[Scano- and echography in the diagnosis of thyroid diseases]. / Skano- i ékhografiia v diagnostike zabolevanii shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Echography was found more preferable in the differentiation of diffuse and nodular types of goiter and in the detection of thyroid cancer. Scanography was shown to be a valuable method for the determination of a shape, topography and function of the thyroid and its zones as well as in the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis.

[A combination of thyroid diseases with a neoplastic process in the thyroid tissue]. / Sochetanie nekotorykh zabolevanii shchitovidnoi zhelezy s neoplasticheskim protsessom v tireoidnoi tkani.

Altogether 252 case records of patients operated on for thyroid cancer were analyzed to determine the frequency of combination of a neoplastic process with autoimmune thyroiditis. Analysis of morphological findings of the operative material has shown that thyroid cancer in autoimmune thyroiditis occurs 2.5-times less than in adenomatous goiter and 1.5-times less in diffuse toxic goiter. The resultant conclusion is that the combination of thyroid cancer with autoimmune thyroiditis occurs more seldom than cancer with diffuse toxic goiter and adenomatous goiter, and the combination of autoimmune thyroiditis with diffuse toxic goiter and adenomatous goiter occurs more frequently than that with thyroid cancer.

[The use of fat and protein metabolic indices in assessing the compensation status of diabetics]. / Ispol'zovanie nekotorykh pokazatelei zhirovogo i belkovogo obmena pri otsenke sostoianiia kompensatsii bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

The examination of 448 patients with diabetes mellitus has shown that the use of indices of cholesterol, nonesterified fatty acids, ketone bodies, residual nitrogen, urea and creatinine using range normal limits permits the assessment in combination with clinical findings of the state of compensation. Change in the state of fat and protein metabolism was shown to be related, to a great extent, with a type of diabetes rather than with a patient's age.

[A centering guide for the gamma camera]. / Tsentrator dlia gamma-kamery.

A device for centering a gamma-camera indicator is described. It permits the use of available medical coaches instead of a table with a transparent top. The device can be used for centering an indicator (when it is fixed at the low end of a gamma-camera) on a required area of the patient's body.

[A device for centering a gamma camera transducer]. / Ustroistvo dlia tsentratsii datchika gamma-kamery.

The device consists of the upper part of the gamma chamber pillar to which a rod is rigidly fastened with a disk of acrylic plastic moving freely on the opposite end. This disk is placed coaxially and is equal to the gamma chamber detector crystal. The device makes it possible to use ordinary medical couches covered with a porolone mattress when the gamma chamber detector is placed below.

[Improvement in radionuclide imaging of the adrenals]. / Sovershenstvovanie radionuklidnoi vizualizatsii nadpochechnikov.

The most adequate method of extracting the background in radionuclide images is proposed. The level of the 131I labelled cholesterol in the adrenal glands is detected with the system consisting of the gamma camera and computer. The method represents a solution of an incorrect problem. Variations of the background caused by the effect of the radiopharmaceutical preparation (RPP) in the liver are assumed to be exponential, and that serves as an additional information to reduce the job to the correct, steady problem. The method offers higher accuracy and consistency as compared to the conventional averaging in detecting the level of the RPP absorbed in the adrenal glands.

[Integral index of the rate of blood clearance of labelled hippuran]. / Integral'nyi pkozatel' skorosti ochishcheniia krovi ot mechenogo gippurana.

Significant correlation between the values of the effective renal blood flow (RBF) and indices calculated on a curve of "blood" radioactivity was established. Based on a comparison between RBF values and indirect indices some equations were obtained characterizing mathematical dependence between them. A conclusion has been made that the integral index of blood clearance of labeled hippuran calculated by indirect indices, is more accurate and can be used in routine studies.

[Kidney function in persons with disordered glucose tolerance and in patients with initial type I and II diabetes mellitus]. / Sostoianie pochek u lits s narushennoi tolerantnost'iu k gliukoze i u bol'nykh s nachal'nym sakharnym diabetom tipov I i II.

The renal function was investigated in 17 subjects with disordered glucose tolerance, in 14 patients with diabetes mellitus of the I type, persisted up to one year, and in 11 patients with primary diabetes mellitus of the II type. The renal secretory-excretory function (RSEF) and the effective renal circulation (ERC) were studied by means of radioisotopic technique, using 131I-hippuran. The patients were examined over a period of diabetes mellitus decompensation. The results obtained have shown no changes in the renal function of patients with decreased glucose tolerance, testifying to a significant role of obviously disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in the development of diabetic angionephropathy. In patients with diabetes mellitus of the I type the retained urine passage and ERC rise were observed, whereas in patients with the disease of the II type the decreased ERC and unchanged RSEF were seen. According to the data obtained it was concluded that the differences in the renal function of patients with diabetes mellitus of the I and II types are caused by various clinical courses.

[Evaluation of the photon correlation method of measuring skin blood flow and its use in the diagnosis of microcirculation disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Otsenka foton-korreliatsionnogo metoda izmereniia kozhnogo krovotoka i ego ispol'zovaniia v diagnostike narushenii mikrotsirkuliatsii u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

A new photon-correlation method for measuring blood flow and traditional methods for blood flow measurements according to the clearance of 133Xe were studied and compared. The measurement data of the skin circulation by the photon-correlation method and according to the clearance of 133Xe are in linear relationship, the correlation ratio being equal to +0.93 (P less than 0.01). At the same time the photon-correlation method has some advantages. Particularly it is marked by non-invasiveness, high accuracy, good reproducibility of the data and short exposure time. Photon-correlation spectroscopy was used to perform clinical studies of the skin circulation in different anatomic areas of the skin in diabetes mellitus patients. Altogether 117 subjects aged 19-60 years were examined. There were 38 healthy subjects and 79 patients with diabetes mellitus. The skin circulation was measured from the finger tip and from the internal surface of the upper third of the forearm. In healthy subjects, the skin circulation appeared substantially higher in the finger tip than in the forearm. In diabetes mellitus patients, the circulation in the finger skin was also higher than in the skin of the forearm. As compared to healthy subjects, the patients manifested a significant lowering in the finger circulation and only the tendency towards its decrease in the forearm.

[Assessment of the passage of urine in the upper urinary tract based on radionuclide renographic data]. / Otsenka passazha mochi v verkhnikh mochevykh putiakh po dannym radionulkidnoi renografii.

A group of 516 patients was studied using the routine renographic method. It can be admitted that 3 min after registration of maximum radioactivity in the kidney the curve of the radionephrogram in the interval of 7 min and that of radioactivity in the cardiac area within the same time interval are similar. Proceeding from this supposition coefficients of intensity of hippuran comparative outflow from the kidneys (K), from the kidney and blood (D) have been proposed. Using K and D coefficients the criteria of an extent of urinary passage delay from the upper urinary tract were determined. It has been established that renal function increases with age; therefore, age should be taken into consideration while assessing renographic results. In nephroptosis due to kidney forward shift the renal function index is to be understated. Renography has been shown advantageous in the evaluation of urine function and passage before chromocystoscopy in cancer patients.

[Availability and clinical informative value of thyroid function tests]. / Dostupnost' i klinicheskaia informativnost' tireoidnykh testov.

The use of quantitative analysis (point system) suggests that informativeness of a complex of tests of radioactive iodine absorption by the thyroid and radioimmunoassay of hormones is conclusive. It is recommended that a staged approach (primary application of the available tests) be used in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction.

[Mechanisms affecting the development of hyperplasia of the thyroid parenchyma]. / Mekhanizmy vliiaiushchie na razvitie giperplazii tireoidnoi parenkhimy.

One of the basic mechanisms of the thyroid hyperplasia development, not depending on the thyroid abnormality character, is the necessity for augmentation of the contact extent between the blood and thyroid gland, resultant from an absolute or relative iodide deficiency in the thyroid tissue.

[Glomerular filtration and vascular permeability in diabetes mellitus]. / O klubochkovoi fil'tratsii i pronitsaemosti sosudov u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Renal function (glomerular filtration) and vascular permeability were studied in 89 patients with diabetes mellitus by means of labeled renotropic compounds. There was a direct relationship between the reduced glomerular filtration, severity and duration of the disease, condition of compensation, age and body weight of diabetic patients, and the presence of diabetic vascular lesions. Vascular permeability proved to be increased in the form of diabetes mellitus and in patients with marked renal pathology.

[Effect of angioprotectors on the glomerular filtration rate and vascular permeability in diabetic angiopathies]. / Vliianie angioprotektorov na velichinu klubochkovoi fil'tratsii i pronitsaemost' sosudov u bol'nykh s diabeticheskimi angiopatiiami.

Renal function (glomerular filtration) and vascular permeability under the effect of an angioprotector were studied by means of labeled renotropic compounds in 55 patients with diabetic angiopathies. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the first group comprised 23 patients treated with anginin or prodectin alone; the second one--16 patients given dicinon or docsium, and the third one--16 patient who were given combined treatment. The best effect was noted in the latter group of patients.

[Nature of changes in glucagon secretion in diabetes mellitus]. / Kharakter izmeneniia sekretsii gliukagona u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Radioimmunological method was applied to the study of glucagon content in patients with diabetes mellitus of different severity and duration of the disease. Glucagon level on fasting stomach in patients with diabetes at the state of compensation failed to differ from that in healthy persons. But in decomensated disease with the ketoacidosis phenomena there was a sharp elevation of glucagon content with restoration to the normal after the compensation was reached. In patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by diabetic retinopathy blood glucagon content failed to correlate with the incidence of retinopathy. However, there was a direct relationship between the incidence of retinopathy and the duration of the disease. In adipose diabetic patients glucagon content was elevated, but this rise was insignificant in comparison with healthy persons.