Angioarchitecture of the anterior and medium parts of the palatine mucosa of the gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus.

The aim of this study was to examine the microvasculature of the anterior and medium portions of the hard palatine mucosa in the adult gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) using scanning electron microscopy. The vascular corrosion casts were obtained by injection of Mercox CL-2B synthetic resin and tissue corrosion was performed using sodium hydroxide solution. These casts revealed the presence of capillary loops in the palatine plicae and a smoother/flatter vascular network in the interplicae areas. The capillary loops consisted mainly of anteriorly oriented hair-pins and we also verified a differentiation in the shape of endothelial cell nuclei, which were elongated in arterial and circular in venous vessels.

Perivascular injury leads to a reduction in vascular reactivity of the collared and to an enhancement on contralateral carotid artery of rats.

BACKGROUND: The first response to perivascular injury is observed in the adventitial layer. The purpose of this study was to determine the time course of vascular reactivity alterations after collar injury in rats. We also analyzed the relation between adventitial layer injury and vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictor agents. METHODS: Wistar rats had a silicone collar positioned around the carotid artery. The ipsilateral and contralateral arteries were morphologically analyzed 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after injury, and cumulative concentration-response curves to phenylephrine (Phe), angiotensin II (Ang II) and KCl were obtained for arteries isolated from collared and sham-operated groups. RESULTS: Inflammatory cells and fibroblasts were observed in the adventitial layer of collared arteries 4, 7, 14 and 28 days after injury. Intimal thickening was observed in collared arteries only 14 and 28 days after perivascular injury. A decrease in maximum effect values (Emax) for Phe, Ang II and KCl was observed in the collared artery when compared with the contralateral artery at all times after injury, whereas an increase in vascular responsiveness was observed in the contralateral artery 4 days after injury. CONCLUSIONS: The impairment of the contractile response preceded the intimal thickening. The compromise of vascular reactivity coincided with the presence of inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in the adventitial layer. The enhancement of the efficacy and potency of Ang II and Phe in collared-contralateral arteries 4 days after collar placement may be related to a receptor-mediated compensatory mechanism stimulated by the collar injury.

Effects of alcohol consumption on osseointegration of titanium implants in rabbits.

Alcohol consumption affects bone metabolism by impairing osteoblast proliferation and by increasing osteoclastic activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone formation in alcohol-fed rabbits following the insertion of dental titanium implants. Animals were fed with 20% ethanol sugarcane brandy pre- and postoperatively (group 1), preoperatively only (group 2), and with water as control (group 3). During the postoperative period, rabbits received doses of polyfluorochrome labels (i.e., alizarin, calcein, and tetracycline). Rabbits were killed 8 weeks after the implant insertion. The polyfluorochrome-labeled bone areas in rabbits with alcohol consumption in pre- and postoperative (group 1) and preoperatively only (group 2) were significantly less (P <.05) than in the control group (group 3). The percentage of direct bone-to-implant contact was significantly less in pre- and postoperative (49.5%) and preoperative-only (49.2%) groups than in the control group (64.7%) (P <.05). Alcoholic rabbits demonstrated significantly less bone density and direct bone-to-implant contact.

Morphological alterations in the masseter muscle induced by unilateral extraction of the upper molars in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los aspectos morfológicos del sistema estomatognático y su relación con la mala oclusión. Con tal propósito, determinamos las alteraciones morfológicas que ocurren en el músculo masetero de cobayas, Cavia porcellus después de la inducción de mala oclusión a través de la extracción de los molares superiores del lado izquierdo. Los animales (n=20) fueron divididos en dos grupos (control y experimental), los cuales fueron sometidos a análisis biométricos, angioarquitecturales macroscópicos y al microscopio de luz. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concluir que, después de 60 días de extracción dental unilateral hubo reducción en el ancho y en el grosor del músculo masetero del grupo experimental. Microscópicamente, se observaron fibras musculares de variados diámetros, de forma redondeada y poligonal, fibras musculares alteradas con un núcleo central, además de fibras en degeneración y macrófagos evidentes en la parte profunda del músculo.

Avaliação macro e microscópica da cicatrização de lesões experimentalmente provocadas em pele de coelhos tratadas com secreção mucoglicoproteica do escargot Achatina fulica / Evaluation of the Achatina fulica snail mucoglycoproteic secretion in surgical injury done in rabbits

Os escargots são animais capazes de produzir através de glândulas localizadas em toda superfície do seu corpo, uma secreção glicoproteica com um poder antibacteriano que participa na própria imunidade inata¹. O poder antimicrobiano de determinadas substâncias pode auxiliar nos processos de reparação de feridas de origens diversas. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de avaliar macroscopicamente e histologicamente, os efeitos reparadores do muco do escargot Achatina fulica, em lesões provocadas por instrumento cortante na pele de coelhos. Incisões de 10cm de comprimento foram realizadas na pele de 15 coelhos. Estes foram divididos em três grupos e submetidos aos respectivos tratamentos: 1) tratamento com o muco na forma pura, 2) tratamento com o muco sob a forma de pomada e 3) um grupo sem receber o tratamento (controle). As características macroscópicas da lesão foram registradas diariamente e para a análise histológica, uma biópsia foi realizada após 72 horas de tratamento. Os fragmentos processados rotineiramente e corados com Tricrômio de Masson. Histologicamente, a epiderme dos coelhos tratados mostrou uma camada basal de células cúbicas, enquanto os do grupo controle apresentaram uma camada basal de células cilíndricas com áreas desorganizadas e a derme apresentou um estágio mais avançado no processo de reparo quando comparado ao controle. A evolução macroscópica no processo de cicatrização ocorreu num menor espaço de tempo nos coelhos do grupo pomada, em relação aos demais tratamentos.

Escargots are animals capable to produce a glycoproteic secretion by glands located in all the surface of their bodies which among other functions presents anti-bacterial power and participation in the own immunity. The antimicrobioan power of certain substances may aid of repair of wounds with several origins. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate macroscopic and histologically the reparative effects of the mucus of Achatina fulica escargots on lesions made in the skin of rabbits. Incisions were performed in the skin of 15 rabbits, separated in three groups according to the treatment received. Immediately after the lesion, the respective treatments with pure mucus form and in ointment form were supplied, while the other group received no treatment (control group). The macroscopic characteristics of the lesion were registered daily and a biopsy was performed 72 hours after the treatments. The fragments were processed and stained with Masson's trichrome. The macroscopic evolution in the cicatrization process ocurred in a shorter period of time in rabbits from the ointment group, comparativity with the other groups. Histologically, the epidermis of the treated rabbits showed a basal layer of cubic cells, while rabbits of the control group presented a basal layer of cylindrical cells with cutaneous debris.

Morphology of the submandibular gland of the gerbil meriones unguiculatus: a macroscopic and light microscopy study

La morfología de la glándula submandibulardel gerbil fue estudiada macro y microscópicamente. Diez gerbiles fueron anestesiados, perfundidos e inyectados con formalina al 10 por ciento. La región cervical anterior de cada animal fue disecada para efectuar el análisis macroscópico de la glándula submandibular. Para el análisis histológico, las piezas fueron fijadas en la misma solución e incluidas en parafina para los procesos de rutina. Cortes seriados de 6-um fueron teñidos con hematoxilina-eosina y picrosirius, para análisis al microscopio de luz. Los resultados mostraron que la glándula submandibular de gerbil presentaba una forma ovoidea y localizada en la región submandibular, midiendo aproximadamente 9.0 mm de longitud y 5.9 mm de ancho. Histológicamente, cada acino estaba constituido por cuatro tipos de células dispuesta irregularmente. El sistema de ductos constaba de cuatro segmentos distintos: ductos intercalar, granuloso, estriado y excretor

Morphologic study of the masseter muscle of gerbil: meriones unguiculatus

El daño de los músculos masticadores relacionados con desórdenes cráneomandibulares son aspectos comunes en la clínica. Es importante contar con datos morfológicos de estos músculos en el sistema estomatognático. El propósito de este trábajo es mostrar la morfología del músculo masetero del gerbil Meriones unguiculatus, desde el nivel macroscópico hasta el de microscopía electrónica. En la observación macroscópica fueron utilizados 5 animales que fueron perfundidos con sulución de formalina al 100 por ciento. Las disecciones fueron fotografiadas. Posteriormente, los músculos fueron removidos e sumergidos en la solución de formalina, por unos pocos días. Las muestras fueron procesadas a través de técnicas histológicas convencionales y sumergidas en parafina. Cortes seriados de 6 um fueron teñidos con H. E. analizados y fotografiados con un fotomicroscopio JENAMED. Nuestros resultados mostraron que el músculo masetero presentaba 5 fascículos, los cuales se mezclaban en la porción media, y algunos husos estaban fusionados con la cápsula externa de ellos mismos, pareciendo husos gigantes

Scanning electron microscopy of the rat tongue mucosa with special attention to bacteria on epithelial cell membranes / Microscopia eletrônica de varredura da mucosa da língua de ratos com enfoque em bactérias em menbranas de células epiteliais

The authors examined the filiform and fungiform papillae surfaces of rat tongue by scanning electron microscopy showing the numerous groupings of bacteria on the epithelial cell membranes. The fungiform papillae were round in shape and presented few bacteria. The epithelial cell of filiform papillae revealed numerous streptococci. The grouping of the bacteria are attached on the epithelial cell membrane, demonstrating three-dimensional SEM images

High resolution scanning electron microscopy study of the bacteria adhesion in the epithelial cell membranes of the third anterior part of young rat tongue mucosa

Los autores relatan la presencia de bacterias sobre la superficie de las células epiteliales el tercio anterior de la mucosa lingual de ratas jóvenes a través del microscopio de barrido de alta resolución. Las células epiteliales de las papilas filiformes y fungiformes revelaron numerosos grupos de bacterias. Estas bacterias están fijadas sobre la membrana de las células epiteliales claramente visualizadas en imágenes tridimensionales

Angioarchitectural arrangements in corrosion casts of the tongue of young malnourished rats

Casts of the microvascular of three types of lingual papillae have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) employing the corrosive resin cast technique. The microvascular arrangements of the filiform papillae exhibit both a simple and a twisted capillary loops. The fungiform papillae which are formed by capillary network resembles a cylinder with a central hole on it. At a high magnification, the venulaeexhibit nuclear imprint of the endothelial cells. The data presented in this study show the general arrangement and angioarchitecture of the lingual papillae in rats on a protein-free diet.

Bifurcation of the basilar artery and its relationship with the superior cerebellar artery at the proximal portion of the anterior pontine segment

The level of bifurcation of the basilar artery (BA) and its relationship with the initial course of the anterior pontine part of the superior cerebellar artery (SCA) was studied considering side, sex, ethnic group (EG) and horizontal cephalic index (HCI). The study was conducted in 70 brain from Brazilian adult cadavers of both sexes and from ethnic groups whose arteries were injected with neoprene latex. Cephalic measurements were taken for each individual according to MARTIN-SALLER's techniques. The BA presented higher bifurcation in the most of the cases in white and non-white, dolico-mesocephalic and brachy-hyperbrachycephalic group and in both sexes, and the SCA followed a superior course more frequently in the left side of these groups. The lower bifurcation of BA was observed in similar percentages in the white, non-white, dolicomesocephalic and brachy-hyperbrachycephalic groups. In females this bifurcation was more frequent than in males. The anatomic variability of these arteries has a tendency to be equal distributed among the studied variables.

Characteristics of the palatine mucosa of the calomys callosus: light and sem study

Se estudiaron las características de la superficie e interfase del tejido epitelio-conjuntivo de la mucosa palatina del paladar duro del Calomys callosus, a través del microscopio de luz y de la microscopía electrónica de barrido. Seis ejemplares fueron fijados en soluciones de Bouin y de Kamovsky modificada. Los resultados mostraron que las regiones anterior y media presentan pliegues transversales y superficies planas adyacentes. La superficie mostraba un epitelio escamoso queratinizado. La lámina propia de la mucosa palatina presentaba abundante tejido conjuntivo papilar de variadas formas. Próximo a la región de los dientes, el tejido conjuntivo papilar era más abundante. El pliegue transversal medía entre 150 µm y 300 µm de diámetro. La superficie de la mucosa palatina del paladar duro del Calomys callosus presentaba células epiteliales poligonales. Algunas células descamativas se notaban claramente. La superficie de la interfase del tejido epitelio-conjuntivo presentaba abundante tejido conjuntivo papilar primario y secundario. La red de gruesos haces de fibras colágenas se observaban en cada papila, mostrando imágenes tridimensionales

Puente muscular hipotenar en relación al nervio ulnar / Hipothenar muscular bridge in relation to the ulnar nerve

El nervio ulnar pasa a través de un estrecho canal en la parte proximal de la región hipotenar y puede ser comprimido por diversas causas, incluyendo músculos anómalos. Con el propósito de verificar la presencia de músculos o fascículos accesorios relacionados con el nervio ulnar en ese canal, se estudiaron 60 manos de cadáveres formolizados de individuos brasileños, adultos, de ambos sexos. Se observó la presencia de una cabeza accesoria del músculo abductor del dedo mínimo en 3 casos (5,0 por ciento) pasando a manera de puente sobre este nervio. Una contractura de esta cabeza muscular podría comprimir al nervio ulnar.

Morphologic, morphometric and stereologic analysis of palatine mucosa of rat fetuses after methylmercury administration to the dams during pregnancy

El cloruro de metilmercurio, administrado oralmente a ratas wistar en el día 10 de la gestación (20 mg/kg), originó fetos y placentas menores y cordones umbilicales más cortos. Las incidencias de mortalidad y de reabsorciones se encontraron aumentadas. Histológicamente, el epitelio del paladar duro fue más fino, debido a la reducción significativa del espesor de capa espinosa, con células de menor tamaño y más numerosas. Por otro lado, el epitelio del paladar blando no mostró alteraciones del espesor, y las células presentaron las mismas características. Morfométriucamente, el vólumen celular estaba disminuido en los epitelios del paladar duro y blando. La densidad numérica celular fue mayor en los epitelios del paladar blando y duro. No se observaron alteraciones del espesor de la queratina en el epitelio de los dos regiones palatinas.

Estudio cariométrico del epitelio lingual de fetos de ratas tratadas con albendazol durante la preñez / Kariometric study of the epithelium of the tongue in rat fetuses treated with albendazole during pregnancy

La administración de albendazol (5mg/kg/día) a ratas Wistar en el 9º, 10º y 11º día de preñez, causó retardo de crecimiento intrauterino de fetos y placentas y disminución de la longitud de los cordones umbilicales. El epitelio de la mucosa lingual reveló disminución de espesor, con células mayores y menos numerosas. La región dorsal posterior de la mucosa lingual de los fetos del grupo tratado, no presentó queratina. El epitelio de la región ventral de la mucosa lingual no presentó capas granulosa ni córnea. Los resultados obtenidos mediante métodos cariométricos permiten sugerir que el epitelio de la mucosa lingual de los fetos del grupo tratado con albendazol, presenta aspectos de inmadurez y retardo de la diferenciación celular.

Stereo architecture of the connective tissue cores of the vallate papillae in the armadillo: dasypus novemcinctus tongue

Fué estudiada la estructura del tejido conectivo de las papilas valadas de la mucosa lingual de armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus, empleando un microscopio electrónico de barrido. Las papilas filiformes envuelven las papilas valadas. Estas tienen un diámetro ántero-posterior entre 0,8-1,0 mm. Las piezas tratadas en solución de NaOH mostraron que la capa epitelial fue removida, alterando la disposición original de las fibras colágenas de la lamina propria. Las papilas filiformes presentan forma redondeada y las fibras colágenas son delgadas. En la superficie de la lámina propria de la papila valada, puede ser observada una red con fibras colágenas espesas y delgadas

Fine structure of the sensory nerve endings of the lower lip mucosa of Cebus apella monkey

The morphology of the sensory nerve endings of lower lip mucosa was studied using transmission electron microscopy. The sensory nerve endings are constituted by several thin terminal axons ranging from O.25 to 1.5 mum, and each one is somrrounded by cytoplasmic processes of lamellar cells. These lamellae measure approximately 0.l5mum in width, and contain rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, microfilaments, and caveolae. Between the lamellae and the terminal axons and also the adjacent lamella are noted desmosome-type junctions. The terminal axons contain numerous mitochondria and clear vesicles measuring from 30 to 5Onm in diameter. The basal lamina of lamellar processes is generally extense appearing as several electron dense lines, and the interlamellar space is characterized by an amorphous substance and some fine collagen fibrils.

Ultrastructure of the Merkel corpuscles of the lower lip mucosa inferior del mono cebus apella

Se estudió la ultraestructura de los corpúsculos de Merkel en la mucosa del labio inferior del labio de los monos Cebus apella. Las células de Merkel se localizan en la base de la red epitelial adyacente e intimamente asociada con una o dos terminaciones nerviosas intra-epiteliales. Las células de Merkel poseen un núcleo dentado, caracterizado por la concentración de numerosos gránulos denso-teñidos con un rango que varía de 30 a 80 nm de diámetro. Las protrusiones citoplasmáticas de las células de Merkel se extienden en los espacios intercelulares, conteniendo microfilamentos paralelos orientados longitudinalmente. Se observan uniones tipo desmosomas entre el axón terminal y las células de Merkel y queratinocitos adyacentes. El axón terminal muestra la presencia de numerosas mitocondrias y vesículas claras que miden de 30 a 50 nm de diámetro. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la protrusión citoplasmática puede servir para detectar el movimiento de queratinocitos adyacentes y también relaciona la capa epitelial con el tejido conectivo de la lámina basal

Scanning electron microscopic study of the epithelial cells and the epithelium-connective tissue interface of the inferior surface of macaca fuscata tongue mucosa

The characteristics of the epithelial cells and the epithelium-connective tissue interface of the inferior surface of Macaca fuscata tongue mucosa were described employing a scanning electron microscope. The specimens were fixed in buffered modified Karnovsky solution and after that with or without treatment with NaOH, were postfixed in osmium tetroxide. They were dehydrated with acetone, critical point dried with Hitachi, HCP-2, covered with gold ions in a Polaron coating device and examined in a Hitachi S-800, scanning electron microscope. The inferior surface of Macaca fuscata tongue mucosa presents numerous microridges. These layers are constituted by polygonal epithelial cells, containing numerous microplicae. These are isolated or grouped, with circular, elongated or pointed shapes. In NaOH treated specimens we noted the existence of numerous connective tissue papillae of several forms and sizes. In the intermediate phase of corrosion, the deep layer of epithelial cells can be seen. Small foramina of ducts of salivary glands are found on the connective tissue surface, and they are surrounded by a circular disposition of collagen fibrils.