RESUMO
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family, including viruses that are well-known agents of keratitis, anterior uveitis, scleritis and retinitis. CMV is usually associated with ocular diseases in immunosuppressed individuals, with a notable exception of hypertensive anterior uveitis with distinctive clinical features in immunocompetent patients. This syndrome was characterized in the last two decades in Europe and Southeast Asia, and then documented in the rest of world. Definitive diagnosis in these cases is usually made by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of the anterior chamber fluid. We report three immunocompetent Brazilian adults with history of multiple glaucomatocyclitic crises and presenting with chronic hypertensive anterior uveitis invariably with mild anterior chamber inflammation and characteristic scarce nummular keratic precipitates. CMV DNA was successfully amplified and detected in the aqueous humor of all patients. Corneal endothelial counts were significantly reduced in the involved eyes, with one patient developing bullous keratopathy. All patients were then treated with topical ganciclovir gel and corticosteroids, with subsequent control of the intraocular inflammation. CMV may represent an overlooked / underestimated etiology of hypertensive anterior uveitis that may progressively lead to endothelial dysfunction, culminating in bullous keratopathy. Management of patients is challenging, with the potential use of topical antivirals to decrease the number of relapses, and corticosteroids to control anterior uveitis / endotheliitis and to protect the corneal endothelium.
Assuntos
Infecções por Citomegalovirus , Infecções Oculares Virais , Uveíte Anterior , Adulto , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Citomegalovirus/genética , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/tratamento farmacológico , DNA Viral/genética , Infecções Oculares Virais/diagnóstico , Infecções Oculares Virais/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Uveíte Anterior/diagnóstico , Uveíte Anterior/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a possibilidade de alterações precoces sugestivas de ectasia detectáveis no Pentacam em casos sutis de alergia ocular em crianças. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 49 prontuários, com paciente de ambos os sexos e idades entre 3 e 14 anos. Do total de crianças estudadas, 31 apresentavam alergia ocular grau 1, e 18 não apresentavam qualquer sinal ou sintoma de alergia ocular, servindo como controles. Avaliaram-se diversos índices do Pentacam. Resultados: Houve associação estatisticamente significativa nas variáveis "Df - variação do mapa da elevação anterior da córnea" e "Pentacam combinado", que podem estar relacionadas com a detecção precoce de ectasia corneana nesses pacientes. Conclusão: Houve relação causal entre a prevalência da alergia ocular e alterações tomográficas na córnea, sugestivas de ceratocone em alguns pacientes provavelmente suscetíveis, podendo ser considerado um fator de risco para essa complicação.
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess if early alterations detected by Pentacam in children suffering from mild ocular allergy are suggestive of ectasia. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 49 medical records of patients of both sexes, aged between 3 and 14 years was performed. In this sample, 31 children suffered from grade I ocular allergy, and 18 presented no signs or symptoms of ocular allergy and comprised the control group. Several Pentacam indexes were evaluated. Results: A statistically significant association was found in the variables "Df - variation of the anterior corneal elevation map" and "combined Pentacam", which can be related to the early detection of corneal ectasia in these patients. Conclusion: There was a causal relation between prevalence of ocular allergy and tomographic alterations on the cornea, suggestive of keratoconus in some probably susceptible patients, which may be considered a risk factor for this complication.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Conjuntivite Alérgica/complicações , Conjuntivite Alérgica/etiologia , Ceratocone/diagnóstico , Ceratocone/etiologia , Ceratocone/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Topografia da Córnea , Técnicas de Diagnóstico OftalmológicoRESUMO
O olho vermelho é uma queixa oftalmológica frequente na atenção primária à saúde. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta revisão é descrever as principais patologias relacionadas a esse sinal na prática clínica, a fim de auxiliar os profissionais de saúde no diagnóstico, na condução dos casos, e na tomada de decisões quanto à necessidade de encaminhamento ao especialista. A maioria dos casos são benignos, porém, alguns apresentam risco de complicações e perda visual.
The red eye is a frequent eye complaint in primary health care. In this context, the objective of this review is to describe the main pathologies related to this sign in clinical practice, in order to assist health professionals in the diagnosis, in the management of cases, and in making decisions regarding the need for referral to the specialist. Most cases are benign, however, some are at risk of complications and visual loss.
