TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS ON FIRST AID FOR UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW / MÉTODOS DE ENSEÑANZA Y APRENDIZAJE DE LOS PRIMEROS AUXILIOS PARA ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DE ENFERMERÍA: UNA REVISIÓN INTEGRADORA / MÉTODOS DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM SOBRE PRIMEIROS SOCORROS PARA GRADUANDOS DE ENFERMAGEM: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

The aim of this study is to identify, through scientific evidence, the teaching and learning methods used with undergraduate nursing students in the subject of first aid. This is an integrative literature review, carried out by searching for the descriptors DeCs and MeSH, Boolean operators AND and OR using the PVO strategy, to delimit the guiding question: What teaching and learning methods are used with undergraduate nursing students in the discipline of first aid? The inclusion criteria were: original studies, without language restriction, articles published in the last five years, justifying the time frame by the perspective of identifying current teaching methods used by undergraduate nursing courses through the updating of the National Curriculum Guidelines for the Nursing course updated by Resolution No. 573 of January 2018. Excluded were review articles, experience reports, letters, editorials, newspapers, theses, dissertations, monographs, books, studies that did not address a topic relevant to the review study and duplicate studies. The search was carried out in pairs, in April and May 2023, through the CAPES journal portal, in the selected databases: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed®), SciVerse Scopus and Web of Science. Nine studies were included. It was concluded that the first aid teaching methods identified for undergraduate nursing students were active methodologies, with an emphasis on realistic simulations, the use of educational technologies, dialogued lectures, problem-based learning, programs integrating theoretical and practical methods and the use of resources such as videos, conferences, guidance, mannequins and others.

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar, a través de la evidencia científica, los métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje utilizados con estudiantes universitarios de enfermería en la asignatura de primeros auxilios. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora, realizada mediante la búsqueda de los descriptores DeCs y MeSH, operadores booleanos AND y OR utilizando la estrategia PVO, para delimitar la pregunta guía: ¿Qué métodos de enseñanza y aprendizaje se utilizan con estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería en la disciplina de primeros auxilios? Los criterios de inclusión fueron: estudios originales, sin restricciones de idioma, artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años, justificando el plazo por la perspectiva de identificar los métodos de enseñanza actuales utilizados por los cursos de pregrado de enfermería a través de la actualización de las Directrices Curriculares Nacionales para el curso de Enfermería actualizadas por la Resolución N º 573 de enero de 2018. Fueron excluidos artículos de revisión, informes de experiencias, cartas, editoriales, periódicos, tesis, disertaciones, monografías, libros, estudios que no abordaban un tema relevante para el estudio de revisión y estudios duplicados. La búsqueda fue realizada en pares, en abril y mayo de 2023, a través del portal de revistas CAPES, en las bases de datos seleccionadas: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed®), SciVerse Scopus y Web of Science. Se incluyeron nueve estudios. Se puede concluir que los métodos de enseñanza identificados para los primeros auxilios para estudiantes de enfermería de pregrado fueron las metodologías activas, con énfasis en simulaciones realistas, el uso de tecnologías educativas, conferencias, aprendizaje basado en problemas, programas que integran métodos teóricos y prácticos y el uso de recursos como vídeos, conferencias, orientación, maniquíes y otros.

O estudo tem por objetivo identificar através das evidências científicas métodos de ensino e aprendizagem utilizados com graduandos em Enfermagem na disciplina de primeiros socorros. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio da busca dos descritores DeCs e MeSH, operadores booleanos AND e OR utilizando a estratégia PVO, para delimitar a questão norteadora: Quais os métodos de ensino e aprendizagem utilizados com graduandos em Enfermagem na disciplina de primeiros socorros? Os critérios de inclusão consistiram: estudos originais, sem restrição de idiomas, artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, justificando-se o recorte temporal pela perspectiva de identificar métodos de ensino atuais utilizados pelos cursos de graduação de enfermagem mediante a atualização das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais do curso de Enfermagem atualizada pela Resolução Nº 573 de janeiro de 2018. Excluídos, os artigos de revisão, relatos de experiência, cartas, editoriais, jornais, teses, dissertações, monografias, livros, estudos que não abordam temática relevante para o estudo da revisão e estudos duplicados. A busca foi realizada pareada, nos meses de abril e maio de 2023, por meio do portal de periódicos da CAPES, nas bases de dados selecionadas: BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed®), SciVerse Scopus e Web of Science. Sendo inclusos nove estudos. Conclui-se que, dos métodos de ensino em primeiros socorros para graduandos de enfermagem identificados, foram as metodologias ativas, com ênfase as simulações realísticas, uso de tecnologias educacionais, aulas expositivas dialogadas, aprendizagem baseada em problemas, programas com integração de métodos teóricos e práticos e utilização de recursos como vídeos, conferências, orientações, manequins e outros.

Primary Human Hepatocyte Spheroid Model as a 3D In Vitro Platform for Metabolism Studies.

3D cultures of primary human hepatocytes (PHH) are emerging as a more in vivo-like culture system than previously available hepatic models. This work describes the characterisation of drug metabolism in 3D PHH spheroids. Spheroids were formed from three different donors of PHH and the expression and activities of important cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4) were maintained for up to 21 days after seeding. The activity of CYP2B6 and 3A4 decreased, while the activity of CYP2C9 and 2D6 increased over time (P < 0.05). For six test compounds, that are metabolised by multiple enzymes, intrinsic clearance (CLint) values were comparable to standard in vitro hepatic models and successfully predicted in vivo CLint within 3-fold from observed values for low clearance compounds. Remarkably, the metabolic turnover of these low clearance compounds was reproducibly measured using only 1-3 spheroids, each composed of 2000 cells. Importantly, metabolites identified in the spheroid cultures reproduced the major metabolites observed in vivo, both primary and secondary metabolites were captured. In summary, the 3D PHH spheroid model shows promise to be used in drug discovery projects to study drug metabolism, including unknown mechanisms, over an extended period of time.

A novel multi-parametric high content screening assay in ciPTEC-OAT1 to predict drug-induced nephrotoxicity during drug discovery.

Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a major concern in the clinic and hampers the use of available treatments as well as the development of innovative medicines. It is typically discovered late during drug development, which reflects a lack of in vitro nephrotoxicity assays available that can be employed readily in early drug discovery, to identify and hence steer away from the risk. Here, we report the development of a high content screening assay in ciPTEC-OAT1, a proximal tubular cell line that expresses several relevant renal transporters, using five fluorescent dyes to quantify cell health parameters. We used a validation set of 62 drugs, tested across a relevant concentration range compared to their exposure in humans, to develop a model that integrates multi-parametric data and drug exposure information, which identified most proximal tubular toxic drugs tested (sensitivity 75%) without any false positives (specificity 100%). Due to the relatively high throughput (straight-forward assay protocol, 96-well format, cost-effective) the assay is compatible with the needs in the early drug discovery setting to enable identification, quantification and subsequent mitigation of the risk for nephrotoxicity.