14 to 16 years. From a selected sample of 216, 148 with complete information. A self-administered 24-hour food survey, anthropometric assessment and physical activity survey. These variables were compared according to them living in the Mediterranean or the Atlantic regions. Results: An estrangement from the traditional eating patterns, low consumption of vegetables in the Atlantic region and high intake of soft drinks in the Mediterranean region. Prevalence of an incomplete breakfast in 21.6% of adolescents. In addition an overall level of 35.1% overweight and 54.1% of normal weight and sedentary rate of 47.0%. Conclusions: Abandonment of the traditional dietary pattern being reflected in anthropometric pattern even more with the level of sedentary behavior identified, increasing the nutritional vulnerability in adolescence (AU)

[Prevalence of malnutrition in a mid-long term stay unit]. / Prevalencia de desnutrición en una unidad de media y larga estancia hospitalaria.

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is a common health problem, especially in hospitalized patients, where it's associated with longer hospital stays and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, current scientific advances and life expectancy increase, have produced a progressive increase of mid- to long-term stay units (UMLE). AIMS: To determinate the prevalence of malnutrition on admission to a mid- to long-term stay unit, using MNA and VGS and to analyze the possible factors/clinical features associated with malnutrition and its consequences. METHODS: Descriptive and transversal study conducted with 201 patients admitted consecutively for 12 months in an Universitary Hospital mid- to long-term stay unit (Valencia). Clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and nutritional history data were registered, as well as Charlson comorbidity scale, Pfeiffer cognitive scale, Barthel functional scale and presence of edema, ascitis and pressure ulcers. Nutritional status was evaluated in the first 24-72 hours of admission using MNA and VGS. Dysphagia was evaluated using EAT-10 and MECV-V questionnaires. RESULTS: The overall rate of malnutrition was 76,6%, being severe protein energy malnutrition the most common type (20,4%). Malnourished patients were older (p=0,002), presented greater dependence (p.

Introducción: La desnutrición es un problema de salud frecuente, especialmente en el ámbito hospitalario donde se asocia con estancias más prolongadas y mayor tasa de morbi-mortalidad. Por otro lado, los avances científicos actuales y la mayor expectativa de vida, han producido un aumento progresivo de unidades de media y larga estancia (UMLE). Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de desnutrición en una UMLE mediante el uso del MNA y la VGS, así como analizar los factores/características clínicas asociadas a la misma y sus repercusiones. Métodos: Estudio transversal, descriptivo de una cohorte formada por 201 pacientes ingresados en la UMLE de un Hospital universitario de forma consecutiva durante 12 meses. Se recogieron variables clínicas, antropométricas, bioquímicas e historia nutricional, así como escala de comorbilidad de Charlson, escala cognitiva de Pfeiffer, escala funcional de Barthel y presencia de edemas, ascitis y úlceras por presión. El estado nutricional fue evaluado en las primeras 24-72 horas de ingreso mediante el MNA y la VGS. La presencia de disfagia se evaluó mediante el cuestionario EAT-10 y el MECV-V. Resultados: La prevalencia global de desnutrición fue del 76,6%, siendo la desnutrición mixta grave la más prevalente (20.4%). Los pacientes desnutridos tenían más edad (p=0,002), mayor grado de dependencia (p.