Effects of hydrate inhibitors on the adhesion strengths of sintered hydrate deposits on pipe walls.

The effects of hydrate inhibitors on the adhesion of sintered hydrate deposits on pipe walls are still unexplored. Herein, a custom-built adhesion strength measurement apparatus was utilized to quantify the adhesion strengths of sintered cyclopentane (CyC5) hydrate deposits with thermodynamic inhibitors (ethylene glycol, glycerol) and low-dosage inhibitors (dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA), sorbitan oleate (Span 80)). It was found that the hydrate adhesion strengths decreased by 69.82%-97.06% and 40.24%-94.36% with the concentration of ethylene glycol and glycerol increased from 2 wt% to 6 wt%, respectively. For DBSA and Span 80, the hydrate adhesion strength increased with concentration less than 0.01 wt% due to the acceleration on hydrate growth. The further increment of concentration leads to a dramatic reduction in adhesion strengths. Furthermore, the relatively large deviations with the predicted strengths led to the discussions of the effects of change in hydrate formation rate, crystal morphology, and also the adaption of the fitting model. Two modified models were proposed to give a better prediction/explanation of the hydrate adhesion with thermodynamic inhibitors and low-dosage inhibitors, respectively. This work provides a fundamental understanding of the adhesion mechanism of hydrate deposits with hydrate inhibitors, which is important in advancing the management of hydrate formation for preventing plugging in pipelines.

Self-focusing length in highly multimode ultra-large-mode-area fibers.

Recent theoretical researches reveal that the self-focusing critical power in the fiber waveguide is identical to that in the bulk medium. However, the delivery of peak power much higher than the self-focusing critical power has been demonstrated experimentally in ultra-large-mode-area fiber (ULMAF). And no experimental observation of self-focusing effect has been reported in recent pulsed fiber laser system whose peak power has reached or even exceeded the critical power. In this paper, we try to address this issue by studying the self-focusing length theoretically in the ULMAF which is highly multimode. Nonlinear beam propagation method employing PÁDE(2,2) approximation is applied in the numerical simulation. The results show that the self-focusing length of the fundamental mode is typically a few millimeters which is almost identical to that in the bulk medium. However, the self-focusing length of the summation of numerous modes can be as long as a few meters.

Weak etalon effect in wave plates can introduce significant FM-to-AM modulations in complex laser systems.

The conversion of frequency modulation to amplitude modulation (FM-to-AM) effect is harmful to the high power laser facility based on the phase modulation technique. The FM-to-AM effect of phase modulation pulse induced by the weak etalon effect in wave plates was investigated theoretically and experimentally. A bulk phase modulator with a modulation frequency of 9.2GHz was employed. The numerical simulation results show that the FM-to-AM effect with a temporal modulation depth of 2.5% and 29.7% on the top of the pulse shape was induced by the weak etalon effect in half-wave plate with thickness of 1mm and residual reflectance ratio of 0.5% for 1 pass and 12 passes respectively. On the same condition, the temporal modulation depth is 3.0% and 23.4% respectively in the experiment. The results are in good agreement with numerical simulation results. To our knowledge, it is the first time to introduce the weak etalon effect in wave plates for a complex phase modulation laser system.

Protective effects of curcumin on lung injury in the liver early ischemia/reperfusion in rats / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore protective effects of curcumin on lung injury in the early hepatic ischemia/reperfsion (reperfusion for 1 and 3 hour) inrats. Methods Wistarratswererandom]y divided into the fo]]owinggroups: GroupA (shamoperation), group B (control group) and group C (cureumin applied). Contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues were determined to evaluate the protective effect of eurcumin on lung injury in the injury of isehemia/ reperfusion. Results Curcumin relieved edema of diaphragmatic wall and exudation of blood cell and white cell in pulmonary alveoli. Curcumin increased the contents of SOD, CAT and decreased contents of MDA, MPO in lung tissue. Conclusion By repressing the generation of oxygen free radical and infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocyte in lung tissue, curcumin can relieve lung injury in the early hepatic ischemia/repeffusion.

Preparation and characterization of silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite porous composite materials / 中国组织工程研究

Silk fibroin (SF) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite powders were synthesized from CaO, H3PO4 and SF solution on the principle of neutralization. SF/HA porous materials were prepared through adding silk short fibers and NaCI particles as reinforcing material and pore-forming agent respectively by isostatic compaction. The structure and mechanical properties of the SF/HA porous materials were investigated. Results indicated that short silk fibers in it could markedly enhance flexural strength and flexural breaking energy. The average pore diameter and porosity could be regulated from 64 μm to183 pm and from 55% to 75% respectively by adding pore-forming agent.

Effect of regenerated silk fibroin film on transcription and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor gene / 生物医学工程学杂志

As a biomaterial to be used for reparation in the case of trauma, the silk fibroin, particularly its effect on the transcription and expression of VEGF gene, is a concern. In this study, the ECV304 cell's growth shape and growth curve on the regenerated silk fibroin film were observed, and its VEGF secretion level was measured by ELISA test. It was found that the regenerated silk fibroin film did not interfere with ECV304 cell's growth and function. The L929 cell transfected with human VEGF gene grew on the regenerated silk fibroin film; the real-time quantitative RT-PCR method and ELISA test were used for detecting the transcription and expression of VEGF gene. The results showed the regenerated silk fibroin film did not interfere with the transcription and expression of VEGF gene. Therefore, the regenerated silk fibroin film is a safe biomaterial for inducing vascularization with no untoward effect on the reparation of trauma.

Coupling method for laser-diode-array end-pumped solid-state amplifiers.

A new coupling method is proposed for high-power laser-diode-array (LDA) end-pumped large-aperture amplifiers. In this method, stacks in the LDA are distributed on a spherical surface, and a hollow duct is placed after them. Both numerical simulations and experimental research have been done for this method. All results show that high coupling efficiency and uniform pumping field can be obtained simultaneously using this method.

Emotional Disorder and Related Psychosocial Factors in Tumor Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the influence of psychosocial factors to emotional disorder of tumor patients. Methods 76 patients with tumor and other 76 patients with tumor were including. All the patients themselves completed once through the following questionnaires: Symptom Check List (SCL-90),Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Life Event Scale (LES). However, Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety rating Scale (HAMA) were measured by the researchers. Results The occurrence rate of depression and anxiety in tumor patients was clearly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), while the negative life event increased. Conclusion The occurrence rate of the emotional disorder among tumor patients is clearly higher than the control group, which may be related with the negative life event.

A multicenter randomized phase II trial of domestic product of nrhTNF in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To evaluate and compare the effects and toxicity of the domestic product of nrhTNF combined with chemotherapy in the trial group and chemotherapy alone in the control group in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety patients with NSCLC in multicenter were randomly devided into trial group and control group. Each group had 45 patients. Chemotherapy with CAP regimen was given for the patients in the trial group. Meanwhile, nrhTNF injection of 4×10⁶U/m ² was also given from the 1st to 7th days, the 11th to 17th days on the chemotherapy course. Twenty-one days were as a cycle, 2 cycles were given each patients. Chemotherapy alone with CAP regimen was given in the control group. The chemothepeutic effects and toxicity were observed and compared between the two groups after the therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 90 patients, 3 cases in each group were out of the trial because of economy. The other 84 cases (each group had 42 patients) could be used to analyze and evaluate the clinical effects and toxicity. The response rate of chemotherapy was 47.62% (20/42) in the trial group and 19.05% (8/42) in the control group (P=0.002) respectively. The KPS was 85.02±10.74 in the trial group, and 81.35±9.63 in the control group (P=0.038). No significant difference of degree III+IV toxicity was observed between the trial group and control group (P > 0.05). The side effects related to nrhTNF included slight fever, cold like symptoms, pain, and red and swelling in injection site. All of them were mild and didn't need any treatment and disappeared after the therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results demonstrate that the effects of domestic nrhTNF combined with chemotherapy can remarkably higher than that of chemotherapy alone in the treatment of NSCLC. It is able to increase the sensitivity to chemotherapy and improve the quality of life of the patients. The toxicity is also slight and is worth to expand clinical use, so as to further evaluate its effect and toxicity.</p>

A multicenter randomized phase III trial of domestic product of rmhTNF in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To evaluate and compare the effects and toxicity of the domestic product of recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor (rmhTNF) combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred patients with NSCLC in multicenter were randomly devided into trial group (150 cases) and control group (50 cases). Chemotherapy with CAP regimen was given to the patients. Meanwhile, rmhTNF injection of 4×10⁶U/m² was also given from the 1st to 7th days, the 11th to 17th days on the chemotherapy cycle in the trial group. The control patients received chemotherapy alone. Twenty-one days were as a cycle, 2 cycles were given to each patient. The chemotherapeutic effects and toxicity were observed and compared between the two groups after the therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>of the 200 patients, 5 cases in the trial group and 3 cases in the control group were out of the trial because of economy. The other 192 cases (145 cases in the trial group and 47 cases in the control group) could be analyzed and evaluated the clinical effects and toxicity. The response rate of chemotherapy was 46.90% (68/145) in the trial group and 17.02% (8/47) in the control group respectively ( P =0.001). The KPS scores was 86.02±9.74 in the trial group, and 80.14±9.10 in the control group ( P =0.025). No significant difference of degree III+IV toxicity was observed between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The side effects related to rmhTNF included slight fever, cold-like symptoms, pain and red and swelling in the injection site. All of them were mild and didn't need any treatment and disappeared after the therapy. There were no severe abnormality of liver and kidney function and ECG in both groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results demonstrate that the effects of domestic rmhTNF combined with chemotherapy are remarkably higher than that of chemotherapy alone in the treatment of NSCLC. rmhTNF can increase the sensitivity to chemotherapy and improve the quality of life of the patients with slight toxicity. Hence rmhTNF is worth expanding clinical use.</p>

Study on Expression of CA153,CEA and Its Clinical Significance in the Patients with Breast Cancer / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of carbohrdyate antigen (CA153 ) and carcinoembryanic antigen(CEA) ,and itsclinical significance in the patients with breast cancer.Methods The sera CA153,CEA levels were determined by IMX in 30 healthypersons,52 patients with benign breast diseases and 208 patients with breast cancer from 1998 to 2002 ,the correlation between the CA153,CEA level and the clinical characteristics was also detected.Results In the patients with breast cancer, the level of serum CA153 and CEA was significant higher in pre-treatment than that in post-treatment(P

The Synthetic Treatment in Vertebral Hemangioma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To assess the efficacy of radiotherapy and synthetic therapy for vertebral hemangiomas.Methods Clinical symptoms,imaging findings,therapeutic methods and following up after treatment in 22 cases with vertebal hemangiomas were retrospectively analyzed.Results Complete relief of symptoms(CR)were occurred in 19 of 22 patients(86.4%) and partial relief(PR)were achieved in 3 of 22 patients(13.6%).There was no obvious complication of radiotherapy and radiation-induced neoplasms.There was no relapse.Conclusion For vertebral hemangioma,the synthetic therapy which includes intenventional therapy before operation as well as radiotherapy after operation is of obvious superiority in relieving compression rapidly,reducing hemorrhage during operation and obtaining good efficacy.

THE OVEREXPRESSION OF APOPTOSIS -RELATED GENES OF P53 AND BCL-2 IN CERVICAL CARCINOMA / 药物分析学报

Objective To investigate the significance of overexpression of P53 and bcl-2 protein in carcinogenesis of cervix. Methods 10 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasis(CIN) and 57 cases of invasive cancer were investigated with immunohistochemistry technique. Results The overexpresion of P53 protein in CIN and cervical cancer was significantly higher than that of control, respectively (P＜0.01). But there was no significant difference between CIN and cervical cancer(P＞0. 05). The immunoreactivity of bcl-2 in CIN was much more higher than that of control (P＜0.05). The positive rate and immunoreactivity of bcl-2 in cervical carcinoma were both remarkably higher than those of control (P＜0. 01) ,but there was no significant difference between CIN and cervical carcinoma (P＞0. 05). It was also found that there was a remarkably positive correlation between the overexpression of bcl-2 and P53 (P＜0.01). Conclusion Because of the loss of wtP53 function,the expression of bcl-2 can not be down-reguated,which is associated with the pathogenesis and development of cervical carcinoma.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SURVIVIN AND BCL-2 EXPRESSION IN CERVICAL CARCINOMAS / 药物分析学报

Objective To study the expression of a novel inhibitor of apptosis and survivin in cervical carcinoma and its relationship to the expression of Bcl-2.Methods Using SP immunohistochemical technique, we examined the expression of survivin and Bcl-2 in 59 cervical invasive squamous cell carcinomas.Results Survivin was expressed in 41 of 59 cases(69.5%) of cervical carcinomas. In contrast, no expression of survivin in normal cervical tissues was observed. Overexpression of survivin was related to the tumor grade and clinical stage. Survivin positive cases were strongly associated with Bcl-2 expression(80% versus 35.7%;P＜0.005).Conclusion Apoptosis inhibition by survivin abnormal expression, alone or in cooperation with Bcl-2, may participate in the onset and progression of cervical carcinoma. Survivin is a new diagnostic/therapeutic target in cervical cancer.

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE HUMAN GASTRIC CARCINOMA CELL AND THE HUMAN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELL / 药物分析学报

Objective To definite the interactions between the human gastric carcinoma cell and the human vascular endothelial cell during the establishment and maintenance of the tumor vascular system and the tumor hematogenous metastasis.Methods We prepared the conditioned mediums of each cell so as to study the effect of the conditioned medium on itself or others by MTT colorimetry. The comprehensive effect of interactions between two cells was determined by stratified transfilter co-culture or direct contact co-culture.Results The conditioned medium of human gastric carcinoma cell can stimulate the proliferation of the human vascular endothelial cell, but the CM of HVEC can inhibit the growth of HGCC. Both kinds of cells can inhibit the growth of itself. The ultimate comprehensive effect of the interactions between two kinds of cells was increase of total cell numbers.Conclusion There exist the complicated interactions between the human gastric carcinoma cell and the human vascular endothelial cell during the tumor angiogenesis and the tumor hematogenous metastasis. The ultimate comprehensive effect of the interactions is increase of total cells numbers and tumor volume.

Screen-Printing Enzyme Electrode-Immobilizing the Enzyme with Silk Fibroin / 分析化学

This paper reports the technique to develop a disposable screen-printing base carbon electrode for the utilization in the study of enzyme electrode. The silk fibroin was applied to immobilize the mushroom extracted protein, which contained abundant polyphenol oxidase, on the surface of base electrode when it was chemically moldified by ferrocene. The voltammetric current of this enzyme electrode responded to the concentration of substrate such as catechol or dopamine. The linear range is from 2.0× 10-8 mol/L to 2.0× 10-2 mol/L, it reaches to a 95%steady value of current within less than 30 seconds, and the RSD equals to 2.7%. The service life of this enzyme electrode is at least 10 days and it will be preserved for a longer period at a humid and cool condition. All of these performances of the enzyme electrode make clear that its commercial development would be very possible.

Radiotherapy Combing with Interventional Chemotherapy in Treating Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of radiotherapy combing with super selective esophageal intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy in advanced esophageal carcinoma. Methods 38 cases with medial or late stage of esophageal carcinoma wererandomly divided into two groups,the one group was treated with radiotherapy as the sole measure of treatment,while the other group was treated with radiotherapy combing with super selective esophageal intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy. All the patients were followed up within 3 to 24 months. Results In the most cases,the clinical symptoms and X-ray findings were improved obviously after treatment. But the rate of grade Ⅰof radiography was different obviously between two groups after different treatments.Conclusion Radiotherapy combing with interventional chemotherapy can increase drug concentration locally and therefore, has a better drug effect. On the other hand, it candecrease toxic reaction and can also decrease tumor volume effectively. So it can be a effective stratagem to those cases of locally advancedesophageal carcinoma which have poor reaction or severe radiotherapy reaction to merely radiotherapy.

The expression of COX-2 and its relationship to the apoptosis and proliferation in colorectal carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the expression level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its effects on cell proliferation activity and apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma. Methods The expression of COX-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptosis in 60 cases of colorectal carcinoma, 20 cases of colorectal adenoma and 20 cases of normal mucous were studied by the immunohistochemical and TUNEL methods, the apoptosis index(AI)and proliferation index(PI) were defined respectively. Results The positive expression rate of COX-2 in colorectal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Overexpression of COX-2 in colorectal carcinoma was related to its lymph node metastasis and the size of tumor and clinical stages. In the group with COX-2 positive expression, PI was higher than that in the group with COX-2 negative expression; whereas AI was higher in the latter group than in the former group. Conclusions The expression level of COX-2 may have a close correlation with cell proliferation and apoptosis, they may participate in oncogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma.

Influence of Anxiety and Depression in Digestive system Cancer Patients' Prognosis / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To study the effect of anxiety and depression in 46 digestive system cancer patients' prognosis.Methods:The differences of SDS mark?SAS mark and ≥ 50 mark percentage were compared between patients and common mould in nationwide adopting SDS and SAS,moreover the prognosis was compared between varying degrees of anxiety and depression in patients.Results:The SDS mark?SAS mark and ≥ 50 mark percentage in patients were obviously higher than that in common mould in nationwide;the patients with anxiety and depression had bad prognosis.Conclusion:The results suggest that anxiety and deprssion is common feeling in digestive system cancer patients and seriously influence the patients' prognosis,psychotherapy must be conducted and it may contribute to improve the patient's prognosis.

Experimental study on the anticancer effect of Curcumine on mice of S180 in vivo / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To study Curcumine's growth-inhibitory effects and morphological changes on sarcoma grafts of S180 mice,with further inquiry into the possible mechanism.Methods A total of 30 cases of S180 mice were assigned randomly into 3 groups: saline group(blank control),CTX group(positive controlled) and Curcumine group.① The anti-tumor effect on internal organ of mice was observed to study the tumor inhibition rate in different groups.② Influence of curcumine on mice's immune system was studied by comparing the index of thymus and spleen.③ The growth and patho-morphologic changes of tumor cells were observed.④To calculate the index of apoptosis cells and observe the morphological changes of all groups' apoptosis cells under electroscope.Results ① The inhibitory rate was 68.32% in the curcumine group,70.43% in the positive controlled group.Compared to blank control group, these two groups had significantly elevated tumor inhibition rate(P0.05);however,positive thymus index in control group had significant decrease compared with that in the other two groups(P0.05).③ Under electroscope,curcumine group and positive control group had significant decrease in growth of tumor,degree of tumor infiltration,number of nucleus fission,and blood vessel number compared to those in negative control group(P