Occupational exposure to urinary bladder carcinogens - risk factors, molecular mechanisms and biomarkers.

Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most frequent forms of cancer, particularly in Caucasian population. Many environmental factors are recognized as carcinogenic in humans for this form of neoplasia and some of them are related to occupation. In order to illustrate these effects, we have selected several relevant cases with smoking and occupational exposure to carcinogens and their histopathological findings. We reviewed the most important research published in the field of environmental-genomic interaction in relation with the oncogenesis of BC. Three main directions have been identified and described in the article: the environmental factors involved in BC pathogenesis and evolution, the molecular mechanisms involved in cell mitosis control and xenobiotic metabolism related to the qualitative and quantitative exposure and, finally, the possible biomarkers of the tumor evolution. From the genomic and proteomic research, new biomarkers emerged that are in the validation process. Immunohistochemical methods open also new perspectives to the diagnostic algorithms and could serve as prognosis biomarkers.

A Rare Case of Benign Xanthogranuloma Located on the Uterine Cervix - a Case Report.

We report the case of a 44-year-old woman who presented with vaginal bleeding. Vaginal examination and colposcopy showed a tumor on the anterior lip of the cervix. Trans-vaginal sonography revealed a thickened endometrium with accentuated vascularization. Samples from the tumor and endometrium were collected by byopsic curettage. Histopathologic examination showed atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium and benign xanthogranuloma of the cervix. Therefore, surgical intervention was performed.

Cutaneous verrucous carcinoma - report of three cases with review of literature.

Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is well differentiated and rarely metastases but can sometimes be very aggressive locally in depth. The paper presents three cases of cutaneous verrucous carcinoma with different localizations. The first patient shows a lesion in the sacrogluteal region, the second one presented a tumor localized on the auricle (external ear), and the third patient showed a tumor on the sole of the foot. All patients underwent tumor excision and the histopathological diagnosis was verrucous carcinoma. In the first two cases, the surgery was completely curative by excision of the tumors. In the last case, the patient had relapsed and due to the aggressive nature of the tumor, which infiltrated the deeper plans, the tumor had reached the bone. None of the patients showed any metastases.

A rare case of uterine myxoid leiomyosarcoma: a case report.

We present the rare case of a 61-year-old female patient who was submitted in the hospital with metrorrhagia and pelvi-abdominal pain. Echographic examination revealed an heterogeneous uterine mass measuring 190/130/110 mm. Therefore, total hysterectomy with bilateral ooforectomy was performed. Grossly, the uterus presented a tumoral mass with areas of hemorrhage, necrosis and abundant mucoid degeneration. On light microscopic examination a malignant neoplastic proliferation with features of myxoid leiomyosarcoma was noted. In this paper, we presented this rare form of leiomyosarcoma with an emphasis on its particularities that have not been mentioned in the literature.