A comparative study of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft alone and with 1% metformin in the treatment of intrabony defects in patients with chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Periodontal disease is ubiquitous and its treatment requires a detailed treatment plan. Biomaterials are often used along with demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) for periodontal regeneration. One percent metformin has evolved as a regeneration material. This study was initiated to assess and compare the regenerative potential of DFDBA alone and with 1% metformin in the treatment of intrabony defects in subjects with chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: 20 sites with intrabony defects were diagnosed of which 10 were assigned to Group A (1% Metformin + DFDBA) and 10 to Group B (DFDBA alone). Clinical parameters were measured at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively, whereas radiographic parameters were measured at baseline and 9 months postoperatively, and data were statistically analyzed. Results: Both the groups showed a statistically significant improvement in probing pocket depth and relative attachment level at 9 months. Radiographically, a statistically significant reduction in defect depth was seen in both the groups at 9 months. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as far as crestal bone loss is concerned. No statistically significant difference was seen for clinical and radiographic parameters between the test and control groups. Conclusions: The addition of 1% metformin to DFDBA did not have any additional benefits in the treatment of subjects with defects which are intrabony.

The effect of indocyanine green-mediated photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A comparative split-mouth randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT) (using 810 nm diode laser and Indocyanine green as photosensitizer) in chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with untreated chronic periodontitis were included. Treatment was done according to a split mouth design. All sites received periodontal treatment comprising scaling and root-planing (SRP). Test group were additionally treated with PDT. Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) and Relative Attachment Level (RAL) were evaluated at baseline, 1 month and 3 months. RESULTS: Mean baseline values for PI, GI, PPD and RAL were not different in the test group and control group. Statistical significant difference in PPD and RAL, 3 months after treatment was seen in test group as compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic periodontitis, clinical outcomes of conventional SRP can be improved by adjunctive PDT.

Implants in adolescents.

Implants have gained tremendous popularity as a treatment modality for replacement of missing teeth in adults. There is extensive research present on the use of implants in adults, but there is a dearth of data available on the same in adolescents. The treatment planning and execution of implant placement in adolescents is still in its infancy. This review article is an attempt to bring together available literature.