Mediterranean Diet and Healthy Eating in Subjects with Prediabetes from the Mollerussa Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

We aimed to assess differences in dietary patterns (i.e., Mediterranean diet and healthy eating indexes) between participants with prediabetes and those with normal glucose tolerance. Secondarily, we analyzed factors related to prediabetes and dietary patterns. This was a cross-sectional study design. From a sample of 594 participants recruited in the Mollerussa study cohort, a total of 535 participants (216 with prediabetes and 319 with normal glucose tolerance) were included. The alternate Mediterranean Diet score (aMED) and the alternate Healthy Eating Index (aHEI) were calculated. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed. There was no difference in the mean aMED and aHEI scores between groups (3.2 (1.8) in the normoglycemic group and 3.4 (1.8) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.164 for the aMED and 38.6 (7.3) in the normoglycemic group and 38.7 (6.7) in the prediabetes group, p = 0.877 for the aHEI, respectively). Nevertheless, women had a higher mean of aMED and aHEI scores in the prediabetes group (3.7 (1.9), p = 0.001 and 40.5 (6.9), p < 0.001, respectively); moreover, they had a higher mean of aHEI in the group with normoglycemia (39.8 (6.6); p = 0.001). No differences were observed in daily food intake between both study groups; consistent with this finding, we did not find major differences in nutrient intake between groups. In the multivariable analyses, the aMED and aHEI were not associated with prediabetes (odds ratio (OR): 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75-1.87; p = 0.460 and OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 0.83-2.10; p = 0.246, respectively); however, age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.02-1.05; p < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.27-3.22; p = 0.003) and body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.14; p < 0.001) were positively associated with prediabetes. Physical activity was associated with a lower frequency of prediabetes (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.31-0.72; p = 0.001). In conclusion, subjects with prediabetes did not show a different dietary pattern compared with a normal glucose tolerance group. However, further research is needed on this issue.

Prediabetes Is Independently Associated with Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis: An Observational Study in a Non-Urban Mediterranean Population.

This was a prospective, observational study to compare the burden of subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by carotid ultrasonography in a cohort of subjects with prediabetes vs. subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) from a non-urban Mediterranean population. Atherosclerosis was assessed through carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), the presence/absence of carotid plaques, and plaque number. Among 550 subjects included, 224 (40.7%) had prediabetes. The mean c-IMT and the prevalence of carotid plaque were significantly higher in the prediabetes group compared to the NGT group (0.72 vs. 0.67 mm, p < 0.001; and 37.9% vs. 19.6%; p < 0.001, respectively). Older age, male gender, and increased systolic blood pressure were positively correlated with c-IMT and were independent predictors of the presence of plaques. In contrast, prediabetes and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-c were predictors of the presence of plaque (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05-2.57; p = 0.03 and OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00-1.02; p = 0.006, respectively) together with tobacco exposure and the leukocyte count (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.08-2.89; p = 0.023 and OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05-1.38; p = 0.008, respectively). In a non-urban Mediterranean population, prediabetes was associated with established subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. These findings could have implications for the prevention and treatment of CV risk in these subjects before the first symptoms of cardiovascular disease appear.

Prevalence of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in the Mollerussa prospective observational cohort study in a semi-rural area of Catalonia.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes in the healthy population in the Mollerussa cohort. As a secondary objective, to identify the variables associated with these conditions and to describe the changes in glycaemic status after 1 year of follow-up in subjects with pre-diabetes. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: General population from a semi-rural area. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 583 participants without a diagnosis of diabetes recruited between March 2011 and July 2014. RESULTS: The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 20, 3.4% (95% CI 2.6 to 4.2) and that of pre-diabetes was 229, 39.3% (37.3 to 41.3). Among those with pre-diabetes, 18.3% had isolated impaired fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (FPG: 100 to <126 mg/dL), 58.1% had isolated impaired glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (HbA1c 5.7 to <6.5) and 23.6% fulfilled both criteria. Follow-up data were available for 166 subjects; 41.6%(37.8 to 45.4) returned to normoglycaemia, 57.6% (57.8 to 61.4) persisted in pre-diabetes and 0.6% (0 to 1.2) progressed to diabetes. Individuals with pre-diabetes had worse cardiometabolic risk profiles and sociodemographic features than normoglycaemic subjects. In the logistic regression model, variables significantly associated with pre-diabetes were older age (OR; 95% CI) (1.033; 1.011 to 1.056), higher physical activity (0.546; 0.360 to 0.827), body mass index (1.121; 1.029 to 1.222) and a family history of diabetes (1.543; 1.025 to 2.323). The variables significantly associated with glycaemic normalisation were older age (0.948; 0.916 to 0.982) and body mass index (0.779; 0.651 to 0.931). CONCLUSIONS: Among adults in our region, the estimated prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3.4% and that of pre-diabetes was 39.3%. After a 1-year follow-up, a small proportion of subjects (0.6%) with pre-diabetes progressed to diabetes, while a high proportion (41.6%) returned to normoglycaemia. Individuals with pre-diabetes who returned to normoglycaemia were younger and had a lower body mass index.

Prevalence, clinical features and risk assessment of pre-diabetes in Spain: the prospective Mollerussa cohort study.

PURPOSE: The Mollerussa prospective cohort was created to study pre-diabetes in a population-based sample from the primary care setting in the semirural area of Pla d'Urgell in Catalonia (Spain). The aims of the study were to assess the prevalence of pre-diabetes in our population, the likelihood to develop overt diabetes over time and to identify risk factors associated with the progression of the condition. PARTICIPANTS: The cohort includes 594 subjects randomly selected between March 2011 and July 2014 from our primary care population, who were older than 25 years, consented to participate and did not have a recorded diagnosis of diabetes. FINDINGS TO DATE: At baseline, we performed a clinical interview to collect demographic, clinical and lifestyle (including a nutritional survey) characteristics; carotid ultrasound imaging to assess subclinical cardiovascular disease was also performed, and a blood sample was collected, with an overall <5% rate of missing data. An additional blood draw was performed 12 months after initial recruitment to reassess laboratory results in patients initially identified as having pre-diabetes, with an 89.6% retention rate. Several studies investigating various hypotheses are currently ongoing. FUTURE PLANS: All subjects recruited during the cohort creation will be followed long-term through annual extraction of data from health records stored in the electronic Clinical station in Primary Care database. The Mollerussa cohort will thus be a sound population-based sample for multiple future research projects to generate insights into the epidemiology and natural history of pre-diabetes in Spain.

Calidad del sueño del personal asistencial del turno de noche de un hospital de tercer nivel / Quality of sleep among the night shift staff in a third-level hospital

OBJETIVOS: conocer la calidad del sueño en el personal del turno de noche de salas de hospitalización de un hospital de tercer nivel y analizar otras variables que puedan influir en la calidad del sueño. MÉTODO: se realiza un estudio descriptivo transversal sobre una muestra de 108 profesionales asistenciales de Enfermería del turno de noche de un hospital de tercer nivel. Para este estudio se definieron las variables en relación al formulario validado de Pittsburgh, teniendo en cuenta otros factores que pudiesen influir en la calidad del sueño. La antigüedad mínima requerida fue de seis meses y debían haber trabajado en el mes previo a la entrega del cuestionario autoadministrado. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 108 participantes de un total de 150 entregados, lo que supuso una tasa de respuesta del 72% con edades comprendidas entre 22 y 63 años, con una media de 42,24 años (DE: 11,02) y de los cuales 15 (13,9%) son del sexo masculino. La antigüedad media en el turno de noche fue de 17,05 años (DE: 13,23). Del total de las personas encuestadas, 62 personas (57,9%) tienen cargas familiares. En relación a la calidad del sueño del personal del turno de noche se observó que un 64,8% presentó una mala calidad del sueño, con una puntuación media de 7,77 en la escala de Pittsburgh relacionada directamente con sentir dolores (Chi cuadrado 12,05; p= 0,017) y que tenía una escasa relación con la antigüedad trabajada en el turno de noche (correlación Pearson 0,256; p= 0,008). No se pudo encontrar relación entre tener cargas familiares, el sexo ni la edad con la mala calidad del sueño. CONCLUSIONES: los trabajadores del turno de noche del Hospital Clínico de Barcelona tienen discretamente alterada la calidad del sueño, estando afectada sobre todo la calidad subjetiva, la latencia y la alteración del sueño

OBJECTIVES: to learn about the quality of sleep among the night shift staff in hospitalization wards of a Third Level Hospital, and to analyze other variables that can have an impact on quality of sleep. METHOD: a descriptive transversal study was conducted on a sample of 108 Nursing professionals in the night shift of a third level hospital. For this study, variables were defined according to the Pittsburgh Validated Sleep Quality Index, taking into account other factors that could have an impact on the quality of sleep. The minimum work experience required was of six months, and having worked during the month previous to submitting the self-completed questionnaire. Outcomes: out of 150 questionnaires, 108 participants were included; this represented a 72% response rate, with ages between 22 and 63 years, with a mean 42.24 years-of-age (SD: 11.02), and 15 of them (13.9%) were male. There was a mean experience in the night shift of 17.05 years (SD: 13.23). Out of all the persons included in the survey, 62 persons (57.9%) had relatives who depended on them. Regarding the quality of sleep of the night shift staff, it was observed that 64.8% presented a poor quality of sleep, with a mean score of 7.77 in the Pittsburgh score, directly associated with feeling pain (Chi-square Test 12.05; p= 0.017) and that had little association with the number of years working in the night shift (Pearson Correlation 0.256; p= 0.008). The poor quality of sleep could not be associated with having dependent relatives, gender, or age. CONCLUSIONS: the night shift workers at the Hospital Clínico de Barcelona suffer a slight alteration in their quality of sleep, with impact mostly on subjective quality, latency, and sleep alteration

Adolescentes con normopeso y obesidad: análisis de las diferencias en la actividad física, resistencia cardiovascular, características familiares y autoevaluación personal / Adolescents with normal weight and obesity: analysis of differences in physical activity, cardiovascular endurance, in family characteristics and in a personal self-assessment

Introducción: La obesidad en edades pediátricas representa un grave problema de salud pública, siendo una de las causas más importantes de morbilidad prematura evitable. En la prevención y tratamiento de la obesidad juegan un papel importante factores como la actividad física. Dicha actividad física puede estar limitada por la propia condición física, el nivel de motivación o autoestima y por otros factores a nivel familiar. El presente trabajo pretende analizar si existen diferencias entre niños con normopeso y obesos respecto a dichos factores. Material y método: Se estudiaron a 146 adolescentes entre 9 y 14 años (110 obesos y 36 con normopeso). Se analizaron los antecedentes familiares (antropometría y nivel socioeconómico de los padres) y personales, el nivel de autoestima y antropometría de los niños (peso, talla, perímetros y pliegues cutáneos), el nivel de actividad física realizada (test PAQ-A) y la condición física (Test de banco de Astrand). Se compararon los resultados de ambos grupos. Resultados: Los niños obesos son más sedentarios y dedican 62, 6 minutos/semana a actividades deportivas, mientras el grupo con normopeso dedica un 50% más de tiempo a dichas actividades (94,5 minutos/semana). Los adolescentes obesos tienen una peor condición física y menor adaptación cardiovascular al esfuerzo así como una peor opinión sobre si mismos a nivel físico pero también como personas. El IMC y peso de los progenitores es signifi cativamente superior en el grupo de obesos y su nivel socioeconómico y educativo es menor en los padres de dicho grupo. Conclusiones: La menor actividad física de los adolescentes obesos hace prioritaria su promoción en este grupo. Dicha promoción debería estructurarse en programas que tengan en cuenta los aspectos diferenciales de estos adolescentes, que tienen una peor condición física, una menor autoestima y pertenecen a familias con niveles socioeconómicos y formativos más bajos, y unos patrones familiares de obesidad característicos

Introduction: The obesity in paediatric ages represents a serious public health problem, being one of the main causes of avoidable premature morbidity. In preventing of overweight, things like practice of physical activity, the physical fi tness, the motivation, the esteem and the family history, play an important role. This paper pretends to analyze if there are diff erences between kids with normal weight and obese children in those listed things. Material and method: 146 teenagers were studied, between 9 and 14 years old. 110 were obese and 36 were normal weight. The family history was analyzed (anthropometry and parents socioeconomic status), the esteem status and the kids anthropometry (weight, height, perimeters and skinfold) the kids, the physical activity made (PAQ-A test), the physical fi tness (Astrand step test). The results from all the groups were compared. Results: The obese children are more sedentary and they spend 62.6 minutes/week for sport activities, while normal weight ones spend fi fty per cent more to do these activities (94.5 minutes/week). The obese children have a worse physical fitness and also a worse cardiovascular adaptation to physical stress, aboveall, they have a worse opinion about themselves, as well as physical conditions like a persons. The progenitor IMC and weight is over in the overweight kids and the socioeconomic and educational status is lower in obese group. Conclusion: The lower practice of physical activities in the obese group, makes prioritary to promote these group. These promotions should be structured as intervention programs which take care of the diff erences of the obese kids. who present worse esteem, worse physical condition, have a lower socioeconomic and educational level families and have a obesity familiy patterns