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Objective:To construct the molecular transmission network of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic strains in northern Zhejiang Province (Jiaxing City and Huzhou City) and to explore the HIV-1 transmission characteristics in this region.Methods:A total of 371 newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in Jiaxing City and Huzhou City in 2017 were included as study subjects, and the blood samples were collected and the basic demographic and epidemiological information were obtained. RNA in plasma was extracted, and the pol region gene sequence was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to construct phylogenetic tree for identifying subtypes. The pairwise genetic distances were calculated, and the optimal threshold of genetic distance was selected, and finally the molecular transmission network was constructed. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The pol region gene sequences of 336 samples were successfully obtained, and 11 subtypes were detected, mainly including circulating recombinant form (CRF)07_BC (40.8%, 137/336) and CRF01_AE (31.2%, 105/336). Based on the 1.0% genetic distance threshold, the molecular transmission network of HIV-1 was plotted. A total of 38 transmission clusters (cluster sizes ranging from two to 28) including 119 patients were found, with males predominantly (82.4%, 98/119) and most of the patients aged over 40 (include 40) years old (52.9%, 63/119), mainly infected with CRF07_BC subtype (57.1%, 68/119) and CRF01_AE (24.4%, 29/119). The clustering rate of CRF07_BC (49.6%, 68/137) was significantly higher than that of CRF01_AE (27.6%, 29/105), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=5.27, P=0.022). Two large clusters C1 (28 cases) and C2 (11 cases) were identified, the majority of which were men who have sex with men (17 cases and seven cases, respectively). High-risk cases generally sought sexual partners in local or nearby cities through mobile phone dating software, of which the infected sequences mostly had high homology with other economic developed regions (Guangdong Province, Beijing City and Hangzhou City, etc.). Conclusions:The HIV-1 subtypes are diverse in Jiaxing City and Huzhou City, mainly CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE. The HIV-1 transmission networks are complex, among which high-risk cases may be the key factor leading to the HIV-1 epidemic in the region. Therefore, it is urgent to deepen the transmission network monitoring and formulate timely precise intervention and prevention strategies.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of one large HIV molecular transmission cluster in Jiaxing city,Zhejiang province,2017 in order to select those people under high-risk and providing basis for programs on prevention.Methods During 2017,newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in this city were recruited.Plasma samples were collected from subjects,followed by RNA extraction,RT-PCR and nest-PCR for pol gene amplification,before being sequenced and aligned.Mega 6.0 software was used to construct phylogenetic tree,and Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used to identify HIV molecular transmission clusters.Cases within the large transmission clusters were investigated,using a field-epidemiology-questionnaire.Data related to socio-demographics and previous sexual behaviors were collected and EpiData 3.0 and SPSS 20.0 software were used.Results In the large transmission cluster with subtype identified as CRF07_BC,in Jiaxing,2017,26 cases of the total 30 cases were investigated.A total of 80.8％ (21/26) could be identified as newly infected within the last two years and 30.8％(8/26) could be identified as newly infected within the last one year,including 22 cases infected locally.Among several infected cases who were at age 45 years or older,they admitted that they had experienced unprotected sexual contacts in local city for long time and having had more than 10 disclosed sexual contacts within the last two years at the local venues.Conclusions This molecular cluster had been formed and scaled up quickly in recent two years,it has played an important role in promoting and scaling up the HIV transmission.Three cases identificed as high risk played an importantrde role in scaling up this cluster.
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Objective@#Using field epidemiological investigation and molecular analysis to construct the molecular transmission network of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases (HIV/AIDS) newly diagnosed in Huzhou in 2017, Zhejiang Province.@*Methods@#A total of 160 participants were obtained through a web-based system from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) with the features of diagnosed in Huzhou in 2017 who also had been collected samples for the first follow-up. The basic information of demographic characteristics and risk factors was extracted from the website. RNA was extracted from plasma samples of untreated cases, followed by RT-PCR and nest-PCR for pol gene amplification, sequencing. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA software for HIV gene subtyping. TN93 model was used for calculating the distance between two sequences. Cytoscape software was used for drawing molecular transmission network. And then an epidemiological survey was conducted to cases in the primary cluster.@*Results@#A total of 138 sequenced individuals (86.3%) were acquired from 160 individuals. Among which, 123 (89.1%) were male. The highest proportion of subtype was CRF07_BC (60, 43.5%), followed by CRF01_AE (46, 33.3%), and with four cases of Unique Recombinant Form (URF, CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC) and one case of URF (subtype B and C). A total of 18 molecular clusters included 56 individuals (40.6%) were found in the transmission network under the optimal genetic distance threshold (1.0%). The clustering proportion of CRF07_BC (66.1%, 37 cases) was higher than that of CRF01_AE. There were 9 clusters formed among CRF07_BC, including 37 cases (accounting for 61.7%, 37/60). The primary transmission cluster contained 11 cases, among which 9 cases were transmitted by homosexual sex. The first time of the cases to have homosexual behavior is range from 2010 to 2016, whose media number (P25, P75) of partners was 6 (3.5, 8.5). Most of the cases come from Anhui Province and engaged in garment industry (5 cases), between which there were 8 cases used Blued software to seek for casual partners, 1 case seeking for casual partners in garden.@*Conclusion@#With CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE predominantly circulating, HIV genetic diversity had been noticed in this area. The primary cluster was consisted of high proportion of locally new infections, and a specific population aggregation in limited place existed.
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Objective@#To understand the situation and influencing factors related to the promotion of HIV testing program among sex partners in newly diagnosed HIV positive MSM in Zhejiang province during 2015 to 2017.@*Methods@#Newly diagnosed HIV positive MSM in Zhejiang province from 2015 to 2017 were collected and provided four rounds of testing services to their sexual partners so as to study the consequences. Chi-square test was conducted to compare the difference between groups while multivariate logistic regression was conducted to analyze the related influencing factors.@*Results@#A total of 6 269 HIV positive MSM were provided with four rounds of testing services to their sexual partners. 1 925 HIV positive MSM (30.7%, 1 925/6 269) were successfully persuaded in mobilizing their sexual partners to participate in the HIV testing services. However, 4 344 HIV positive MSM (69.3%, 4 344/6 269) refused to do so. A total of 2 126 sexual partners received HIV testing and the HIV positive rates of those sexual partners appeared as 13.0% (277/2 126, 95%CI:11.6%-14.5%) and 78.7% (218/277, 95%CI: 73.8%-83.6%). Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that factors as: HIV positive MSM that participated in the study in 2016 (compared with participated in the study in 2015, OR=1.581, 95%CI: 1.370-1.823), in 2017 (compared with participated in the study in 2015, OR=1.394, 95%CI: 1.208-1.608), living in the reporting city (compared with lived outside the reporting city, OR=1.518, 95%CI: 1.320-1.745), being married (compared with unmarried/divorced/widowed, OR=4.449, 95%CI: 3.837-5.160), having education level of junior high school or below (compared with education level of senior high school or above, OR=1.203, 95%CI: 1.058-1.367), numbers of homosexual partners >5, (compared with numbers of homosexual partner from past between 1-5, OR=1.236, 95%CI: 1.095-1.395), active detection (compared with passive detection, OR=1.340, 95%CI: 1.193-1.506) were more likely to relate to the successful persuasion on their sexual partners to receive the HIV testing. There was no statistical difference noticed between HIV-infected homosexual partners and their corresponding HIV positive MSM, in terms of socio-demographic situations.@*Conclusions@#HIV positive MSM should promote their sexual partners to receive HIV testing. This seemed an important role in expanding the HIV testing in this population. However, the program needs to be further improved and included in daily work, focusing on those partners with similar social and demographic characteristics with those infected MSM.
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Objective@#To understand the awareness of HIV testing results before having sex among men who have sex with men （MSM） .@*Methods@#The MSM from a gay bar in Zhejiang Province were recruited through convenience sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the information about demographic characteristics,sexual behaviors,awareness of HIV status between sexual partners and HIV testing results during August of the year 2016. The awareness of HIV testing results before having sex among MSM and the influencing factors were analyzed .@*Results@#A total of 124 MSM were recruited in this study,56.56% of whom aged from 25 to 39 years,and 61.29% were single,divorced or widowed. The number of sexual partners they had in the last year ranged from 1 to 40,with median of 8. The MSM who had casual sexual partners accounted for 70.97%. The MSM who had regular HIV testing accounted for 90.32%,yet who would like to share the HIV testing reports with partners only accounted for 18.55%. Whether asking about the HIV status before having sex or not was associated with age,marriage status,the number and characters of sexual partners（P<0.05）. The MSM who were informed of the HIV status of commercial partners,casual partners and regular partners accounted for 0,5.10% and 19.77%,respectively. The main reasons for MSM not knowing about the HIV status of their sexual partners were“condom use would prevent HIV infection”（78.38%）,“never thought about HIV infection”（53.15%）,and “there was no need to ask as the partner looked healthy”（36.94%） .@*Conclusion@#The proportion of MSM who were aware of HIV testing results before having sex was not high and was associated with age,marriage status,the number and characters of sexual partners. Lack of knowledge about HIV infection might contributed to this low proportion.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of one large HIV molecular transmission cluster in Jiaxing city,Zhejiang province,2017 in order to select those people under high-risk and providing basis for programs on prevention.Methods During 2017,newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS cases in this city were recruited.Plasma samples were collected from subjects,followed by RNA extraction,RT-PCR and nest-PCR for pol gene amplification,before being sequenced and aligned.Mega 6.0 software was used to construct phylogenetic tree,and Cytoscape 3.6.0 software was used to identify HIV molecular transmission clusters.Cases within the large transmission clusters were investigated,using a field-epidemiology-questionnaire.Data related to socio-demographics and previous sexual behaviors were collected and EpiData 3.0 and SPSS 20.0 software were used.Results In the large transmission cluster with subtype identified as CRF07_BC,in Jiaxing,2017,26 cases of the total 30 cases were investigated.A total of 80.8％ (21/26) could be identified as newly infected within the last two years and 30.8％(8/26) could be identified as newly infected within the last one year,including 22 cases infected locally.Among several infected cases who were at age 45 years or older,they admitted that they had experienced unprotected sexual contacts in local city for long time and having had more than 10 disclosed sexual contacts within the last two years at the local venues.Conclusions This molecular cluster had been formed and scaled up quickly in recent two years,it has played an important role in promoting and scaling up the HIV transmission.Three cases identificed as high risk played an importantrde role in scaling up this cluster.
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Objective To assess the prevalence of HIV infection and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) living for ≤5 years in Wenzhou of Zhejiang province.Methods MSM who were aged ≥ 16 years,had lived in Wenzhou for ≥3 months and had anal sex and/or oral sex with men in the last 12 months were recruited through respondent-driven sampling (RDS) from February to October in 2015.The MSM recruited completed a questionnaire for the information collection on socio-demographic characteristics,sexual behavior,awareness of HIV and related intervention,mental health status.Blood samples were collected from them for serological detection of HIV and syphilis antibodies.Software SPSS 18.0 was used to analyze HIV infection and related factors.Results A total of 454 MSM were investigated,108 of them (23.7％) were HIV positive.There were 267 MSM who lived in Wenzhou for ≤5 years,and 73 of them (27.3％) were HIV positive.Most of them were workers and commercial servants aged ≥ 25 years with personal monthly income ＜4 000 yuan and educational level of junior high school or below.According to multiple logistics regression analysis,age of 25-68 years old (OR=12.19,95％CI:2.29-65.02),heterosexual behavior in recent 6 months (OR=0.42,95％CI:0.18-0.96),believing it was possible to be infected with HIV (OR=0.06,95％CI:0.01-0.95),believing it was impossible to be infected with HIV (OR=0.03,95％CI:0.01-0.35) and syphilis status (OR=3.32,95％CI:1.05-10.52) were the risk factors associated with HIV infection.Conclusion Compared with MSM who lived in Wenzhou for ＞ 5 years,MSM who lived in Wenzhou for ≤ 5 years had higher HIV infection rate and higher prevalence of risk behavior.It is necessary to conduct targeted intervention among them.
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Objective To assess the prevalence of HIV infection and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) living for ≤5 years in Wenzhou of Zhejiang province.Methods MSM who were aged ≥ 16 years,had lived in Wenzhou for ≥3 months and had anal sex and/or oral sex with men in the last 12 months were recruited through respondent-driven sampling (RDS) from February to October in 2015.The MSM recruited completed a questionnaire for the information collection on socio-demographic characteristics,sexual behavior,awareness of HIV and related intervention,mental health status.Blood samples were collected from them for serological detection of HIV and syphilis antibodies.Software SPSS 18.0 was used to analyze HIV infection and related factors.Results A total of 454 MSM were investigated,108 of them (23.7％) were HIV positive.There were 267 MSM who lived in Wenzhou for ≤5 years,and 73 of them (27.3％) were HIV positive.Most of them were workers and commercial servants aged ≥ 25 years with personal monthly income ＜4 000 yuan and educational level of junior high school or below.According to multiple logistics regression analysis,age of 25-68 years old (OR=12.19,95％CI:2.29-65.02),heterosexual behavior in recent 6 months (OR=0.42,95％CI:0.18-0.96),believing it was possible to be infected with HIV (OR=0.06,95％CI:0.01-0.95),believing it was impossible to be infected with HIV (OR=0.03,95％CI:0.01-0.35) and syphilis status (OR=3.32,95％CI:1.05-10.52) were the risk factors associated with HIV infection.Conclusion Compared with MSM who lived in Wenzhou for ＞ 5 years,MSM who lived in Wenzhou for ≤ 5 years had higher HIV infection rate and higher prevalence of risk behavior.It is necessary to conduct targeted intervention among them.
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Objective To understand the related factors on previous HIV testing behavior among MSM who visit gay bathroom in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Methods Through time-location sampling (TLS) survey, men who had oral sex or anal sex with men in past 6 months were interviewed in the gay bathroom in Hangzhou from October 2015 to January 2016. Software SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the HIV testing acceptance, sexual behaviors and condom usage of MSM during past 6 months, and χ2 test and logistic regression model were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Our study planned to recruit 480 gay bathroom MSM, due to the unwilling or other factors, 465 MSM were surveyed. A total of 47.3%(220/465) gay bathroom MSM received HIV testing during past 6 months. Multivariate analysis indicated that being married (OR=0.35, 95%CI:0.18-0.69), peer education (OR=4.31, 95%CI:1.32-14.09), homosexual behavior during past 6 months (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.08-3.14), extramarital heterosexual behavior during past 6 months (OR=4.12, 95%CI: 2.45-6.91) might be positive factors related with HIV testing acceptation in MSM. Conclusion Being married, homosexual behavior during past 6 months, extramarital heterosexual behavior, partner education might be the positive factors related with acceptance of HIV testing among gay bathroom MSM. Therefore, peer education needs to be strengthened. HIV testing after high risk sexual behavior needs to be promoted in MSM.
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Objective To understand the related factors on previous HIV testing behavior among MSM who visit gay bathroom in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. Methods Through time-location sampling (TLS) survey, men who had oral sex or anal sex with men in past 6 months were interviewed in the gay bathroom in Hangzhou from October 2015 to January 2016. Software SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze the HIV testing acceptance, sexual behaviors and condom usage of MSM during past 6 months, and χ2 test and logistic regression model were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Our study planned to recruit 480 gay bathroom MSM, due to the unwilling or other factors, 465 MSM were surveyed. A total of 47.3%(220/465) gay bathroom MSM received HIV testing during past 6 months. Multivariate analysis indicated that being married (OR=0.35, 95%CI:0.18-0.69), peer education (OR=4.31, 95%CI:1.32-14.09), homosexual behavior during past 6 months (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.08-3.14), extramarital heterosexual behavior during past 6 months (OR=4.12, 95%CI: 2.45-6.91) might be positive factors related with HIV testing acceptation in MSM. Conclusion Being married, homosexual behavior during past 6 months, extramarital heterosexual behavior, partner education might be the positive factors related with acceptance of HIV testing among gay bathroom MSM. Therefore, peer education needs to be strengthened. HIV testing after high risk sexual behavior needs to be promoted in MSM.
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Objective: To study the mRNA and protein expressions of ICAM 1 and CD44s in non small cell lung cancer as well as nearby normal lung tissue. Methods: RT PCR and SP immunohistochemistry were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of ICAM 1 and CD44s in 42 non small cell lung cancer and nearby normal lung tissue. Results: The expression level of ICAM 1 and CD44s increased in NSCLC tissue than in normal tissue. No correlations were noted in expression of ICAM 1 and CD44s and pathological type, histological differentiation and TNM stage. But there was significant correlation between abnormal expressions of ICAM 1 and CD44s and lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: These results suggest that the level of ICAM 1 and CD44s genes expression in lung cells increases as they progress from normal to the transformed stage, that indicate these two genes are involved in the process of lung cancer development.
