RESUMO
The aim of this research was to validate the use of a gentamicin (GEN) and nano-hydroxiapatite (nHAP)-loaded polycaprolactone nanostructured membrane (NM) as an innovative, highly efficient, low-cost treatment for periodontitis. We conducted an in vivo study on Wistar rats, in which we induced periodontitis by placing silk ligatures around the first right and left upper molars. The subjects were divided into three groups; the first group received no periodontal treatment, the second group received open flap debridement, and the third group received open flap debridement, together with the positioning of the GEN and nHAP-loaded nanostructured membrane as a treatment. The extent of periodontal regeneration was assessed by the periodontal pocket depth, bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, dental plaque, microbiological analysis, concentration of MMP-8 in saliva, plasma levels of CRP, and histological analysis. The results showed that using open flap debridement with the NM is more efficient, and it significantly reduces the probing depth, extent of bleeding on probing, dental mobility, bacterial plaque, and pathogenic flora. The concentrations of MMP-8 and CRP decrease. The histological analysis demonstrated that NM leads to bone regeneration. Our study indicates that gentamicin and nano-hydroxyapatite embedded in the fiber of the biodegradable membranes might be a promising therapeutic option for periodontitis treatment.
RESUMO
(1) Background: The demands of patients for aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of edentulous areas led to the use of dental implants as therapeutic means on an increasingly large scale. This aspect determined the appearance of some infectious pathologies with a peri-implant starting point that can be complicated by various sinus diseases. The purpose of this review article is to synthesize the existing information in the specialized literature regarding the existing correlations between peri-implant and maxillary sinusitis. (2) Methods: The articles published in five databases were researched using different combinations of search terms. We selected 12 articles from the 250 found, by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing duplicates. (3) Results: We analyzed the included studies and we found that all of them reported a positive correlation between maxillary sinusitis and peri-implant infectious diseases. There are also reported other pathologies with a peri-implant infectious disease as a starting point such as abscesses, oro-antral communications, or foreign body reactions due to implant or bone graft materials migration. (4) Conclusions: This scoping review highlighted the existence of correlations between peri-implant and sinus pathology and the importance of preventing peri-implant diseases of an infectious nature to avoid the occurrence of these complications.
RESUMO
(1) Background: Periimplantitis is an infectious condition that affects the periimplant tissue and is of bacterial etiology. However, to date, the exact bacterial flora involved in its occurrence is not known. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the articles published on this topic and to identify the main bacterial species isolated in periimplantitis. (2) Methods: The articles published in three databases were researched: Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science using Prisma guides and combinations of MeSH terms. We selected 25 items from the 980 found by applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. (3) Results: We quantified the results of the 25 studies included in this review. In general, the most commonly identified bacterial species were Gram-negative anaerobic species, as Prevotella, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium and Treponema. (4) Conclusion: The most frequent bacteria in the periimplantitis sites identified in this review are Gram-negative anaerobic species, also involved in the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease.
