Peculiarities of high-pressure hydrogen adsorption on Pt catalyzed Cu-BTC metal-organic framework.

Hydrogen adsorption ability is a key parameter characterizing advanced porous materials. Herein, the influence of platinum catalyst on the interaction of Cu-BTC with hydrogen is thoroughly investigated using volumetric measurements, calorimetric titration, XRD, and IR- and EPR spectroscopy. The first hydrogen adsorption by the Cu-BTC + Pt/C composite leads to an irreversible chemical reaction related to the formation of structural defects during synthesis. This process results in a partial reduction of Cu2+ to Cu0 and is accompanied by a decrease in the specific surface area and the appearance of additional mesopores. The following hydrogen adsorption-desorption cycles are completely reversible and reproducible. Besides, the Pt-containing material maintains a positive trend in excess adsorption up to ultra-high pressures in contrast with pristine Cu-BTC. Above 300-400 bars, it demonstrates a significant superiority in hydrogen capacity over the catalyst-free MOF. The possible nature of such a peculiar phenomenon is suggested.

Toxicity of monazite particulates and its attenuation with a complex of bio-protectors.

BACKGROUND: Workers employed on mining, processing and storage of monazite are at risk of exposure to dust with expected adverse health effects. OBJECTIVES: To study the adverse health effects of monazite particles in experiments on rats and to test the possibility of attenuating these effects. METHODS: Outbred white rats were injected intratracheally with a suspension of ground monazite concentrate (MC) in order to investigate the cellular response of the lower airways 24 hours later and the organism's status 6 months after the injection. The bio-protective complex (BPC) tested in these experiments consisted of glutamate, an iodine preparation, methionine, a polyvitamin-polymineral composition, and/or "Eicosavitol" (fish oil preparation rich in PUFA, predominantly of the omega 3-group). Bio-protectors were administered together with the rat food and drink daily for one month before the MC injection in the short-term experiment, or over 6 months after such injection in the long-term experiment. RESULTS: MC induced manifestations of its cytotoxicity, fibrogenicity and systemic toxicity as well as genotoxicity. The tested BPC attenuated virtually all these effects. Although a similar protective potential of "Eicosavitol" against almost all of them was lower compared with that of BPC, combining BPC with "Eicosavitol" provided, as a rule, the greatest protective effect. CONCLUSION: It may be assumed that the many-sided adverse effects of MC on the organism is due, at least partially, to the presence in its composition of not only rare earth elements but also of natural radioisotopes of the thorium and uranium families. The combination of the bio-protectors tested was highly effective and may be recommended for administering in periodic preventive programmes to exposed workers.

[Harmful effects of electrocorporal shock-wave lithotripsy]. / Povrezhdaiushchie deistviia distantsionnoi udarno-volnovoi litotripsii.

Negative effects of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ECSWL) were analysed in 101 patients aged 20 to 72 years. Urinary hemoglobin rise was found in all the patients. Protein levels rose if the calculi were located in the kidneys and low ureter. A 5-fold rise in plasma free hemoglobin in any position of the concrement indicates intravascular hemolysis as ECSWL hazards. Thus, ECSWL seems to damage stone-adjacent tissues and induce a general hematological reaction.

[Injuries of the ducts in surgery of the biliary tract]. / Povrezhdenie protokov v khirurgii zhelchnykh putei.

The authors analysed 92 reconstructive and restorative operations on the biliary tract injured at a high level during emergency operations. Such complications occur most frequently when the surgeon is insufficiently experienced or due to unavailability or incomplete use of the radiological method of intraoperative diagnostics. The expediency of reinfusion of the lost bile into the gastrointestinal tract in the diagnosis of injury to the biliary tract is pointed out. It is emphasized that patients must be transferred early to a specialized medical establishment for a reconstructive operation. The creation of hepato-digestive anastomoses on a transhepatic drain produces better results than the other drainage methods. In the group of 92 patients 77 recovered and 15 died in different periods after the operation.

[The late results after rehabilitative and reconstructive operations on the bile ducts]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty posle vypolneniia vosstanovitel'nykh i rekonstruktivnykh operatsii na zhelchnykh protokakh.

Of 7000 patients operated on biliary ducts in 622 the recovering and reconstructive interventions were conducted. Late follow-up result was studied in 313 (51%) patients. Good result was noted in 179 (57.7%) patients, fair--in 99 (32.2%), poor--in 35 (10.1%) in terms from 3 months till 17 years. In patients operated on for the "forgotten" biliary ducts concrements, frequently combined with stenosis of common biliary duct terminal portion, most frequently good and fair result was noted. Late follow-up result of reconstructive operations using external transhepatic carcass drainage was significantly better than after application of other methods of correction for high stricture and injury of biliary ducts.

[Chronic gastritis in patients following cholecystectomy]. / O khronicheskom gastrite u bol'nykh posle kholetsistéktomii.

A study of 198 patients with chronic gastritis after cholecystectomy revealed that chronic gastritis occurred in 2.6-4.5% of patients with benign diseases of the biliary tract and postcholecystectomy syndrome that were not diagnosed before surgery. Gastric disorders should be considered in the complex of rehabilitation measures after cholecystectomy. Treatment in a gastroenterological department and at health resort will improve long-term results.

[Acute gastrectasia]. / Ob ostrom rasshirenii zheludka

The authors report their 20 observations of acute gastrectasia. An importance of early diagnosis of this pathology is emphasized, and due attention should be given to a proper interpretation of the observed symptoms. Also, the authors stress the importance of decompensated pyloric stenosis in the development of acute gastrectasia. It is concluded that in early diagnosis of acute gastric dilation the complex conservative therapy with a mandatory gastric sounding, correction of hydroelectrolytic disorders and patients' being in Shnitzler-Diterichs posture are of primary importance. In case of failure of this therapy and for intraoperative establishing of the diagnosis of acute gastrectasia gastrostomy may be performed.