The Effects of a Visual Stimuli Training Program on Reaction Time, Cognitive Function, and Fitness in Young Soccer Players.

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether a visual stimuli program during soccer training can affect reaction time (RT), cognitive function, and physical fitness in adolescent soccer players. Thirty-eight male soccer players aged 10−15 were randomly assigned to either the intervention (Group A) or the control group (Group B). At baseline and at the end of the 6-month study FITLIGHT Trainer, the Cognitive Function Scanner Mobile Test Suite, a Virtual Reality (VR) game, and the ALPHA­Fitness and the Eurofit test batteries were used to measure participants' abilities. After the baseline assessment, Group A followed their regular soccer training combined with a visual stimuli program, while Group B continued their regular soccer training program alone for 6 months. At the end of the 6-month study, Group A showed statistically significant improvements in simple RT by 11.8% (p = 0.002), repeated sprints by 13.4% (p ≤ 0.001), and Pen-to-Point Cognitive Function by 71.62% (p < 0.001) and 72.51% for dominant and non-dominant hands, respectively. However, a between-groups analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in most of the measurements studied. In conclusion, a visual stimuli training program does not seem to add any value to the traditional soccer training program for adolescents. Nevertheless, this study helps to underline the potential of newly emerging technology as a tool for the assessment of RT.

The incidence of cystoid macular edema in patients with or without diabetes after uncomplicated phacoemulsification:A four-year study / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Abstract?AIM:To report the incidence of post-operative c ystoid macular edema ( pCME ) in patients with or without diabetes and its correlation with c umulative dissipated energy ( CDE ) and phaco -time after uncomplicated phacoemulsification.?METHODS:In the study 116 nondiabetic ( Group A) and 101 d iabetic patients ( Grou p B) underwent phacoemulsification.Preoperatively none of the groups ( A+B ) had signs of maculo pathy or diabetic macular edema documented by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography ( SD -OCT ) and fundus fluore scein angiography ( FFA ) . Phaco metrics were documented after surgery.FFA was performed two months after each operation . Patients with indications of pCME were reassessed with SD-OCT.?RESULTS: The incidence o fpCME after uncomplicated pha coemulsification was statistically significant difference between the two groups (15.8% in Group B versus 6.9%in Group A, P =0.03 <0.05).The subclinical pCME appeared in 19 out of 24 patients.There was a significant correlatio n between parametric values ( CDE, phaco -time, hardness of the lens ) and pCME occurrence. Glycosylated Hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) blood level s was statistically significant difference ( P =0.005 <0.05 ) between the patients who developed or not pCME. Cystoid mac ular edema did not correlate with the axial length of the eye.? CONCLUSION: There was statis itcally significant differen ce in the incidence of pCME after uneventful phacoemulsification between nondiabetic subjects and diabetics. Most of these patients with pCME had subclinical appearance.CDE and phaco-time data were important factors and predictors to pCME.Good glycemic controls prevent the incidence of pCME.