Factors Associated with 30-Day Mortality in Patients after Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy.

INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the main accepted method for long-term tube feeding. The aim of this study is to investigate the risk factors associated with early mortality after PEG. METHODS: It is a retrospective survival analysis in a tertiary-level hospital. We reviewed the medical records of 277 patients with PEG placement. The data were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional regression models were also built to test the effects of PEG on mortality. RESULTS: A total of 277 patients who submitted to PEG were studied. One-hundred and sixty (58%) were female, mean age of 73.3 ± 15.7 years. Ninety-three patients (33.6%) had diabetes mellitus and 165 (59.6%) had blood hypertension. The indications for PEG placement were chronic neurologic dysphagia in 247 (89.5%) patients and tumors and other diseases in 29 (10.5%). The 30 days proportional mortality probability rate was 13%. In a multivariate Cox proportional regression model, preoperative ICU hospitalization (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.36-2.36, P = 0.000) and hemoglobin (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.98, P = 0.015) were predictors of early mortality. CONCLUSION: In patients who had underwent PEG tube insertion for long-term nutrition, anemia and previous ICU admission were predictors of mortality at four weeks. These factors may guide physicians to discourage the indication for PEG.

Effect of acupuncture on the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized clinical trial / Efeitos da acupuntura para a prevenção de náuseas e vômitos após colecistectomia laparoscópica: estudo clínico randomizado

Abstract Background and objectives: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and undesirable complication observed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). We investigated the effects of auriculoacupuncture (AA) on the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the immediate postoperative period of uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Sixty-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups, auriculoacupuncture (n = 35) and control (n = 33), and then they were evaluated prospectively. The needle was placed before anaesthesia induction and remained for 20 minutes. Nausea intensity was evaluated using an analogic visual scale and PONV events were registered immediately after anaesthesia care unit admission and in the second, fourth and sixth hours after the surgery. Results: The auriculoacupuncture group had a significantly smaller incidence of nausea and vomiting than the control group throughout the whole postoperative period (16/35 vs. 27/33, p= 0.03 and 4/35 vs. 15/33, p= 0.005, respectively); the AA group had fewer nausea events 2 h (p= 0.03) and 6 h (p= 0.001) after surgery and fewer vomiting events 2 h (p= 0.01) and 6 h (p= 0.02) after surgery. Conclusions: Auriculoacupuncture can partially prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting when compared to metoclopramide alone after uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Auriculoacupuncture can be recommended as an adjuvant therapy for postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention in selected patients.

Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: Náuseas e vômitos são complicações comuns e indesejáveis no pós-operatório de colecistectomia laparoscópica (CL). Nós investigamos os efeitos da auriculoacupuntura (AA) para a prevenção de náuseas e vômitos no período pós-operatório (NVPO) imediato da CL não complicada. Métodos: 68 pacientes foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos, auriculoacupuntura (n = 35) e controle (n = 33), e foram avaliados prospectivamente. A agulha foi aplicada antes da indução anestésica e permaneceu no lugar por 20 minutos. A intensidade da náusea foi avaliada mediante escala visual analógica e episódios de NVPO foram registrados imediatamente após a admissão na unidade de recuperação anestésica e duas, quatro e seis horas após a cirurgia. Resultados: O grupo AA apresentou significativamente menos episódios de NVPO do que o grupo controle durante todo o período pós-operatório (16/35 vs. 27/33, p = 0,03 e 4/35 vs. 15/33, p = 0,005, respectivamente). O grupo auriculoacupuntura apresentou episódios de náuseas menos intensos às 2 horas (p = 0,03) e 6 horas (p = 0,001) após a cirurgia e menos episódios de vômitos 2 horas (p = 0,01) e 6 horas (p = 0,02) após a cirurgia. Conclusão: A auriculoacupuntura aliviou náuseas e vômitos no pós-operatório em número significante de pacientes, mas não foi capaz de prevenir náuseas e vômitos no pós-operatório em todos os pacientes. Ela pode ser recomendada como terapia adjuvante para prevenção de náuseas e vômitos no pós-operatório no pós-operatório de colecistectomia laparoscópica em pacientes selecionados.

[Effect of acupuncture on the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized clinical trial]. / Efeitos da acupuntura para a prevenção de náuseas e vômitos após colecistectomia laparoscópica: estudo clínico randomizado.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and undesirable complication observed after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). We investigated the effects of auriculoacupuncture (AA) on the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the immediate postoperative period of uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Sixty-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups, auriculoacupuncture (n = 35) and control (n = 33) and then they were evaluated prospectively. The needle was placed before anaesthesia induction and remained for 20 minutes. Nausea intensity was evaluated using an analogic visual scale and PONV events were registered immediately after anaesthesia care unit admission and in the second, fourth and sixth hours after the surgery. RESULTS: The auriculoacupuncture group had a significantly smaller incidence of nausea and vomiting than the control group throughout the whole postoperative period (16/35 vs. 27/33, p = 0.03 and 4/35 vs. 15/33, p = 0.005, respectively); the AA group had fewer nausea events 2hours (p = 0.03) and 6hours (p = 0.001) after surgery and fewer vomiting events 2hours (p = 0.01) and 6hours (p = 0.02) after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Auriculoacupuncture can partially prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting when compared to metoclopramide alone after uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Auriculoacupuncture can be recommended as an adjuvant therapy for postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention in selected patients.

Lessons Learned from the Student's Surgery Academic League: Is It Worth It? / Lições Aprendidas com a Liga Estudantil de Cirurgia: Vale a Pena?

Abstract: Introduction: One of the great challenges of a medical school curriculum is to offer training in basic surgical techniques, which allows graduates to develop competences to take care of simple cases presented in the primary care level of SUS. In order to approach the problem of the technical-surgical qualification of medical students and taking advantage of the interest raised by students' leagues, a surgical care project directed at patients with inguinal hernia was proposed and carried out, based on the students' academic leagues. The aim of this study is to disclose and discuss the results and the academic experience learned from a students' league in surgical learning. Methods: This report encompasses the three-year experience of an academic league aiming to approach the problem of the technical-surgical qualification of medical students and which takes advantage of the academic leagues among undergraduate medical students. The participants comprised one general surgery professor, one anesthesiologist, and undergraduate medical students interested in the surgical clinic, from the School of Medicine, University of Pernambuco, Recife (PE), Brazil. Results: Twenty-four students were included. Ninety-six patients were submitted to surgery. Two seminars with nine lectures and one workshop on surgical skills were held. One paper entitled "League of Inguinal Hernia Surgery" was presented. We did not observe hernia recurrences; the surgical complications were minimum and small in number. The students showed fast development of surgical, interpersonal, and communication skills. However, this education model included a small number of students and offered heavy competition to the general surgery residents in their first year at the University Hospital. Conclusion: The academic league in surgery allows a rich pedagogical experience, offering the opportunity for human and technical qualification. However, the proposed model has limitations. In our opinion, it does not represent a solution for the flaws and omissions observed in the school's curricular grid.

Resumo: Introdução: Um dos grandes desafios dos currículos de escolas médicas é oferecer treinamento em técnicas cirúrgicas básicas que permitam ao egresso de Medicina desenvolver competências para atender a casos simples que se apresentam à assistência primária do SUS. A fim de abordar o problema da qualificação técnico-cirúrgica dos estudantes de Medicina e aproveitar o apelo das ligas, foi proposto e realizado um projeto de assistência cirúrgica a pacientes portadores de hérnia inguinal, baseado em ligas acadêmicas. O objetivo do estudo é expor e discutir os resultados e a experiência acadêmica aprendida com a Liga de Cirurgia de Hérnia Inguinal. Métodos: Este é o relato da experiência de três anos com um grupo de liga acadêmica para abordar o problema da qualificação técnico-cirúrgica de estudantes de Medicina e que se aproveita do apelo das ligas acadêmicas entre estudantes de Medicina. Os participantes foram um professor de cirurgia geral, um anestesista e estudantes de graduação em Medicina interessados na clínica cirúrgica, da Faculdade de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil. Resultados: Vinte e quatro estudantes foram atendidos. Operaram-se 86 pacientes. Realizaram-se dois seminários com nove aulas e uma oficina de técnicas cirúrgicas. Um trabalho intitulado "Liga de cirurgia de hérnia inguinal" foi apresentado. Não se observou recorrência de hérnia; as complicações cirúrgicas foram mínimas e em pequeno número. Os estudantes mostraram rápido desenvolvimento de habilidades cirúrgicas, interpessoais e de comunicação. Entretanto, esse modelo de ensino suporta um pequeno número de estudantes e gera grande competição para os residentes de cirurgia geral em seu primeiro ano no Hospital Universitário. Conclusão: A liga de cirurgia proporciona aos estudantes uma rica experiência pedagógica, oferecendo a oportunidade de qualificação técnica e humana. No entanto, o modelo proposto apresenta limitações. De acordo com o nosso julgamento, não representa a solução para as falhas e omissões no currículo da grade universitária.

RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EARLY MORTALITY AFTER PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY IN PATIENTS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN BRAZIL: A RETROSPECTIVE SINGLE-CENTER SURVIVAL STUDY.

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the main accepted method for long-term tube feeding. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors associated with early mortality after PEG. METHODS: Retrospective survival analysis in a tertiary-level center in Recife, Brazil. We reviewed the medical records of 150 patients with PEG placement. The data were analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional regression models were also built to test the effects of PEG on mortality. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients who submitted to PEG were studied (70 male). Of the participants, 87 (58%) had blood hypertension; 51 (34%) patients had diabetes; 6 (4%) patients had chronic renal disease; and 6 (4%) had malignancy. Chronic neurodegenerative diseases were the more common clinical indication for PEG. The 30-day and 60-day proportional mortality probability rates were 11.05% and 15.34% respectively. A multivariate Cox proportional regression model, haemoglobin (HR 4.39, 95%CI 1.30-14.81, P=0.017) and pre-procedure UCI staying (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.87, P=0.004) were significant predictors of early mortality.A haemoglobin cut-off value of 10.05 g/dL was shown to have a sensibility of 82.6% (61.2% to 95% CI) and an acceptable sensitivity of 59.0 (50.6% to68.6% CI), and a likelihood ratio of 2.06 for eight weeks mortality. CONCLUSION: In patients who had been subjected to the PEG procedure for long-term nutrition, low haemoglobin, pre-procedure intensive care unit internment or both are associated with the risk of early mortality.

Fatores de risco associados a mortalidade precoce após gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea em pacientes em um centro terciário no Brasil: um estudo retrospectivo de sobrevida em um único centro / Risk factors associated with early mortality after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients at a tertiary care center in brazil: a retrospective single-center survival study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the main accepted method for long-term tube feeding. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the risk factors associated with early mortality after PEG. METHODS: Retrospective survival analysis in a tertiary-level center in Recife, Brazil. We reviewed the medical records of 150 patients with PEG placement. The data were analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional regression models were also built to test the effects of PEG on mortality. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients who submitted to PEG were studied (70 male). Of the participants, 87 (58%) had blood hypertension; 51 (34%) patients had diabetes; 6 (4%) patients had chronic renal disease; and 6 (4%) had malignancy. Chronic neurodegenerative diseases were the more common clinical indication for PEG. The 30-day and 60-day proportional mortality probability rates were 11.05% and 15.34% respectively. A multivariate Cox proportional regression model, haemoglobin (HR 4.39, 95%CI 1.30-14.81, P=0.017) and pre-procedure UCI staying (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.87, P=0.004) were significant predictors of early mortality.A haemoglobin cut-off value of 10.05 g/dL was shown to have a sensibility of 82.6% (61.2% to 95% CI) and an acceptable sensitivity of 59.0 (50.6% to68.6% CI), and a likelihood ratio of 2.06 for eight weeks mortality. CONCLUSION: In patients who had been subjected to the PEG procedure for long-term nutrition, low haemoglobin, pre-procedure intensive care unit internment or both are associated with the risk of early mortality.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: A gastrostomia endoscópica percutânea (GEP) é o principal método aceito para a alimentação por sonda em um longo período. OBJETIVO: Investigar os fatores de risco associados à mortalidade precoce após a realização de GEP. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de sobrevida em um centro terciário em Recife, Brasil. Prontuários de 150 pacientes submetidos a colocação de GEP forma revisados. Os dados foram analisados pelo método de Kaplan-Meier. Os modelos de regressão proporcional Multivariável de Cox também foram construídos para testar os efeitos da GEP na mortalidade. RESULTADOS: Um total de 150 pacientes submetidos a GEP foram estudados (70 homens). Dos participantes, 87 (58%) tinham hipertensão arterial; 51 (34%) eram diabéticos; 6 (4%) pacientes tinham doença renal crônica e 6 (4%) tinham alguma malignidade. As doenças crônicas neurodegenerativas foram a indicação clínica mais comum para a GEP. As taxas de probabilidade de mortalidade proporcionais de 30 e 60 dias foram de 11,05% e 15,34% respectivamente. A análise multivariada por meio da regressão de Cox mostrou a hemoglobina (HR 4,39, 95% IC: 1,30-14,81, P=0,017) e a permanência em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) (HR 0,66, 95% IC 0,50-0,87, P=0,004) como preditores significantes de mortalidade precoce. O corte no valor da hemoglobina de 10,05 g/dL mostrou uma sensibilidade de 82,6% (61,2%-95% IC) e uma sensibilidade aceitável de 59,0 (50,6%-68,6% IC), com uma taxa de 2,06 para a mortalidade em oito semanas. CONCLUSÃO: Em pacientes que foram submetidos a GEP para nutrição por um longo período, baixa hemoglobina e internamento em UTI antes do procedimento estão associados com o risco de mortalidade precoce. A GEP não deve ser indicada nesses casos.

Radiological Imaging Interpretation Skills of Medical Interns / Habilidades em Diagnóstico Radiológico do Interno em Medicina

ABSTRACT Background Medical students' skills in radiographic image interpretation is neither known nor assessed in the case of most medical schools in Brazil. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess intern students' performance in the interpretation of radiographic images of the chest and abdomen. Methods A 10-item test was developed using non-contrasted radiological images from the chest and abdomen. Internship students from two public medical schools (Classroom Group, n=50) and doctors (Control Group, n=20) answered the test. A third group (Online Group, n=38) composed of students from different medical schools answered a web-based form with the same 10-item test. Results Doctors and students were able to accurately interpret only 30% of the radiographic images; 50% of the students and 30% of the doctors performed poorly. The rest produced average levels of performance. There were minimal differences between the Classroom and Online Groups. A point-by-point analysis of their answers has been presented and discussed. Conclusion Efforts must be made, including the framing of medical curricula interventions, to improve student interns' skills in radiological image interpretation.

RESUMO Introdução Habilidades de internos em medicina para interpretação de exames radiológicos não são avaliadas nem tampouco conhecidas pela maioria das escolas Médicas. Objetivo investigar o desempenho de estudantes do internato de medicina para interpretação de exames radiológicos de tórax e abdome. Métodos um teste com 10 radiografias não contrastadas de tórax e abdome com diagnósticos simples foi respondido por estudantes de internato (grupo Estudantes, n=50) e médicos (grupo Controle, n=20) e enviado a estudantes de internato por via eletrônica (Grupo Online, n=38). As respostas do grupo Estudantes foram comparadas ao Controle e ao Grupo Online separadamente. Resultados Em apenas 20% casos tanto médicos e estudantes tiveram um rendimento satisfatório, 40% dos casos dos médicos e em 50% dos estudantes o desempenho foi realmente ruim (menos e 40% de respostas corretas) e no restante das respostas o desempenho foi apenas mediano. Os estudantes do grupo Online obtiveram desempenho próximo aos estudantes do grupo Estudantes em 80% das questões. Uma análise ponto a ponto das respostas é cuidadosamente apresentada. Conclusões O desenvolvimento da competência em diagnóstico radiológico deve ser aprimorado. As escolas médicas devem se preocupar em desenvolver intervenções curriculares efetivas para aperfeiçoá-las.

A comunicação médico-paciente na percepção de mulheres com nódulo mamário e indicação de biópsia / Doctor-patient communication as perceived by women with a mammary nodule recommended for biopsy

Compreender como a comunicação com mastologistas é percebida e interpretada no diagnóstico de nódulo mamário com indicação de biópsia. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, com abordagem hermenêutica e crítica, efetuado em serviço de referência, em Recife, PE. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturada com 16 mulheres entre 35-63 anos de idade. Formaram-se dois grupos de mulheres (Grupo 1 com e Grupo 2 sem hipótese diagnóstica de câncer). Resultados: nenhuma mulher relatou interesse do médico por sua percepção da doença. A relação com mastologistas foi satisfatória para o Grupo 1, sobretudo, pela sinceridade e atitude solidária ao facilitar o acesso a consultas e exames. No Grupo2 predominou a percepção de falta de reciprocidade. A comunicação médico-paciente sucedeu, principalmente, enquanto era necessária ao profissional, para apreender demandas reconhecidas cientificamente e fornecer informações, sendo mais demorada e esclarecedora com o Grupo 1. A banalização do nódulo benigno pelo médico resultou numa enorme insatisfação das mulheres do Grupo 2 quanto às informações obtidas, em particular, na definição do diagnóstico e conduta. Em geral, desconsiderou-se direito da paciente de opinar sobre suas conveniências. Conclusões: a comunicação médico-paciente teve caráter informativo e paternalista, com maior atenção dedicada às mulheres com suspeita de câncer. Nenhuma delas, ainda quando muito insatisfeitas, visaram de fato um projeto terapêutico individual. Dialogar é tarefa difícil para médicos e pacientes...

To understand how communication with mastologists is perceived and interpreted on diagnosis of a mammary nodule recommended for biopsy. Methods: a qualitative, hermeneutical and critical, study was carried out at a referral center in Recife, in the Brazilian State of Pernambuco. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 16 women aged between 35 and 63 years. Two groups of women were formed (Group 1 with a possible cancer diagnosis and Group 2 without). Results: no woman reported any interest on the part of the physician in her perception of the disease. The relation with the mastologists was satisfactory for Group 1, especially in terms of sincerity and solidarity in providing access to consults and examinations. In Group 2, the perception of a lack of reciprocity was predominant. Doctor-patient communication succeeded principally when there was a need for the health worker to meet scientifically recognized requirements and provide information, with more time being taken and more clarification given with Group 1. The trivialization of a benign nodule by the physician resulted in enormous dissatisfaction among women in Group 2 in terms of information obtained, in particular in the diagnosis and course of action to be taken. Generally speaking, the patient's right to express an opinion regarding their degree of comfort was disregarded. Conclusions: doctor-patient communication is informative and paternalistic in nature, with greater attention being given to women suspected to have cancer. None of them, even where very dissatisfied, aimed at an individual treatment project. Dialogue is difficult for doctors and patients...

Doença de Caffey-Hiperostose cortical infantil: revisäo e estudo de 11 casos / Caffey's disease- infantile cortical hyperostosis: review and study of 11 cases

Foram estudados 10 casos de Hiperostose Cortical em crianças com idade entre 2 à 6 meses, de ambos os sexos, sendo enfatizados os aspectos clínicos e radiológicos e revisados os conceitos e principais características da doença