[Primary failure of eruption: diagnostics, treatment, casus and review of literature]. / Primair falen van eruptie: diagnostiek, behandeling, casuïstiek en literatuuroverzicht.

Primary failure of eruption is a rare eruption disorder of above all, the permanent second and sometimes the first molars. It is characterized by infra occlusion of the molars resulting in a severe lateral open bite. Primary failure of eruption is a disorders which affects all molars distal to the most mesial involved tooth. Diagnosis is possible both clinically and with radiographs. A panoramic radiograph combined with clinical findings of impaction or infra occlusion can confirm the suspicion of primary failure of eruption. Primary failure of eruption cannot be treated as other eruption disturbances are. The teeth do not respond to orthodontic force. Exposure of the molar and orthodontic traction of a molar affected by primary failure of eruption is discouraged. Observation and extraction, in case the primary failure of eruption poses a risk to the healthy dentition, are the only two treatment options for young patients. Additional treatment of this eruption disorder should be carried out at an adult age and consists of prosthetic closure of the open bite.

Genetic variability of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus isolates revealed by molecular markers.

Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina:Hyphomycetes) is a fungus that is potentially useful for the bio-control of economically important agricultural pests, such as whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Arbitrarily primed PCR and PCR with tRNA consensus primers were used to analyze genetic variability among 27 P. fumosoroseus isolates, 15 of which came from the same host, B. tabaci, one P. lilacinus isolate, used as an outgroup, 9 previously unidentified Paecilomyces isolates. Fifteen 10-mer oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence revealed 322 scorable binary characters. Principal coordinates and cluster analysis of characters showed that most of the P. fumosoroseus and Paecilomyces sp. isolates were in three phenetic groups with > 65% internal similarity. Two of the three arbitrary phenetic groups were closely related (76% similarity) with the third group quite different (only 14% similarity) from the first two. The phenetic groups did not correlate with geographical origin or host species. Genetic variability of isolates infecting whitefly in Florida was detected. Isolates from B. tabaci were represented in two of the three groups, and different genotypes were identified even when they were isolated from an epizootic population in India and Pakistan. There was no evidence of host-specific selection of genotypes, as has been shown in other entomopathogenic fungi. Three isolates morphologically classified as P. fumosoroseus were clustered in a phenetic group which displayed only 14% similarity to the other isolates of this species. Seven isolated that presented problems for morphological classification were found to be similar or, in three cases, identical to other P. fumosoroseus isolates that dit not present problems for morphological classification.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

DNA markers for differentiating isolates of Paecilomyces lilacinus.

Paecilomyces lilacinus is an agent for the potential biological control of soil nematodes. Arbitrarily primed PCR was used to fingerprint the genomes of 28 isolates of this fungus. Most (72%) of the isolates originated from soil of different regions of Brazil. Fourteen 10-mer oligonucleotide primers of arbitrary sequence revealed 293 scorable binary characters. Distinct genotypes were obtained for each isolate. Cluster analysis showed a high level of variability among these genotypes. The similarity among pairwise comparisons of the isolates varied from 84.3% to 7.6%, with a mean of 63.5%. No clearly defined phenetic groups were identified by cluster or multivariate analyses. No correlation with geographical origin or host was detected. In addition, PCR with four pairs of consensus tRNA gene primers was performed on a subsample of 12 P. lilacinus isolates, three P. farinosus isolates, two P. fumosoroseus isolates, and one isolate of P. amoenoroseus. An inferred phylogeny based on 112 binary characters obtained by tRNA-PCR showed a monophyletic group which contained most of the P. lilacinus isolates. In contrast, three isolates of P. farinosus were not in a monophyletic group under the inferred phylogeny. These results suggest that tRNA fingerprinting could provide a valuable tool which could be used to develop the molecular taxonomy of Paecilomyces, as morphological characteristics of asexual structures cannot entirely resolve species.