Contaminating transfection complexes can masquerade as small extracellular vesicles and impair their delivery of RNA.

One of the functions of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) which has received the most attention is their capacity to deliver RNA into the cytoplasm of target cells. These studies have often been performed by transfecting RNAs into sEV-producing cells, to later purify and study sEV delivery of RNA. Transfection complexes and other delivery vehicles accumulate in late endosomes where sEV are formed and over 50% of transfection complexes or delivery vehicles administered to cells are released again to the extracellular space by exocytosis. This raises the possibility that transfection complexes could alter sEVs and contaminate sEV preparations. We found that widely used transfection reagents including RNAiMax and INTERFERin accumulated in late endosomes. These transfection complexes had a size similar to sEV and were purified by ultracentrifugation like sEV. Focusing on the lipid-based transfection reagent RNAiMax, we found that preparations of sEV from transfected cells contained lipids from transfection complexes and transfected siRNA was predominantly in particles with the density of transfection complexes, rather than sEV. This suggests that transfection complexes, such as lipid-based RNAiMax, may frequently contaminate sEV preparations and could account for some reports of sEV-mediated delivery of nucleic acids. Transfection of cells also impaired the capacity of sEVs to deliver stably-expressed siRNAs, suggesting that transfection of cells may alter sEVs and prevent the study of their endogenous capacity to deliver RNA to target cells.

Spinal sagittal alignment, spinal shrinkage and back pain changes in office workers during a workday.

Purpose. Prolonged sitting is a risk factor for the appearance of lower back pain during work. The aim of this study was to observe changes in spinal sagittal alignment, height and the perception of back pain in office workers during a workday. Materials and methods. Forty-one office workers (20 women) were enrolled into a cross-sectional study. Height, sitting height and degrees of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis as well as perceived neck pain, lower back pain and upper back pain were determined, before and after an 8-h workday. Results. At the end of the day, workers had a significant decrease (p = 0.000) in height and sitting height, and upper back pain increased significantly (p = 0.023). In men, spinal shrinkage correlated with neck pain (r = 0.410, p = 0.027), and lumbar lordosis degrees in women correlated negatively with upper back pain at the end of the day (r = -0.440, p = 0.012). Conclusions. Spinal shrinkage equally affects men and women who perform the same work. There are no changes in spinal sagittal alignment throughout the workday in office workers. Office workers show significantly increased pain in the upper back at the end of the day.

Use of a Spinal Traction Device during Work Shift in Assembly Line Workers.

Increasing back discomfort and spinal shrinkage during the workday is a problem that affects assembly line workers. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of a spinal traction system on discomfort, spinal shrinkage, and spinal sagittal alignment in assembly line workers, who are in prolonged standing conditions during a workday. A total of 16 asymptomatic males were recruited to assess spinal shrinkage, spinal sagittal alignment, and back discomfort during the workday. The measurement was carried out in two days of work, a normal day, and the other using a spinal traction device utilized in two breaks during the workday. Assembly line workers lost height significantly on both control and intervention days. No differences were found between days. No changes were found in spinal sagittal alignment on the control day. Lumbar lordosis angle increased significantly at the end of the intervention day. The use of a spinal traction device during the workday in two breaks time did not significantly reduce the spinal shrinkage of healthy workers. Lumbar lordosis angle increased significantly at the end of the spinal traction intervention day. Prospective studies would be necessary to clarify the possible benefits of the traction device.

Assessment of Spinal Range of Motion and Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Forklift Drivers. A Cross-Sectional Study.

Forklifts are commonly used in industrial supply chains to transport heavy loads. Forklift drivers have the risk of developing musculoskeletal discomfort derived from the movement pattern required at work. This research aimed to investigate the spinal range of motion (ROM) and musculoskeletal discomfort of forklift drivers and compare it with a control group. Forklift drivers (39 males) and office workers (31 males) were recruited to assess cervical, thoracic, and lumbar ROM with an electronic double inclinometer. Additionally, musculoskeletal discomfort was registered with the Cornell Discomfort Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Forklift drivers showed a higher cervical discomfort and ROM of lateral lumbar bending than office workers. Both groups reported lower ROM in cervical and lumbar lateral bending on the right side versus the left side. No differences of asymmetry were reported for any variable between groups. Specific exercise programs may correct these mobility imbalances.

Self-Cutting and Integrating CRISPR Plasmids Enable Targeted Genomic Integration of Genetic Payloads for Rapid Cell Engineering.

Since observations that CRISPR nucleases function in mammalian cells, many strategies have been devised to adapt them for genetic engineering. Here, we investigated self-cutting and integrating CRISPR-Cas9 plasmids (SCIPs) as easy-to-use gene editing tools that insert themselves at CRISPR-guided locations. SCIPs demonstrated similar expression kinetics and gene disruption efficiency in mouse (EL4) and human (Jurkat) cells, with stable integration in 3-6% of transfected cells. Clonal sequencing analysis indicated that integrants showed bi- or mono-allelic integration of entire CRISPR plasmids in predictable orientations and with limited insertion or deletion formation. Interestingly, including longer homology arms (HAs; 500 bp) in varying orientations only modestly increased knock-in efficiency (by around twofold). Using a SCIP-payload design (SCIPpay) that liberates a promoter-less sequence flanked by HAs thereby requiring perfect homology-directed repair for transgene expression, longer HAs resulted in higher integration efficiency and precision of the payload but did not affect integration of the remaining plasmid sequence. As proofs of concept, we used SCIPpay to insert (1) a gene fragment encoding tdTomato into the CD69 locus of Jurkat cells, thereby creating a cell line that reports T-cell activation, and (2) a chimeric antigen receptor gene into the TRAC locus. Here, we demonstrate that SCIPs function as simple, efficient, and programmable tools useful for generating gene knock-out/knock-in cell lines, and we suggest future utility in knock-in site screening/optimization, unbiased off-target site identification, and multiplexed, iterative, and/or library-scale automated genome engineering.

A comunicação terapêutica na abordagem centrada na pessoa / The therapeutic communication in the person centered approach / La comunicación terapéutica en el enfoque centrado en la persona

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre o processo de comunicação entre terapeuta e cliente nas fases da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica inspirada na proposta da hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer. São quatro fases: não diretiva, reflexiva, experiencial e coletiva. Perceberam-se, ao longo deste percurso, modificações na relação e comunicação terapeuta-cliente. Passa-se de um fluxo unidirecional, em direção ao cliente, para uma comunicação bilateral, com uma maior expressão do terapeuta, embora ainda restrita a expressões eficazes ao processo do cliente. Na fase experiencial tem-se a compreensão de uma comunicação de mão-dupla, um duplo movimento de expressão e escuta que acarreta uma maior escuta de si e do outro concomitantemente, gerando um fluxo mais igualitário. Já no último período, encontra-se uma comunicação transcendental, presente nos momentos de comunicação intensa em estados alterados de consciência

The paper discusses the communication process between therapist and client along the stages of Person-centered Approach from a literature review point of view, inspired by the philosophical hermeneutics proposal of Gadamer. There are four stages: nondirective, reflexive, experiential and collective. Along this path, modifications have been noticed: it goes from a unidirectional flux centered on the client to a bilateral communication with a higher expression of the therapist, although the expressions of the therapist are restricted to those which are effective to the client's process. In the experiential stage arises a comprehension about a two-way communication, a double movement of expression and listening, that lead to greater listening of himself and of the other simultaneously, taking up a more equitable flux. In the last period, can be found a transcendental communication, which appears in the altered states of consciousness

Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre el proceso de comunicación entre terapeuta y cliente en las fases del Enfoque Centrado en la Persona basada en una revisión de la literatura, inspirada en la hermenéutica filosófica de Gadamer. Son cuatro fases: no directiva, reflexiva, vivencial y colectiva. Se dieron cuenta, a lo largo de este trayecto, de cambios en la relación y en la comunicación terapeuta - cliente. Se pasa de un flujo unidireccional, en dirección al cliente, a una comunicación bilateral con una mayor expresión del terapeuta, aunque todavía limitado a expresiones eficaces al proceso del cliente. En la etapa experimental existe la comprensión de una comunicación de dos vías, un movimiento doble de expresión y escucha, que lleva a una escucha mayor de sí mismo y del otro al mismo tiempo, teniendo un flujo más equitativo. En el último período, es una comunicación trascendental, presente en los momentos de intensa comunicación en los estados alterados de conciencia

A comunicação terapêutica na abordagem centrada na pessoa / The therapeutic communication in the person centered approach / La comunicación terapéutica en el enfoque centrado en la persona

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre o processo de comunicação entre terapeuta e cliente nas fases da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica inspirada na proposta da hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer. São quatro fases: não diretiva, reflexiva, experiencial e coletiva. Perceberam-se, ao longo deste percurso, modificações na relação e comunicação terapeuta-cliente. Passa-se de um fluxo unidirecional, em direção ao cliente, para uma comunicação bilateral, com uma maior expressão do terapeuta, embora ainda restrita a expressões eficazes ao processo do cliente. Na fase experiencial tem-se a compreensão de uma comunicação de mão-dupla, um duplo movimento de expressão e escuta que acarreta uma maior escuta de si e do outro concomitantemente, gerando um fluxo mais igualitário. Já no último período, encontra-se uma comunicação transcendental, presente nos momentos de comunicação intensa em estados alterados de consciência:

The paper discusses the communication process between therapist and client along the stages of Person-centered Approach from a literature review point of view, inspired by the philosophical hermeneutics proposal of Gadamer. There are four stages: nondirective, reflexive, experiential and collective. Along this path, modifications have been noticed: it goes from a unidirectional flux centered on the client to a bilateral communication with a higher expression of the therapist, although the expressions of the therapist are restricted to those which are effective to the client's process. In the experiential stage arises a comprehension about a two-way communication, a double movement of expression and listening, that lead to greater listening of himself and of the other simultaneously, taking up a more equitable flux. In the last period, can be found a transcendental communication, which appears in the altered states of consciousness:

Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre el proceso de comunicación entre terapeuta y cliente en las fases del Enfoque Centrado en la Persona basada en una revisión de la literatura, inspirada en la hermenéutica filosófica de Gadamer. Son cuatro fases: no directiva, reflexiva, vivencial y colectiva. Se dieron cuenta, a lo largo de este trayecto, de cambios en la relación y en la comunicación terapeuta - cliente. Se pasa de un flujo unidireccional, en dirección al cliente, a una comunicación bilateral con una mayor expresión del terapeuta, aunque todavía limitado a expresiones eficaces al proceso del cliente. En la etapa experimental existe la comprensión de una comunicación de dos vías, un movimiento doble de expresión y escucha, que lleva a una escucha mayor de sí mismo y del otro al mismo tiempo, teniendo un flujo más equitativo. En el último período, es una comunicación trascendental, presente en los momentos de intensa comunicación en los estados alterados de conciencia:

O sentido do ser-mãe-que-engravidou-após-óbito-fetal: possibilidades assisntenciais de e para a enfermagem / The Feeling Of Being-Mother-That-Got-Pregnant-After-Fetal-Death: Assistencial Possibilities of and for Nursing

A ocorrência de morte fetal é uma situação nefasta que, de acordo com a etiologia, pode representar prognóstico negativo para vida reprodutiva futura. O óbito fetal incide em percentual elevado entre as primigestas, fato que conduzirá à maior possibilidade da gravidez acontecer novamente. A inquietação que determinou a investigação emergiu da minha dissertação de mestrado, na qual o vivido das mães que passam por um processo de perda fetal revelou uma grande dificuldade para pensarem em enfrentar uma nova gravidez. A prática assistencial e docente como enfermeira em maternidade permitiu olhar atentivamente para as manifestações maternas em gestação seguinte a óbito fetal. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de desvelar o sentido do ser mãe que vivenciou uma gestação após óbito fetal, utilizou a abordagem fenomenológica sustentada no referencial teórico filosófico de Martin Heidegger. Foi desenvolvida no setor de maternidade de um hospital público estadual da cidade de Belém – PA. Foram depoentes dezesseis mães....

A serological and molecular study of Leishmania infantum infection in cats from the Island of Ibiza (Spain).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Leishmania infantum infection within a feline population by serologic and molecular methods and to identify associated risk factors. One hundred five cats living outdoors were studied. Sera were tested for IgG antibodies against L. infantum, Toxoplasma gondii, and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and for the detection of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) p27 antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). L. infantum real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on DNA extracted from blood. L. infantum and T. gondii seroprevalence rates were 13.2% and 55.2%, respectively. The prevalence of L. infantum by PCR was 8.7%. The total rate of L. infantum infection derived from seroreactivity and/or positive PCR was 15.4%. Serology and PCR results were positively associated, and moderate agreement (kappa = 0.489) was found between Leishmania ELISA and PCR. No statistical association was found between positive Leishmania PCR results and gender, clinical status, or T. gondii seropositivity. Six of the 105 cats (5.7%) displayed clinical signs compatible with feline cutaneous leishmaniosis, and 4 out of these 6 cats (66.7%) were found to have Leishmania infection by means of serology and/or PCR. Leishmania seropositivity was associated with clinical signs of feline cutaneous leishmaniosis (p = 0.029). The prevalence of FeLV p27 antigen was 16.2% (17/105) and of FIV antibody was 20.9% (22/105), with coinfection found in 9.5% (10/105) of the cats. Leishmania ELISA seroreactivity and positive PCR results were statistically associated with FeLV infection and with coinfection of both retroviruses but not with a positive FIV status. The high seroprevalence and molecular rates of Leishmania infection observed indicate that cats are frequently infected with L. infantum, and the association with FeLV suggests a potential role for this retrovirus in feline Leishmania infection in endemic areas.

A aprendizagem em células cooperativas e a efetivação da aprendizagem significativa em sala de aula / The cooperative learning in cells and a significant learning effective in the classroom

Este artigo tem por intuito fomentar a vivência da aprendizagem significativa rogeriana em sala de aula, a partir de uma articulação dessa com princípios e recursos da aprendizagem cooperativa desenvolvida pelo Programa de Educação em Células Cooperativas (PRECE). Tal encontro torna possível a busca por alternativas ao ensino formal dirigido e centrado no professor. A importância dada às experiências dos estudantes no processo de aprendizagem, com foco no desenvolvimento de seus potenciais e interesses, a relevância das relações humanas travadas nesse contexto educacional e a busca por recursos efetivos, são pontos convergentes dessas duas propostas.(AU)

This article is meant to ferment Roger's Significant Learning experience in the classroom, from an articulation of the bases and resources of Cooperative Learning developed by the Cooperative Cells Educational Program. Such interaction enables the search for alternatives to the Formal Directed Education focused on the teacher. The importance given to the experiences of students in the learning process, focusing on the development of their potential and interests, the relevance of Human relationships addressed in the educational context and the search for effective resources are converging points of these two proposals.(AU)

Este artículo se destina a fomentar el aprendizaje significativo de Rogers en aula de clase, a partir de una articulación de los principios y las características del aprendizaje cooperativo desarrollado por el Programa de Educación en Células Cooperativas – PRECE. El encuentro posibilitó la búsqueda de alternativas a la educación formal dirigida y enfocada en el profesor. La importancia dada las experiências de los estudiantes em el proceso de aprendizaje, centrándose en el desarrollo de sus potencialidades e intereses, la importância de las relaciones humanas atrapadas em el contexto educativo y la búsqueda de soluciones eficaces, son puntos que están convergiendo en las dos propuestas.(AU)

Fotografias do uso do diagnóstico no pensamento rogeriano / Photography of the use of the diagnosis in the thought of Rogers

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever o desenvolvimento do uso do diagnóstico no pensamento de Carl Rogers. Inicia-se com a exposição da posição rogeriana acerca da temática na primeira obra do criador da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa – "O tratamento clínico da criança problema", de 1939 –, na qual o autor situa o lócus de avaliação da experiência fora do cliente, a partir do uso do diagnóstico pelo profissional. Em seguida, no desenvolvimento da terapia centrada no cliente, Rogers julga desnecessário o uso do diagnóstico no processo psicoterapêutico. Noutro momento, Rogers radicaliza esta posição ao enfatizar a importância do encontro de pessoa para pessoa, a partir dos trabalhos realizados com esquizofrênicos e da afirmação da experiência do outro como lócus da avaliação do processo. Em seu quarto e último momento, Rogers não só não se utiliza de psicodiagnóstico, como os vê como perda de tempo, justificando tal posição através da compreensão da singularidade do outro. Apontam-se, ao fim, implicações éticas e metodológicas deste posicionamento.(AU)

This article has as objective to describe the development of the diagnostic use on Carl Rogers's thinking. It begins with the exposition of rogerian position about this theme on the first book of Person Centered Approach's founder – "The clinical treatment of the problem child", from 1939 –, where Rogers places the locus of evaluation outside of the client, from the using of diagnostic by the professional. After, on the development of client centered therapy, Rogers judges unnecessary the use of diagnostic on the psychotherapeutic process. In another moment, Rogers radicalizes this position emphasizing the importance of the person to person meeting, by the work made with schizophrenic people and the affirmation of the other's experience as the locus of evaluation of the process. In his fourth and last moment, Rogers not only does not use the psychodiagnostic, but also see it as loosing of time, justifying this position through the understanding of the other's singularity. It's pointed, in the end, ethical and methodological implications of this postion.(AU)

Factor VII polymorphisms influence the plasma response to diets with different fat content, in a healthy Caucasian population.

UNLABELLED: To determine the influence of the factor VII gene polymorphisms, R353Q and 5'F7, on factor VII Ag plasma levels after the consumption of diets with different fat contents. METHODS: 59 healthy individuals (42 RR, 16 RQ, 1 QQ at the R353Q and 46 A1A1, 13 A1A2 at the 5'F7) consumed 3 diets during 4-weeks each: a Saturated diet (SAT) enriched in saturated fatty acid (SFA) (38% fat, 20% SFA), followed by a carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet (30% fat, 55% CHO) or a Mediterranean diet (MEDIT) enriched in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (38% fat, 22% MUFA) following a randomized crossover design. Plasma lipids and FVII Ag plasma levels were determined at the end of each dietary period. RESULTS: After a SAT diet, RR homozygotes had greater concentrations of FVII Ag compared with MEDIT and CHO diets than did carriers of the minority Q allele (82.76 +/- 1.3 vs. 75.02 +/- 2.4, p = 0.001). The 5'F7 polymorphism behaved in a similar fashion (A1A1 81.98 +/- 1.4 vs. A1A2 75.37 +/- 2.4, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that carriers of the RR and/or A1A1 genotype present higher FVII Ag levels after the consumption of a SAT diet compared with the MEDIT and CHO rich diets.

Evaluación de la Escala de Trauma de Davidson. Estandarización de la Escala de Trauma de Davidson (DTS) / Davidson Trauma Scale

En cuanto al desorden de estrés postraumático (PTSD) existe una necesidad de escalas de auto-informe que sean sensibles a los efectos del tratamiento y hayan sido probadas en nuestro medio, en una amplia gama de sobrevivientes a diversos traumas. Medidas separadas de frecuencia y gravedad también pueden ofrecer ventajas. Por ellos entregamos en este artículo la validez de la Escala de Trauma de Davidson. La consistencia interna fue evaluada utilizando el alfa de Cronbach, la validez factorial fue examinada utilizando un análisis factorial exploratorio.la escala demostró una buena consistencia interna (.927). La correlación ítem-test presentó correlaciones altamente significativas (p<.001) indicando que todos los ítems contribuyen a medir el mismo constructo. El análisis factorial de componentes principales de los datos obtenidos en el estudio reveló la presencia de 3 factores principales. La escala de Trauma de Davidson mostró buena confiabilidad y validez y resulta adecuada para evaluar la gravedad de los síntomas, el resultado del tratamiento y para asegurarnos del diagnóstico tentativo del trastorno de Estrés postraumático.

Regarding the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is need of self-report scales being them sensitive to the treatment effects and having been proved in our environment, within a wide array of trauma survivors. Separated measures of frequency and seriousness may also offer advantages. Thus, in this paper we bring the validation of the Davidson Trauma Scale. Internal soundness was evaluated using the Cronbach’s alpha; factor validity was examined using an exploratory factor analysis. The scale showed a good internal soundness (.927). The item-test correlation showed highly significant correlations (p<.001) indicating that all the item contribute to measure every construct. Factor analysis of the principal components of data obtained from the study showed the presence of 3 principal factors. The Davidson Trauma Scale evidenced good reliability and validity and is suitable for evaluating symptoms seriousness, treatment results and for results and for being sure of the tentative diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder.

[Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in 12 year old school children from Jujuy]. / Prevalencia de anemia y deficiencia de hierro en escolares jujeños de 12 años.

Iron deficiency is highly frequent among adolescents. Its early detection can prevent the development of a ferropenic anemia, a serious condition. The problem has not been well studied in our country. The purpose of this work was to determine the frequency of iron deficiency and anemia in adolescents. The criteria considered were: hematocrit below 38%, b) saturation transferrin below 16%, c) ferritin below 15 ng/ml. The study was carried out in 2265 schoolchildren, 12 years old, of both sexes, in urban and periurban areas in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy (1250 a.s.l.). The following parameters were measured: hematocrit as well as serum iron and total iron binding capacity, both by colorimetric method. Ferritin was measured by ELISA. Anemia was not found. Iron deficiency as estimated by the iron functional component, was found in 25% of girls and 21% of boys and, through iron stores, in 28% of girls and 18% of boys. Iron deficiency stores in both sexes is the more relevant alteration, indicating that the population sample here studied constitutes a highly vulnerable group. The early detection of iron deficiency will help physical and intellectual development so that adequate sanitary policies are necessary for its prevention.

Prevalencia de anemia y deficiencia de hierro en escolares jujeños de 12 años. / [Prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency in 12 year old school children from Jujuy]

Iron deficiency is highly frequent among adolescents. Its early detection can prevent the development of a ferropenic anemia, a serious condition. The problem has not been well studied in our country. The purpose of this work was to determine the frequency of iron deficiency and anemia in adolescents. The criteria considered were: hematocrit below 38

, b) saturation transferrin below 16

, c) ferritin below 15 ng/ml. The study was carried out in 2265 schoolchildren, 12 years old, of both sexes, in urban and periurban areas in the city of San Salvador de Jujuy (1250 a.s.l.). The following parameters were measured: hematocrit as well as serum iron and total iron binding capacity, both by colorimetric method. Ferritin was measured by ELISA. Anemia was not found. Iron deficiency as estimated by the iron functional component, was found in 25

of girls and 21

of boys and, through iron stores, in 28

of girls and 18

of boys. Iron deficiency stores in both sexes is the more relevant alteration, indicating that the population sample here studied constitutes a highly vulnerable group. The early detection of iron deficiency will help physical and intellectual development so that adequate sanitary policies are necessary for its prevention.

Vigilancia de malaria en viajeros internacionales residentes en Ciudad de La Habana, 2000-2001 / Malaria surveillance of international travelers residing in Havana City 2000-2001

Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia en los viajeros internacionales cubanos y extranjeros residentes en la capital, que arribaron al país por vía aérea o marítima desde el 1ro de enero del 2000 al 31 de diciembre del 2001, y los estudiantes de la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM) de los cursos escolares: 1999-2000 y 2000-2001. Calculamos la prevalencia de malaria en los viajeros por continentes y países, para esto calculamos tasas generales (de continentes) y específicas (de países). Utilizamos el mismo procedimiento para los estudiantes de la ELAM. Entre los viajeros cubanos procedentes del continente africano durante el período 2000-2001 se encontró el reservorio fundamental de malaria, destacándose Nigeria y Camerún como los países de más altas tasas y por tanto de mayor riesgo de introducción de la enfermedad. En Latinoamérica se resaltó la prevalencia de malaria en los viajeros procedentes de Nicaragua donde fue la más alta. En la ELAM, la totalidad de los infectados del curso escolar 1999-2000 se encontró en América, se destacó más en Nicaragua. En el curso 2000-2001 sobresalieron por sus altas tasas los infectados procedentes de África, siendo Nigeria el país que más infectados aportó. La ELAM constituyó un grupo de alto riesgo en la prevalencia de malaria en el presente estudio(AU)

Vigilancia de malaria en viajeros internacionales residentes en Ciudad de La Habana, 2000-2001 / Malaria surveillance of international travelers residing in Havana City 2000-2001

Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia en los viajeros internacionales cubanos y extranjeros residentes en la capital, que arribaron al país por vía aérea o marítima desde el 1ro de enero del 2000 al 31 de diciembre del 2001, y los estudiantes de la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina (ELAM) de los cursos escolares: 1999-2000 y 2000-2001. Calculamos la prevalencia de malaria en los viajeros por continentes y países, para esto calculamos tasas generales (de continentes) y específicas (de países). Utilizamos el mismo procedimiento para los estudiantes de la ELAM. Entre los viajeros cubanos procedentes del continente africano durante el período 2000-2001 se encontró el reservorio fundamental de malaria, destacándose Nigeria y Camerún como los países de más altas tasas y por tanto de mayor riesgo de introducción de la enfermedad. En Latinoamérica se resaltó la prevalencia de malaria en los viajeros procedentes de Nicaragua donde fue la más alta. En la ELAM, la totalidad de los infectados del curso escolar 1999-2000 se encontró en América, se destacó más en Nicaragua. En el curso 2000-2001 sobresalieron por sus altas tasas los infectados procedentes de África, siendo Nigeria el país que más infectados aportó. La ELAM constituyó un grupo de alto riesgo en la prevalencia de malaria en el presente estudio