RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The authors' goal was to determine the prevalence of affective disorder, a history of traumatic events and the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis in their relationship to 'psychopathy' in a sample of younger male delinquents admitted to a correctional institution. METHOD: As part of routine mental health screening, the SCID-1 and Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R) were administered to 102 inmates aged 17-27 years. RESULTS: Affective disorder was found in 28% and 29% had a history of suicidal attempts. The PCL-R-score was significantly correlated with the number of prior threatening events, but PTSD could not be diagnosed in the 'psychopathic' group. The prevalence of affective disorder was significantly higher in the 'non-psychopathic' group. CONCLUSION: The inverse relationship between threatening events and the PTSD diagnosis seems to indicate other coping modalities than those found in 'non-psychopaths'. That finding is discussed against the background of psychophysiological data and psychosocial learning models.
Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/epidemiologia , Delinquência Juvenil/psicologia , Transtornos do Humor/epidemiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/diagnóstico , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/etiologia , Psiquiatria Legal , Humanos , Delinquência Juvenil/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Transtornos do Humor/complicações , Transtornos do Humor/diagnóstico , Determinação da Personalidade , Prisioneiros , Estudos de Amostragem , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/complicações , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Sono/fisiologia , Síndrome de Tourette/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
We investigated self-reported sleep quality in a group of 50 patients in different stages of HIV-1 infection by using a standardized questionnaire (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Alterations of sleep were found to be significantly correlated with the most severe stage of infection in AIDS patients. Analysis of data failed to indicate a significant influence of zidovudine on self-reported sleep quality.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Autorrevelação , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/complicações , Zidovudina/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília/psicologiaRESUMO
As part of the computerized tomographic assessment of an unselected group of 47 patients in different stages of HIV infection we determined the ventricle brain ratio (VBR) and the width of several cortical sulci. We compared the findings for subgroups of patients defined by their stage in the Walter Reed Staging Classification. There was a significant increase in VBR only in the subgroup of patients with manifest acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (WR 6). The findings are discussed in connection with the question of the likelihood that dementia will develop even in stages of HIV-infection preceding AIDS.
