[Cowden syndrome: clinical case presentation with oral lesions]. / Síndrome de Cowden: presentación de un caso clínico con lesiones orales.

Cowden syndrome is an autosomal-dominant inheritance disease, characterized by the presence of skin and oral mucosa multiple hamartomas and nodules, together with thyroid and breast anomalies and polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract, which tend to undergo malignant transformation, especially in breast and thyroids. Therefore, the oral lesions early diagnosis facilitates the identification of asintomatic lesions, in other parts of the body. This is the case in the report we are to present, in which the patient, probably with the Cowden Syndrome, because of the presence of multiple hamartomas in the oral mucose diagnosed a breast carcinoma, and other alterations such as thyroid calcifications and polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract.

Síndrome de Cowden: presentación de un caso clínico con lesiones orales / Cowden syndrome: a clinical case with oral lesions

El síndrome de Cowden es una enfermedad hereditaria, de transmisión autosómica dominante, caracterizada por la presencia de múltiples hamartomas y nódulos en piel y mucosa oral, junto con anomalías en mama, tiroides y pólipos en el tracto gastrointestinal, tendiendo a malignizarse sobre todo en mama y tiroides. El diagnóstico precoz a partir de las lesiones orales puede dar lugar a que se descubran otras tumoraciones, asintomáticas, en otras partes del organismo. Así ocurrió en el caso clínico que a continuación expondremos, en el que a la paciente, tras la sospecha de un síndrome de Cowden por la presencia de múltiples fibro mas en la mucosa oral, se le diagnosticó un carcinoma de mama, y otras alteraciones como calcificaciones a nivel tiroideo y pólipos intestinales (AU)

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Highly aggressive brown tumour of the maxilla as first manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism.

A case is presented of a 62-year-old man with a right maxillary swelling for the previous three months. The lesion was expansive and osteolytic, with invasion of the adjacent maxillary sinus, nasal and pterygomaxillary fossae and floor of the orbit. Histology revealed the presence of an intrabony giant cell lesion. Blood tests demonstrated elevations in calcium (16.2 mg/dl) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations (841 pg/ml). This suggested the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism initially manifesting as a brown tumour of the maxilla. Posterior explorations confirmed the existence of an underlying ectopic parathyroid adenoma as the cause of the condition.

Oral lichen planus. An evolutive clinical and histological study of 45 patients followed up on for five years.

A study is made of 45 patients clinically and histologically diagnosed of oral lichen planus, and followed up on for 5 years. The course of the disease was monitored after three months and one, two and five years. The patients were classified in terms of lesion evolution (healed, improved, stationary or worse). Two evolutive groups were established for statistical purposes: (a) favorable (healed or improved lesions) and unfavorable cases (stationary or worsened oral lesions); and (b) healed and non-healed cases. Statistical correlations were established between these evolutive groups and different clinical and histological parameters, in an attempt to identify parameters of predictive value in the course of the disease. No statistically significant results were obtained, with the exception of inflammatory infiltrate. Thus, the depth of this infiltrate was found to be greater in patients with an unfavorable evolution (p = 0.02) than in those with a favorable course. Likewise, the inflammatory infiltrate was greater in non-healed than in healed cases.

A clinical study of 205 patients with oral lichen planus.

Two hundred and five patients with oral lichen planus were divided into two groups: those with only reticular lesions (group 1) and those with atrophic-erosive lesions with or without concomitant reticular lesions (group 2). A comparative study of the two groups showed that the most commonly affected oral location in both was the buccal mucosa. Lesions of the tongue, gingiva, lip, and palate predominated in group 2. Likewise, chronic liver disease and diabetes were more common in the second group, as was extension of the oral lesions (P less than .001).

[Clinico-pathological study of oral mucoceles]. / Estudio clínico-patológico de los mucoceles de la cavidad oral.

We present a clinical and histopathological study of 25 mucoceles of the oral cavity. Incidence was found to be greatest between age 10 and 20 (12 cases), with no significant differences in terms of sex. The lower lip was most frequently affected (17 cases), other locations being much less common. In 72% of cases there were etiological antecedents of traumatism. Mucocele size varied from 3 to 13 mm. although a great many of them were between 10 and 13 mm. Evolution period was 1-16 months, incidence being highest between 1 and 4 months. Finally, histology showed 95% to be due extravasation, the remaining 5% being the result of retention. Among the extravasation mucoceles, 11.7% were in the initial phase, another 11.7% in the reabsorption stage, and 76.4% in the final phase.

[Buccal manifestations of type I diabetes mellitus. Study of its oral symptomatology and dental involvement]. / Manifestations buccales du diabète sucré type I. Etude de sa symptomatologie orale et incidence dentaire.

We are hereby presenting a survey conducted on 44 diabetic patients of the I type and 44 health individuals used as a reference group. In the light of the results of the survey in question a poorer oral hygiene for the I type insulin-dependent diabetic patients than for those in the control group has been detected (E.G. whereas 40.91% of the diabetic patients exhibited a very poor hygiene, the rate detected for the control group amounted to 22.72% only). Nevertheless, this poorer hygiene did not seem to influence caries level direct since no meaningful difference in the two groups CAO indexes was detected at all. Cellulitis was very frequent in the diabetic group whereas post-extraction alveolitis and mouth dryness were found at comparable levels in the two groups.

[Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Oligosymptomatic form developed during medical treatment of a phobic depressive process]. / Síndrome de Melkersson-Rosenthal. Forma oligosintomática desencadenada durante el tratamiento médico de un proceso depresivo fóbico.

An oligosymptomatic form of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome which developed following psychiatric treatment for depressive phobic disease is presented. Morphological characteristics found in gingival mucosa biopsy are commented on, as well as the evolutive course and therapeutic procedures carried out on the patient.