Development of methodology for identification and assessment of ecosystems with an underground source of tritium.

The article considers the issues of working out the suitable approaches for identifying zones with the presence of underground near-surface waters with increased concentrations of tritium discharged into a surface reservoir. The following methods were used as possible methods: determination of tritium content in snow cover, determination of tritium content in vegetation in the form of tritium of free water and organically bound tritium, determination of tritium content in river water and coastal vegetation. The studies were carried out at a previously identified site where groundwater with a tritium concentration of up to 6000 Bq/l is present, located in the vicinity of the city of Obninsk (Kaluga region, Russia). As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that the analysis of the distribution of tritium in vegetation is an excellent methodological technique for identifying areas of location of near-surface underground waters contaminated with tritium. As a control parameter, both the concentration of tritium in the free water of plants and the content of organically bound tritium can be used. To detect underground tritium contamination the most promising use is the following indicator - the content of OBT in the shoots of woody plants. This parameter is very informative, and the sampling procedure for its determination has no seasonal restrictions, unlike such parameters as the content of tritium in grass and leaves, the content of tritium in snow cover, surface waters, which are preferably collected only in summer or winter. It should be noted that the control of surface waters of the groundwater discharge zone may not be a sufficiently informative indicator for identifying areas of polluted water inflow, since it depends on the ratio of the volumes of leaking polluted groundwater and the annual flow of the watercourse.

[The modern methods of evaluation of implementing personalized programs of prevention of age-associated diseases].

The development of preventive programs targeting specific groups of consumers of medical social services having age-related health and lifestyle characteristics is one of the most prospective methods to improve quality of medical care of the elderly and senile patients. The previously developed by Russian and foreign scientists programs of personalized prevention of age-related diseases make it possible to organize target groups of patients seeking medical services in both state and private health care organizations to be screened for conditions of medical and social significance from the point of view of preventive medicine. This permits to achieve a real integration of various components of preventive care that improves health of elderly and senile patients in terms of morphofunctional indices of patient's physical status, quality of life, degree of independence, and, as a result, quality and scope of implementation of preventive programs for elderly population. Therefore, the development of the basics of personalized programs preventing age-related diseases in elderly population is actual.

First experience of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treatment of Shwachman-Diamond syndrome using unaffected HLA-matched sibling donor produced through preimplantation HLA typing.

The only proven cure for Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) bone marrow failure is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However HSCT with donors other than HLA-identical siblings is associated with high mortality and unfavorable prognosis. This paper presents the first experience of HSCT treatment of SDS using an unaffected HLA-identical sibling produced through preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The patient was a 6-year-old blood transfusion-dependent SDS baby girl with secondary myelodysplastic syndrome, for whom no HLA-identical donor was available. As a result of PGD, two unaffected HLA matched embryos were identified; one of them was randomly selected for transfer, resulting in a clinical pregnancy and birth of an apparently healthy child. The patient underwent allogeneic transplantation of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells, together with bone marrow from this sibling, resulting in complete hemopoietic recovery. The patient was no longer transfusion-dependent and had normal blood values 160 days after transplantation.

[PERSONALIZATION OF TREATMENT FOR CERVICAL CANCER DURING PREGNANCY].

The paper presents a clinical case of a patient of 29 years old with a diagnosis of cervical cancer sIIA1 stage with the modern therapeutic approach: as a diagnostic and treatment phase there was performed videoendoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection at a 16-week pregnancy, excluded lymphogenous spread of tumor and on the basis of which it was decided to prolong pregnancy, given the strong desire of the patient to keep the baby. At a 19-week and a 23-week pregnancy there were two courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and at a 34-week--Cesarean delivery with simultaneous radical hysterectomy and ovarian transposition followed by a course of adjuvant distant radiotherapy. The final diagnosis was as pT2aN0M0. The observation was during 7 months: the patient is alive without recurrence, the child develops without physical and psychomotor abnormalities.

[Effect of anesthesia on neurological status of newborns in abdominal delivery during early postnatal period].

The publication is devoted to the case of the successful application of alveolus mobilization maneuver in infants with respiratory distress syndrome and demonstrates the high clinical efficacy of this method of respiratory support, not only during expressed hypoxemia, but also during hypercapnic respiratory failure.

[Global climate change and carbon balance in forest ecosystems of boreal zones: imitating modeling as a forecast tool].

The individually oriented system of the EFIMOD models simulating carbon and nitrogen flows in forest ecosystems has been used for forecasting the response of forest ecosystems to various forest exploitation regimes with climate change. As input data the forest management materials for the Manturovskii forestry of the Kostroma region were used. It has been shown that increase of mid-annual temperatures and rainfall influence the redistribution of carbon and nitrogen supply in organic form: supply increase of these elements in phytomass simultaneously with depletion of them in soil occurred. The most carbon and nitrogen accumulation in forest ecosystems occurs in the scenario without felling. In addition, in this scenario only the ecosystems of the modeling territory function as a carbon drain; in the other two scenarios (with selective and total felling) they function as a source of carbon. Climate changes greatly influence the decomposition rate of organic matter in soil, which leads to increased emission of carbonic acid. The second consequence of the increase in the destruction rate is nitrogen increase in the soil in a form available for plants that entails production increase of plantations.

[On the influence of silicate feeding on metabolism of 137Cs in rabbit]. / O vliianii kormovogo ispol'zovaniia silikatov na metabolizm 137Cs v organizme krolikov.

The features of 137Cs metabolism in the rabbit's organism when feeding on silicates were investigated. By results of two experiments on rabbits radiosorption by of zeolite, saponit, humolit, vermiculite and palygorskit in the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated. It was found that vermiculite and palygorskit had the strongest influence on processes of accumulation and decorporation 137Cs, when a dose of additives was 5% of the weight of forage.

[Course of chronic hepatitis B and C and constitutional characteristics of the patients]. / Techenie khronicheskikh gepatitov B i C i konstitutsional'naia kharakteristika bol'nykh.

The relationship between hepatitis course and constitution assessed by the signs of 3 major diatheses (dyscrasic--DD. arthritic--AD and psoriatic--PD) was studied in 41 patients with HBV infection (low active-25 patients, moderate activity-6 patients, cirrhosis-10 patients) and 62 patients with NCV infection (low active-23, moderate-13, cirrhosis-26). In both infections domination of DD over AD and PD was associated with more severe course of the disease while Ad domination over DD and PD indicated a mild course. It is suggested that constitutional characteristics should be taken in consideration when assessing the course and prognosis of HBV- and HCV-infection.

[The effect of bicuculline on behavior and on the neuronal activity of the caudate nucleus and of the thalamic VA-VL nuclei in the cat brain]. / Vliianie bikukullina na povedenie i na neironnuiu aktivnost' khvostatogo iadra i VA-VL iader talamusa mozga koshki.

In chronic cat experiments, bicucullin-induced GABA receptor blockade in the dorsal and ventral parts of the rostral caudate nucleus resulted in complicated changes in spontaneous activity of 19 of 55 neurons, primarily in the cells with low spike frequency. Changes were observed also in 8 to 31 neurons of VA-VL nuclei of the thalamus. The blockade of striatal GABA receptors was accompanied by changes in motor behavior and emotional motivational state of the animals. The character and latency of unit activity rearrangements in the caudate nucleus and modifications of cat's behavior depended on the localization of bicucullin injection point within different parts of the caudate nucleus.

[Modification of reactions of rats to the effect of weak variable magnetic fields using a stress factor]. / Modifikatsiia stress-faktorom reaktsii krys na deistvie slabykh peremennykh magnitnykh polei.

Stress-factor (hypokinesia) modifies the reaction of the adaptation, which develops under the changeable magnetic fields influence with 8 Hz frequency and 5 microT induction. It's being corroborated by the decrease of nonspecific resistance in the initial adaptation period, by the increase of central nervous system excitability, by the absence of catecholamines accumulation in the hypothalamus and in adrenal glands.

[The striatonigral-thalamic mechanisms in the organization of behavior]. / Striato-nigro-talamicheskie mekhanizmy organizatsii povedeniia.

Experiments in dogs with striatal deficiency revealed an important role of dopaminergic mechanisms in establishment of the situation conditioning. A rearrangement of the background unit activity of the caudate and thalamic nuclei preceding presentation of a conditioned stimulus and correlating with correct accomplishment of a motor task, was revealed in cats. Afferents from intralaminar and ventral nuclei of the thalamus were shown. Participation of striatal, nigral and thalamic levels in systemic organisation of motor conditioning is discussed.

Characteristics of the influences of the centrum medianum of the thalamus on the neuronal activity of the caudate nucleus.

The specific character of the relationship of the baseline cellular activity of the caudate nucleus to the features of the impulse activity of the centrum medianum of the thalamus has been identified in chronic microelectrode experiments. Reciprocal changes in the bioelectrical activity were recorded in the first group of cells, with a low action potential repetition frequency, while unidirectional changes with reorganizations in the intralaminar nucleus were recorded in the second. The activation of the cells of the centrum medianum of the thalamus was accompanied during the formation of an instrumental conditioned defense reflex by the formation of a pattern of impulse activity in neurons of the neostriatum which coincided in sign with the reorganizations which were characteristic during the investigation of the baseline activity. It is hypothesized that the features of the internal structure of the caudate nucleus underlie such a relationship.

Centripetal transport of microtubules in motile cells.

The study of microtubule (MT) dynamics in cells has largely been restricted to events occurring over relatively short periods in nonmotile or stationary cells in culture. By using the antioxidant, Oxyrase, we have reduced the sensitivity of fluorescent MTs to photodamage and this has allowed us to image fluorescent MTs with good temporal resolution over much longer periods of time. We have used our enhanced imaging capabilities to examine MT dynamics in fibroblasts moving directionally into a wound. We found that MTs in these cells exhibited dynamic instability similar to that reported for other cells. More interestingly, we found a novel dynamic behavior of the MTs in which entire MTs were moved inward from the leading edge toward the cell nucleus. This centripetal transport (CT) of MTs only occurred to those MTs that were oriented with their long axis parallel to the leading edge; radially oriented MTs were not transported centripetally. Both small bundles of MTs and individual MTs were observed to undergo CT at a rate of 0.63 +/- 0.37 micron/min. This rate was similar to the rate of CT of latex beads applied to the cell surface and of endogenous pinocytotic vesicles in the cytoplasm. When we imaged both MTs and pinocytotic vesicles, we found that the pinocytotic vesicles were ensheathed by a small group of parallel MTs that moved centripetally in concert with the vesicles. Conversely, we found many instances of MTs moving centripetally without associated vesicles. When cells were treated with nocodazole to depolymerize MTs rapidly, the rate of pinocytotic vesicle CT was inhibited by 75%. This suggests that centripetal transport of MTs may be involved in the movement of pinocytotic vesicles in cells. In conclusion, our results show that MTs in motile cells are redistributed by a novel mechanism, CT, that does not require changes in polymer length. The centripetally transported MTs may play a role in transporting pinocytotic vesicles in the cell.

[The characteristics of the influences of the centromedian thalamus on the neuronal activity of the caudate nucleus]. / Osobennosti vliianii sredinnogo tsentra talamusa na neironal'nuiu aktivnost' khvostatogo iadra.

Rearrangements of the unit activity in the thalamic intralaminar nucleus were found to be followed by reciprocal changes of activity of some neostriatal units. During avoidance conditioning, the activation of the centre median neurons is accompanied by the same firing pattern as in spontaneous activity. The features of organisation of the caudate nucleus seem to be basic.