Rational Design and Fine Fabrication of Passive Daytime Radiative Cooling Textiles Integrate Antibacterial, UV-Shielding, and Self-Cleaning Characteristics.

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) textiles hold substantial potential for localized outdoor cooling of the human body without additional energy consumption, but their limited multifunctional integration severely hinders their practical application. Herein, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) nanoparticles were purposefully introduced into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibers via a facile electrospinning process, forming a large-scale and flexible PDRC textile with the desired antibacterial, UV-shielding, and self-cleaning capabilities. These prepared PDRC textiles present a weighted sunlight reflection rate of 92.3% and a weighted emissivity of 89.5% in the mid-infrared region. Furthermore, outdoor tests with an average solar intensity of ∼715 W/m2 demonstrated that a skin simulator temperature could be cooled by ∼16.1 °C below the ambient temperature, outperforming cotton fabric by ∼6.3 °C. Owing to the outstanding photocatalytic properties of the AZO nanoparticles, these prepared PVDF textiles exhibit antibacterial properties (Escherichia coli: 99.99%), UV-shielding performance (UPF > 50+), and superior self-cleaning capabilities, providing a cost-effective and eco-friendly avenue for daytime personal thermal management.

Effects of different traditional Chinese exercise for knee osteoarthritis patients: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The most popular traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) techniques include Tai Chi, Yijinjing, Baduanjin, Wuqinxi, and Qigong. Exercise is advised as a primary treatment for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) according to clinical standards. According to several studies, TCE may be an effective way to help people with KOA manage their pain, stiffness, and physical function. Which TCE therapy is the most effective and whose particular usefulness is still debatable. The network meta-analysis (NMA) method is used in this study to evaluate and compare the effects of various TCE therapies on KOA patients. METHODS: We will search PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and the China Biology Medical Literature Database (CBM) for randomized controlled trials reporting TCE therapy for KOA patients published before October 25, 2023. The Stata 16.0 program will compare the effectiveness of various TCE therapies on KOA patients using conventional pairwise and NMA. RESULTS: The final 29 studies included 15 articles on Tai Chi, 7 articles on Baduanjin, 4 articles on Wuqinxi, and 3 articles on Yijinjing. Tai Chi was first for the effect sizes of VAS scores, WOMAC pain scores, and WOMAC available scores, while Baduanjin was ranked top for WOMAC stiffness scores. Research should continue to be conducted on the effect of Qigong on KOA intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This NMA will help determine the best TCE treatment for KOA and offer evidence-based bias for clinical decision-making.

The clinical efficacy of combined ESA and Roxadustat treatment for renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: A case series.

RATIONALE: Pharmacological mechanism of Roxadustat in the treatment of renal anemia. PATIENT CONCERNS: To investigate the efficacy and safety of combined Roxadustat and erythropoiesis stimulator (ESA) treatment of renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. DIAGNOSES: A retrospective analysis was conducted on hemodialysis patients with renal anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism treated with ESAs alone, who were admitted to our hospital from March 2022 to December 2022. INTERVENTIONS: The patients were treated with Roxadustat combined with ESAs for 3 months, during which oral iron supplementation was given, and the changes in Hb levels and laboratory-related indicators before and after the combined treatment were analyzed. OUTCOMES: The results showed that a total of 13 patients received combination therapy, with a significant increase in Hb compared to ESAs alone (t = -3.955, P = .002). The Hb qualification rate was 38.46%, and the ∆Hb response rate was 76.92%. The parathyroid hormone significantly decreased with a statistically significant difference (Z = -2.062b, P = .039). Hemoglobin (RBC), total iron binding capacity, and serum ferritin (male) were significantly increased compared to ESAs alone. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were significantly lower than ESAs alone. The differences in the changes in the above indicators were statistically significant (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference in changes in other laboratory-related indicators (P > .05). No adverse reactions were observed during the combined treatment of 13 patients. LESSONS SUBSECTIONS: The combination of Roxadustat and ESAs can effectively improve renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism, as well as improve indicators of hyperparathyroidism and blood lipid levels with high levels of safety. This combined treatment thus provides a new and safe treatment method for these patients.

Rationally Integrating Charge-Transfer Cocrystal and Ni(II) Organometallics for Visualized Photo/Thermochromic Sensors.

Smart materials demonstrate fascinating responses to environmental physical/chemical stimuli, including thermal, photonic, electronic, humidity, or magnetic stimuli, which have attracted intensive interest in material chemistry. However, their limited/harsh stimuli-responsive behavior or sophisticated postprocessing leads to enormous challenges for practical applications. Herein, we rationally designed and synthesized thermochromic Ni(II) organometallic [(C2H5)2NH2]2NiCl4-xBrx via a facile mechanochemical strategy, which demonstrated a reversible switch from yellow to blue color with a tunable phase-transition temperature from 75.6 to 61.7 °C. The simple electrospinning technology was applied to fabricate thermochromic Ni(II) organometallic-based nanofiber membranes for temperature monitoring. Furthermore, the organic charge-transfer cocrystal with a wide spectral absorption of 300-1950 nm and a high-efficiency photothermal conversion was combined with thermochromic Ni(II) organometallics for the desired dual-stimuli photo/thermochromism. This work supplies a new strategy for realizing multiple stimuli-responsive applications, such as thermal/light sensor displays and information storage.

Evaluation of traditional Chinese exercise for knee osteoarthritis (KOA): an overview of systematic reviews.

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) has become a public health issue. Several systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) indicate that traditional Chinese exercise (TCE) may be an effective treatment for reducing pain and stiffness and improving physical function in people with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the literature quality and evidence for the systematic reviews of TCE for KOA and provide evidence to support the clinical application of TCE for KOA. METHODS: Eight databases were searched from their inception to January 3, 2023, to retrieve relevant literature, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medical literature database (CBM), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, without restrictions on publication date or language. AMSTAR-2 and PRISMA 2020 assessed the methodological and reporting quality of included SRs/MAs. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was utilized to evaluate the quality of evidence. RESULTS: A total of 18 SRs/MAs were included. The methodological quality was "very low" based on AMSTAR-2. The overall reporting quality was deficient based on PRISMA 2020. The quality of Chinese and English literature differed, with English literature being superior in methodological and reporting quality. Among 93 pieces of evidence obtained, 46 (49.46%) were of very low quality, 34 (36.56%) were of low quality, 13 (13.98%) were of moderate quality, and none were of high quality. TCE was supported by 76 pieces of evidence (81.72%). CONCLUSION: TCE appears beneficial and safe for managing KOA. However, due to the relatively low methodological and evidentiary quality of included SRs/MAs, clinicians should interpret these findings cautiously.

Visualizing the interfacial-layer-based epitaxial growth process toward organic core-shell architectures.

Organic heterostructures (OHTs) with the desired geometry organization on micro/nanoscale have undergone rapid progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology. However, it is a significant challenge to elucidate the epitaxial-growth process for various OHTs composed of organic units with a lattice mismatching ratio of > 3%, which is unimaginable for inorganic heterostructures. Herein, we have demonstrated a vivid visualization of the morphology evolution of epitaxial-growth based on a doped interfacial-layer, which facilitates the comprehensive understanding of the hierarchical self-assembly of core-shell OHT with precise spatial configuration. Significantly, the barcoded OHT with periodic shells obviously illustrate the shell epitaxial-growth from tips to center parts along the seeded rods for forming the core-shell OHT. Furthermore, the diameter, length, and number of periodic shells were modulated by finely tuning the stoichiometric ratio, crystalline time, and temperature, respectively. This epitaxial-growth process could be generalized to organic systems with facile chemical/structural compatibility for forming the desired OHTs.

Hydrophilic 1T-WS2 Nanosheet Arrays toward Conductive Textiles for High-Efficient and Continuous Hydroelectric Generation and Storage.

Flexible hydroelectric generators (HEGs) are promising self-powered devices that spontaneously derive electrical power from moisture. However, achieving the desired compatibility between a continuous operating voltage and superior current density remains a significant challenge. Herein, a textile-based van der Waals heterostructure is rationally designed between conductive 1T phase tungsten disulfide@carbonized silk (1T-WS2@CSilk) and carbon black@cotton (CB@Cotton) fabrics with an asymmetric distribution of oxygen-containing functional groups, which enhances the proton concentration gradients toward high-performance wearable HEGs. The vertically staggered 1T-WS2 nanosheet arrays on the CSilk fabric provide abundant hydrophilic nanochannels for rapid carrier transport. Furthermore, the moisture-induced primary battery formed between the active aluminum (Al) electrode and the conductive textiles introduces the desired electric field to facilitate charge separation and compensate for the decreased streaming potential. These devices exhibit a power density of 21.6 µW cm-2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.65 V sustained for over 10 000 s, and a current density of 0.17 mA cm-2. This performance makes them capable of supplying power to commercial electronics and human respiratory monitoring. This study presents a promising strategy for the refined design of wearable electronics.

Vertical Phase-Engineering MoS2 Nanosheet-Enhanced Textiles for Efficient Moisture-Based Energy Generation.

Flexible moisture-electric generators (MEGs) capture chemical energy from atmospheric moisture for sustainable electricity, gaining attention in wearable electronics. However, challenges persist in the large-scale integration and miniaturization of MEGs for long-term, high-power output. Herein, a vertical heterogeneous phase-engineering MoS2 nanosheet structure based silk and cotton were rationally designed and successfully applied to construct wearable MEGs for moisture-energy conversion. The prepared METs exhibit ∼0.8 V open-circuit voltage, ∼0.27 mA/cm2 current density for >10 h, and >36.12 µW/cm2 peak output power density, 3 orders higher than current standards. And the large-scale device realizes a current output of 0.145 A. An internal phase gradient between the 2H semiconductor MoS2 in carbonized silks and 1T metallic MoS2 in cotton fibers enables a phase-engineering-based heterogeneous electric double layer functioning as an equivalent parallel circuit, leading to enhanced high-power output. Owing to their facile customization for seamless adaptation to the human body, we envision exciting possibilities for these wearable METs as integrated self-power sources, enabling real-time monitoring of physiological parameters in wearable electronics.

Stretchable photothermal membrane of NIR-II charge-transfer cocrystal for wearable solar thermoelectric power generation.

Harvesting sunlight into cost-effective electricity presents an enticing prospect for self-powered wearable applications. The photothermal materials with an extensive absorption are fundamental to achieve optical and thermal concentration of the sunlight for efficiency output electricity of wearable solar thermoelectric generators (STEGs). Here, we synthesize an organic charge-transfer (CT) cocrystal with a flat absorption from ultraviolet to second near-infrared region (200 to 1950 nanometers) and a high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of 80.5%, which is introduced into polyurethane toward large-area nanofiber membrane by electrospinning technology. These corresponding membranes demonstrate a high PCE of 73.7% under the strain more than 80%. Sandwiched with carbon nanotube-based thermoelectric fibers, the membranes as stretchable solar absorbers of STEGs could supply a notably increase temperature gradient, processing a maximum output voltage density of 23.4 volts per square meter at 1:00 p.m. under sunlight. This strategy presents an important insight in heat management for wearable STEGs with a desired electricity output.

Organic Bilayer Heterostructures with Built-In Exciton Conversion for 2D Photonic Encryption.

Organic multilayer heterostructures with accurate spatial organization demonstrate strong light-matter interaction from excitonic responses and efficient carrier transfer across heterojunction interfaces, which are considered as promising candidates toward advanced optoelectronics. However, the precise regulation of the heterojunction surface area for finely adjusting exciton conversion and energy transfer is still formidable. Herein, organic bilayer heterostructures (OBHs) with controlled face-to-face heterojunction via a stepwise seeded growth strategy, which is favorable for efficient exciton propagation and conversion of optical interconnects are designed and synthesized. Notably, the relative position and overlap length ratio of component microwires (LDSA /LBPEA = 0.39-1.15) in OBHs are accurately regulated by modulating the crystallization time of seeded crystals, resulting into a tailored heterojunction surface area (R = Loverlap /LBPEA = 37.6%-65.3%). These as-prepared OBHs present the excitation position-dependent waveguide behaviors for optical outcoupling characteristics with tunable emission colors and intensities, which are applied into two-dimensional (2D) photonic barcodes. This strategy opens a versatile avenue to purposely design OBHs with tailored heterojunctions for efficient energy transfer and exciton conversion, facilitating the application possibilities of advanced integrated optoelectronics.

2D/2D Cs0.32 WO3 /CuS Nano-Heterojunctions for Simultaneous High-Efficiency Solar Desalination, Photocatalytic Decontamination, and Electricity Generation.

Desalination and power generation through solar energy harvesting is a crucial technology that can effectively address freshwater shortages and energy crises. However, owing to the complexity of the actual water environment, the thermal output capability of the photothermal material and the functional integration of the evaporation system need urgent improvement, to obtain high-quality fresh water and sufficient electricity. Herein, a 2D/2D cesium tungsten bronze/copper sulfide (2D/2D Cs0.32 WO3 /CuS) nano-heterojunction is developed and it is loaded into a cellulose-based hybrid hydrogel to construct a multifunctional evaporator. Benefiting from the more nonradiative recombination centers from deep-level defects, as well as shorter carrier migration distances and higher redox potentials in the Cs0.32 WO3 /CuS nano-heterojunction, this evaporator has a significant improvement in thermal output capacity, enabling both super-efficient seawater evaporation (4.22 kg m-2 h-1 ) and photodegradation of organic pollutants (removal rate ≈ 99%). Moreover, the evaporator exhibits long-term stability and sustainable self-cleaning property against salt accumulation. Remarkably, the thermoelectric module based on the Cs0.32 WO3 /CuS nano-heterojunction shows promising electricity generation performance (4.85 W m-2 ), which can power small appliances durably and stably, exceeding previously reported similar devices. This 2D/2D heterojunction-based solar evaporation system will provide a more reliable solution for efficient and sustainable freshwater-electricity co-generation in resource-limited areas.

Oriented Self-Assembly of Hierarchical Branch Organic Crystals for Asymmetric Photonics.

Organic hierarchical branch micro/nanostructures constituted by single crystals with inherent multichannel characteristics exhibit superior potential in regulating photon transmission for photonic circuits. However, organic branch micro/nanostructures with precise branch positions are extremely difficult to achieve due to the randomness of the nucleation process. Herein, by taking advantage of the dislocation stress field-impurity interaction that solute molecules deposit preferentially along the dislocation line, twinning deformation was introduced into microcrystals to induce oriented nucleation sites, and ultimately organic branch microstructures with controllable branch sites were fabricated. The growth mechanism of these controllable single crystals with an angle of 140° between trunk and branch is attributed to the low lattice mismatching ratio (η) of 4.8%. These as-prepared hierarchical branch single crystals with asymmetrical optical waveguide characteristics have been demonstrated as an optical logic gate with multiple input/out channels, which provides a route to command the nucleation sites and offers potential applications in the organic optoelectronics at the micro/nanoscale.

Thermochromic Ni(II) Organometallics With High Optical Transparency and Low Phase-Transition Temperature for Energy-Saving Smart Windows.

Thermochromic smart windows with rational modulation in indoor temperature and brightness draw considerable interest in reducing building energy consumption, which remains a huge challenge to meet the comfortable responsive temperature and the wide transmittance modulation range from visible to near-infrared (NIR) light for their practical application. Herein, a novel thermochromic Ni(II) organometallic of [(C2 H5 )2 NH2 ]2 NiCl4 for smart windows is rationally designed and synthesized via an inexpensive mechanochemistry method, which processes a low phase-transition temperature of 46.3 °C for the reversible color evolution from transparent to blue with a tunable visible transmittance from 90.5% to 72.1%. Furthermore, cesium tungsten bronze (CWO) and antimony tin oxide (ATO) with excellent NIR absorption in 750-1500 and 1500-2600 nm are introduced in the [(C2 H5 )2 NH2 ]2 NiCl4 -based smart windows, realizing a broadband sunlight modulation of a 27% visible light modulation and more than 90% of NIR shielding ability. Impressively, these smart windows demonstrate stable and reversible thermochromic cycles at room temperature. Compared with the conventional windows in the field tests, these smart windows can significantly reduce the indoor temperature by 16.1 °C, which is promising for next-generation energy-saving buildings.

MXene-Decorated Smart Textiles with the Desired Mid-Infrared Emissivity for Passive Personal Thermal Management.

Multifunctional and long-term stable wearable heating systems have attracted extensive attention from experts, yet smart textiles that only rely on harvesting the body's heat without additional energy still face huge challenges in practical applications. Herein, we rationally prepared the monolayer MXene Ti3C2Tx nanosheets via an in situ hydrofluoric acid generation method, which was further employed to construct a wearable heating system of MXene @ polyester polyurethane blend fabrics (MP textile) for the passive personal thermal management through a simple spraying process. Owing to the unique two-dimensional (2D) structure, the MP textile presents the desired mid-infrared emissivity, which could efficiently suppress the thermal radiation loss from the human body. Notably, the MP textile with an MXene concentration of 28 mg/mL exhibits a low mid-infrared emissivity of 19.53% at 7-14 µm. Significantly, these prepared MP textiles demonstrate an enhanced temperature of more than 6.83 °C compared with those of favorably traditional fabrics, involving the black polyester fabric, pristine polyester polyurethane blend fabric (PU/PET), and cotton, suggesting a charming indoor passive radiative heating performance. The temperature of real human skin covered by MP textile is 2.68 °C higher than that covered by cotton fabric. Impressively, these prepared MP textiles simultaneously possess attractive breathability, moisture permeability, mechanical strength, and washability, which provide new insight into human body temperature regulation and physical health.

Organic Photothermal Cocrystals: Rational Design, Controlled Synthesis, and Advanced Application.

Organic photothermal cocrystals, integrating the advantages of intrinsic organic cocrystals and the fascinating photothermal conversion ability, hold attracted considerable interest in both basic science and practical applications, involving photoacoustic imaging, seawater desalination, and photothermal therapy, and so on. However, these organic photothermal cocrystals currently suffer individual cases discovered step by step, as well as the deep and systemic investigation in the corresponding photothermal conversion mechanisms is rarely carried out, suggesting a huge challenge for their further developments. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to investigate and explore the rational design and synthesis of high-performance organic photothermal cocrystals for future applications. This review first and systematically summarizes the organic photothermal cocrystal in terms of molecular classification, the photothermal conversion mechanism, and their corresponding applications. The timely interpretation of the cocrystal photothermal effect will provide broad prospects for the purposeful fabrication of excellent organic photothermal cocrystals toward great efficiency, low cost, and multifunctionality.

Enantioselective resolution of (R,S)-DMPM to prepare (R)-DMPM by an adsorbed-covalent crosslinked esterase PAE07 from Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum WZZ003.

(R)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) aminopropionic acid methyl ester ((R)-DMPM) is an important chiral intermediate of the fungicide N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester ((R)-Metalaxyl). In this study, (1) D3520 (macroporous acrylic anion resin), selected from the ten resins, was used to immobilize the esterase from Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum WZZ003 (PAE07) for resoluting the (R,S)-DMPM to obtain (R)-DMPM. (2) Up to 20 g/L PAE07 could be immobilized onto D3520 with a high enzymatic activity of 32.4 U/g. Moreover, the Km and Vmax values of 19.1 mM and 2.8 mM/min for D3520-immobilized PAE07 indicated its high activity and stereoselectivity. (3) The optimal temperature and pH for the immobilized PAE07 were 40 ℃ and 8.0, and substrate concentration was up to 0.35 M. After 15 h reaction, the conversion rate from (R,S)-DMPM to (R)-DMPM was 48.0% and the e.e.p and E values were 99.5% and 1393.0, respectively. In scale-up resolution, 200 g/L substrate and 12.5 g immobilized esterase PAE07 condition, a conversion rate from substrate to product of 48.1% and a product e.e.p of 98% were obtained within 12 h, with the activity of immobilized PAE07 retained 80.2% after 5 cycles of reactions. These results indicated that the D3520-immobilized esterase PAE07 had great potential for enzymatic resolution of (R,S)-DMPM to prepare (R)-Metalaxyl.

Circulating exosomal lncRNA contributes to the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury in rats.

Exosome-derived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are extensively engaged in recovery and repair of the injured spinal cord, through different mechanisms. However, to date no study has systematically evaluated the differentially expressed lncRNAs involved in the development of spinal cord injury. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify key circulating exosome-derived lncRNAs in a rat model of spinal cord injury and investigate their potential actions. To this end, we established a rat model of spinal cord hemisection. Circulating exosomes were extracted from blood samples from spinal cord injury and control (sham) rats and further identified through Western blotting and electron microscopy. RNA was isolated from the exosomes and sequenced. The enrichment analysis demonstrated that there were distinctively different lncRNA and mRNA expression patterns between the two groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and Gene Ontology (GO) functional analysis were performed to determine the possible involvements of upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs in various pathways and different biological processes, as well as their cellular locations and molecular functions. Furthermore, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression of five lncRNAs--ENSRN0T00000067908, XR_590093, XR_591455, XR_360081, and XR_346933--was increased, whereas the expression of XR_351404, XR_591426, XR_353833, XR_590076, and XR_590719 was decreased. Of note, these 10 lncRNAs were at the center of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA coexpression network, which also included 198 mRNAs and 41 miRNAs. Taken together, our findings show that several circulating exosomal lncRNAs are differentially expressed after spinal cord injury, suggesting that they may be involved in spinal cord injury pathology and pathogenesis. These lncRNAs could potentially serve as targets for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury.

Dynamic Epitaxial Growth of Organic Heterostructures for Polarized Exciton Conversion.

Highly spatial and angular precision in epitaxial-growth process is crucial for constructing organic low-dimensional heterostructures (OLDHs) with the desired substructures, which remains significant challenge owing to the unpredicted location of complex heterogeneous nucleation. Herein, a dynamic epitaxial-growth approach is developed along the tailored longitudinal/horizontal directions to create diverse OLDHs with hierarchical architectures. The controlled morphology evolution of seed crystals from kinetic to thermodynamic species is achieved via incrementally increasing the crystallization time from 0 to 600 s. Accordingly, the kinetic and thermodynamic seed crystals respectively present the specific lattice-matching crystal-planes of (100) and (011), which facilitates the longitudinal epitaxial-growth (LG) process for triblock heterostructures, and the horizontal epitaxial-growth (HG) process for axial-branch heterostructures. The dominant core/shell heterostructures are prepared via both LG and HG processes with a crystallization time of ≈30 s. Significantly, these prepared OLDHs realize the rationally polarized exciton conversion for optical logic gate application through the exciton conversion and photon propagation at the heterojunction. This strategy provides an avenue for the precise synthesis of OLDHs with anisotropy optical characters for integrated optoelectronics.

Intervention effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on myocardial structural remodeling, electrical remodeling and apoptosis in rat heart failure model with preserved ejection fraction / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of percutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on myocardial structural remodeling, electrical remodeling and apoptosis in rats of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and to explore the relationship between this effect and oxidative stress.Methods:The arteriovenous fistula was closed by ligation two weeks after establishment in SD rat.By increasing cardiac volume load in the short term, a rat model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was constructed.Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 10 rats in each group: sham operation group(S), abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava fistula + closure group(AVF+ L), abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava fistula + closure+ percutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation group(AVF+ L+ tVNS)and abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava fistula + closure+ percutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation + acetylcholine M 2 receptor antagonist group(AVF+ L+ tVNS+ M -). Rats in the AVF+ L+ tVNS group received percutaneous vagal nerve stimulation on the basis of those in the AVF+ L group.Rats in the AVF+ L+ tVNS+ M - group received daily injection of acetylcholine M 2 receptor antagonist mesotramine(0.5mg/Kg)into tail vein on the basis of those in the AVF+ L+ tVNS group.The parameters of cardiac structural remodeling and electrical remodeling in each group were obtained by cardiac ultrasound and cardiac electrophysiological stimulator.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the values of B-type natriuretic peptide precursor(NT-proBNP)and oxidative stress-related indicators in each group.hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the damage of myocardial structure, disorder of cell arrangement and infiltration of inflammatory cells.Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was observed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining and apoptosis index was calculated.reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of B cell lymphoma / leukemia-2(BCL-2)and apoptosis promoting gene(BAX)in BCL-2 gene family. Results:The rats in the AVF + L group developed heart failure characterized by ventricular wall hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, and the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)was >50 %.The rat heart failure model with preserved ejection fraction was successfully established.HE staining showed that the myocardial tissue structure damage, cell arrangement disorder and inflammatory cell infiltration were obvious in AVF+ L group, while the pathological changes of myocardial tissue in AVF+ L+ tVNs were significantly less than those in AVF+ L group.Compared with AVF+ L group, in the AVF+ L+ tVNs, the value of NT-proBNP decreased[(301.25 ± 16.07)ng/L vs.(79.33±5.63)ng/L, P<0.05], the value of E/A increased(1.28 ± 0.06 vs.1.66 ±0.05, P<0.05), the expression of BCL-2 mRNA[0.08(0.07, 0.08) vs.0.70(0.64, 0.76), P<0.05]and BCL-2 protein(0.19±0.03 vs.0.46±0.04, P<0.05)both increased, the expression of BAX mRNA(5.00±0.32 vs.2.14±0.36, P<0.05)and BAX protein(0.76±0.04 vs.0.43±0.05, P<0.05)both decreased, while the apoptotic index was also decreased(16.26±0.32 vs.7.04±0.24, P<0.05). Compared with AVF + L group, the indexes of myocardial structural remodeling, electrical remodeling and oxidative stress were decreased in AVF + L + tVNs group(P<0.05). Compared with AVF + L group, there was no significant difference in the above indexes in AVF + L + tVNS + M - group( P>0.05). Conclusions:tVNS can alleviate myocardial structural remodeling, electrical remodeling and apoptosis in HFpEF rats, which may be related to the reduction of oxidative stress response activity.

Cloning and expression analysis of superoxide dismutase SmMSD2 gene from Salvia miltiorrhiza / 药学学报

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a key enzyme that scavenge superoxide anion free radical (O2·-) in vivo, and plays an important role in plant growth and development and stress. In this study, according to the genome and transcriptome data of Salvia miltiorrhizae, 9 SOD genes were identified and the expression patterns of SOD family genes were further analyzed, including 5 Cu/Zn-SOD, 2 Fe-SOD and 2 Mn-SOD. On the basis of proteomic analysis, combined with transcriptome data, one full-length cDNA of Mn-SOD gene, namely SmMSD2 was cloned from Salvia miltiorrhizae. The results of amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that SmMSD2 protein belongs to the manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) subfamily, and SmMSD2 protein shares high sequence identity with the Mn-SOD proteins of various plants that all contain a C-terminal conserved metal-binding domain "DVWEHAYY". The prokaryotic expression vector pMAL-c2X-SmMSD2 was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21 expressing strain, and the target recombinant protein was successfully induced and its enzymatic properties were analyzed. Spatiotemporal expression analysis showed that SmMSD2 gene was expressed in all tissues, indicating that SmMSD2 gene was constitutively expressed at a stable level. Real-time quantitative PCR indicated that drought (15% PEG6000), abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) could induce the expression of SmMSD2 gene, suggesting that SmMSD2 may be involved in the response of Salvia miltiorrhizae to abiotic stress such as drought, as well as the signaling pathways of phytohormone ABA and IAA. These results lay the foundation for further elucidating the involvement of superoxide dismutase in the stress response and accumulation of active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza.