[The optimization of the detection of tumors of the organs of the hepatobiliopancreatic area by a combination of the ultrasonic study method and of the determination of tumor markers in the blood serum]. / Optimizatsiia vyiavleniia opukholei orgnaov gepatobilipankreaticheskoi zony za schet sochetaniia ultrazvukovogo metoda issledovaniia i opredeleniia onkomarkerov v syvorotke krovi.

To find out new possibilities of improving the diagnosis of tumors of the hepatobiliopancreatic area, comparative assessment was made of the efficacy of ultrasonography and detection of oncomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen CA-19-9) in blood serum of patients with suspected carcinoma and metastatic injury to the liver, the biliary system and pancreas. Analysis of the results has shown that echography is highly informative in the diagnosis of the given pathology type. However, in some cases, particularly in those where ultrasonography is impeded or else its results are inconclusive, it is advisable that the concentration of oncomarkers (preferably of CA-19-9) be measured additionally in blood serum, with those oncomarkers producing the highest effect in tumors of the biliary system and pancreas.

[Experimental studies of the possibilities of radioimmunodetection of cancer of the large intestine by subcutaneous administration of iodinated antibodies to intestinal antigen beta1-MA]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie vozmozhnosti radioimmunodetektsii rakatolstoi kishki pri podkozhnoi vvedenii iodirovannykh antitel k kishechnomu antigenu beta1 MA.

131I- and 125I-labeled rabbit antibodies (AB) to the specific human intestinal beta 1MA were administered sc and iv to nude mice xenografts of human colon carcinoma. A study was made of the pharmacokinetics of labeled AB in the recipients' organs and tissues, measuring the radioactivity of tissue specimens on days 2, 3, 4 and 7 after injection with a gamma-counter, calculating specific radioactivity and accumulation indices. Tumors were visualized with a gamma-camera and a scanner. Proceeding from the comparison of the results of sc and iv administration of iodinated AB, a conclusion has been made of the applicability of sc injections of the agent for immunoscintigraphy.

[The concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen Ca-19-9 in the blood serum in cancerous diseases of the gastrointestinal tract]. / Kontsentratsiia rakovo-émbrional'nogo antigena i karbogidratnogo antigena Ca-19-9 v syvorotke krovi pri onkologicheskikh zabolevaniiakh zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta.

The results of comparative investigation of 266 cancer patients, 44 patients with benign G. I. tract diseases and 66 healthy subjects using 2 tumor markers (CEA and Ca-19-9) showed the diagnostic value of both methods, not exceeding 38-42%. The most informative were the data on patients with pancreatic and colorectal cancers as well as in patients with detected metastases. Significant differences in the sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic informative value between the two markers were undetectable.

[A comparative evaluation of methods for diagnosing recurrence of rectal cancer after radical surgery]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka metodov diagnostiki retsidivov raka priamoi kishki posle radikal'nykh operatsii.

As a result of a study of 173 cases of rectal cancer, applicability of bleomycin-111indium for diagnosis of tumor recurrences was shown. Assays of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a separate diagnostic procedure proved inadequate due to their low sensitivity (42.1%). Since the effectiveness of ultrasonography application in diagnosing rectal cancer was as high as 91%, it should be recommended for follow-up of radically operated patients.

[Radioimmunodetection of human colonic cancer transplanted into thymus-deficient mice using antibodies to the intestinal antigen]. / Radioimmunodetektsiia raka tolstoi kishki cheloveka, transplantirovannogo bestimusnym mysham, s pomoshch'iu antitel k kishechnomu antigenu.

131I-antibodies (Ab) to human organ-specific intestinal antigen--beta 1-MA (maconial antigen) were injected intravenously to nude mice to whom various human tumors including colon tumors had been transplanted. Ab distribution in recipient tissues and in tumors was determined over time with the help of a gamma-counter. Ab to beta 1-MA was shown to localize specifically in colon tumors. 131I-Ab accumulation in this tumor exceeded the background level in tumor-bearing tissues. The excess increased with time as a result of slower Ab clearance of colon tumors as compared to normal tissues. beta 1-MA was detected immunohistochemically in the mouse colon epithelium however elevated accumulation of Ab to beta 1-MA injected into the blood flow in the intestine was undetectable.

[The microstructural analysis of scintigrams]. / Mikrostrukturnyi analiz stsintigramm.

A method of assessment of a zone of scintigraphic image based on a textural analysis was proposed. The method was tested by means of an analysis of synthesized images and assessment of 285 scintigrams of various hepatic lesions. The use of the method made it possible to improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis at the expense of defining the structures typical of diffuse and multiple small focal lesions which were undetectable by visualization.

[Carbohydrate antigen (CA-19-9) in the blood serum of patients with benign and malignant liver diseases]. / Uglevodnyi antigen (CA-19-9) v syvorotke krovi bol'nykh s dobrokachestvennymi i zlokachestvennymi zabolevaniiami pecheni.

The concentration of a new tumor marker CA-19-9 was determined in the blood serum of 51 patients with different diseases and in 38 healthy persons. In 95% of the examined persons, the concentration of CA-19-9 in the blood serum did not exceed 15 Units/ml in health. In the patients with benign focal and diffuse liver diseases and in the patients with rectal cancer without metastases to the liver, the level and frequency of the elevated CA-19-9 content in the blood serum did not practically differ from those in health. In primary and metastatic liver cancer, the CA-19-9 content was considerably elevated in all the patients. The combination of the CA-19-9 and CEA tests did not add to the efficacy of differential diagnosis between benign and malignant liver lesions.

[Tumor markers in focal and diffuse liver diseases]. / Opukholevye markery pri ochagovykh i diffuznykh zabolevaniiakh pecheni.

The level of tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, ferritin, beta 2-microglobulin) in the blood serum was determined in 147 patients with benign and malignant hepatic diseases, 105 patients with cancer of extrahepatic site, Stage I-IV, without liver metastases (a control group) and 36 practically healthy persons. An analysis of the results obtained allowed one to establish that an increase in the concentration of tumor markers as compared to the normal one, is noted in both malignant and benign hepatic diseases as well as in the control group. However hepatic tumors were caused by a more frequent rise of the concentration of tumor markers in the blood serum with higher absolute values. Among benign hepatic diseases the most frequent increase in the level of tumor markers was noted in hepatitis and cirrhosis.