Enhancing Systemic Translocation of Insecticides via Nanoformulations Incorporating ß-Cyclodextrin Octadecarboxylate as a Carrier.

The conversion of contact-killing pesticides into systemic pesticides can significantly enhance the bioavailability of pesticides, thereby reducing pesticide usage and environmental harm. A series of ß-cyclodextrin fatty acid esters with varying branch chains were synthesized and employed as carriers in nanoformulation of insecticide. The investigation revealed that nanoformulations prepared using ß-cyclodextrin octadecarboxylate (ß-CDs) exhibited superior stability and remarkable systemic translocation within plants. Six contact-killing insecticide nanoformulations were developed utilizing ß-CDs as carriers, and tests indicated that ß-CDs significantly enhanced the systemic translocation of insecticides in plants compared to carrier-free nanoformulations. It was found that ß-CDs increased the level of systemic translocation of insecticides by 5-12 times. Additionally, characterization results from λ-cyhalothrin-ß-CDs nanoformulation demonstrated their superior ability to improve photolysis resistance, prolong release time, and extend insecticidal duration. Consequently, ß-CDs can be utilized as a green additive in pesticide production to enhance the systemic translocation of pesticides in plants and increase their bioavailability.

2-Chloro-N-{5-[(4R,5R,10S)-dehydro-abiet-4-yl]-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2-yl}benzamide.

There are two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(28)H(32)ClN(3)OS (systematic name: 2-chloro-N-{5-[(1R,4aS,10aR)-7-isopropyl-1,4a-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octa-hydro-phenanthren-1-yl]-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2-yl}benzamide). In each mol-ecule, the cyclo-hexyl ring attached to the thia-diazole fragment adopts a classic chair conformation with two of its two methyl groups in the axial positions. In the crystal, pairs of inter-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers, which are further linked via C-H⋯π inter-actions.

rac-(1R,2S,6R,7R)-4-{[(1E)-(2-Chloro-phen-yl)methyl-idene]amino}-1-isopropyl-7-methyl-4-aza-tricyclo-[5.2.2.0]undec-8-ene-3,5-dione.

The title compound, C(21)H(23)ClN(2)O(2), was synthesized from N-amino-α-terpinene maleimide and 2-chloro-benzaldehyde. There are two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit which are linked via an inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond. The crystal studied was found to be a partial merohedral twin, with a 0.74 (7):0.26 (7) domain ratio.