[State of the larynx in children with congenital cleft lip and palate].

Organic dysphonia was diagnosed in 27.4% of 215 children with congenital cleft lip and palate aged from 1.5 to 15 years. The above malformation was associated with such organic laryngeal diseases as edema, hypertrophy, nodules of the vocal cords and chronic laryngitis incidence of which directly correlates with duration and severity of the defect, age of the patient and time of reestablishment of the palatopharyngeal ring. After plastic repair of the oronasal defect, with age, laryngeal pathology gradually relieves.

[Endoscopic maxillary sinusotomy]. / Endoskopicheskaia gaimorotomiia.

Endoscopic maxillary sinusotomy (EMS) was performed in 14 patients with chronic inflammation of the maxillary sinus. This technique provides a visual control of the operative field both on the side of the nasal cavity and on the side of the maxillary sinus; accurate fenestration of the maxillary sinus through the lower nasal passage; on-demand widening of the natural maxillary orifice; adequate orientation of the surgeon in selecting the direction of the resection of the maxillary medial wall raising the effectiveness of the operation and reducing the risk of intraoperative complications.

[Role of non-spore-forming anaerobic microflora in the onset and development of otogenic abscesses of the brain and cerebellum]. / Rol' nesporoobrazuiushchei anaérobnoi mikroflory v vozniknovenii i razvitii otogennykh abstsessov golovnogo mozga i mozzhechka.

The role of non-spore-forming anaerobic microflora in development of otogenic cerebral and cerebellar abscesses was studied in 49 patients with brain abscesses. Microfloral study of the middle ear discharge and content of cerebral abscess demonstrates that at present the role of pathogenic pyogenic staphylococci, streptococci and other kinds of purulent infection is lower than that of previously unreported non-spore-forming anaerobs in the pus of otogenic brain abscesses. It means that urgent sanation of the primary focus and cerebral abscesses should be supplemented with targeted combined antibacterial conservative therapy.

[Clinical aspects and treatment of purulent anaerobic non-Clostridium ethmoid sinusitis]. / Osobennosti kliniki b lecheniia gnoinykh étmoiditov pri anaérobnoi neklostridial'noi infektsii.

The ethmoidal sinus was punctured for pus samples in 120 patients with purulent ethmoiditis. The sinus of 47.5% of the patients contained non-clostridial anaerobic infection. The species of the microflora and its sensitivity to antibiotics were defined. An effective system of examination and treatment of purulent ethmoiditis caused by anaerobic infection is proposed. The essential elements of this system are: aeration of the paranasal sinuses, immunostimulation and immunomodulation. For non-responders and subjects with frequent recurrences surgical intervention is indicated.

[The role of non-clostridial anaerobic infections in the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical aspects and treatment of inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses]. / Rol' neklostridial'noi anaérobnoi infektsii v étiologii, patogeneze, klinike i lechenii vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii okolonosovykh pazukh.

This paper presents the results of clinical and bacteriological examinations of 116 patients with suppurative rhinosinusitis. Bacteriological tests under anaerobic conditions revealed in 53% of the patients nonclostridium anaerobic bacteria that were highly resistant to most antibiotics and sensitive to metronidazole and its derivatives. A protocol of conservative therapy of suppurative rhinosinusitis was developed. The protocol included etiotrophic antianaerobic drugs (metronidazole and its derivatives) and oxygenation of paranasal sinuses. This therapeutic approach yielded positive effects in 92% of the patients.