Correlation between impulse oscillometry with bronchodilator reversibility in asthmatic population in a tertiary referral centre.

INTRODUCTION: Spirometry is considered as a 'gold standard' for diagnosis of asthma. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is an alternative diagnostic tool which requires less cooperation by the participants. We performed a study to determine the correlation of IOS with bronchodilator reversibility from spirometry in asthmatic participants. We studied the correlation between forced expiratory flow (FEF25%-75%) and differences between the resistance at 5Hz and 20Hz (R5-R20) in small airway disease (SAD) and the proportion of SAD diagnosed using IOS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 82 asthmatic participants in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) conducted between December 2020 till January 2022. Participants performed pre- and post-bronchodilator IOS and spirometry within the same day. Correlation between spirometry and IOS parameters and FEF25%-75% with IOS were determined and analysed. RESULTS: The change of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was statistically correlated with a change of R5 in IOS. A decrement of 14.5% in R5 can be correlated with positive bronchodilator response (BDR) with a sensitivity of 63.9% and specificity of 60.9%, p=0.007. Pre-bronchodilator FEF25%-75% correlated with all parameters of SAD in IOS, e.g., R5-R20, reactance at 5Hz (X5) and area of reactance (AX), p < 0.05. IOS detection for SAD is higher compared to FEF25%-75% in the BDR negative group (91.3% vs 58.7%). CONCLUSION: IOS detected both bronchodilator reversibility and SAD hence can be considered as an alternative tool to spirometry for diagnosis of asthma in adults. IOS detected SAD more than FEF25%-75%, especially in BDR-negative group.

Correlation between blood pressure and lung function in Malaysian adult population.

INTRODUCTION: The correlation between pulmonary function and hypertension remains ambiguous. This study therefore determined the relationship between pulmonary function and hypertension among adult subgroup in Malaysia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for this study were obtained from an ongoing Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology- Rural Urban Study (PURE RUS) , which is a prospective cohort study done by MARA University of Technology (UiTM) Medical Faculty research team to track risk factors, changing lifestyles, and chronic diseases in rural and urban population. The inclusion criteria included: Malaysian citizen, age 18-80 years, not on any anti-hypertensive agents, and able to perform lung function test. 1640 participants satisfied the criteria and were recruited in this study. RESULTS: From the studied population, males comprised 43.5% of them and female comprised 56.5%. A significant inverse relationship was found between pulmonary function and systolic blood pressure in both sexes measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1). A substantial inverse relationship was also found between pulmonary function and age, and there was a profound positive association between blood pressure and age. No major disparities were significant in pulmonary function between hypertensive and age-matched normotensive participants. CONCLUSION: Even though a substantial inverse relationship was evident between systolic blood pressure and pulmonary function, its precise clinical importance needs to be further explored particularly when age can influence both pulmonary function and blood pressure. Clearly, the impact of age has to be removed before FVC can be used as a prognosticator of hypertension.

Comparison of clinical efficacy and satisfaction of Tiotropium via Respimat® administration with and without a spacer in patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A single centre experience.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the delivery of tiotropium via Respimat® in addition to standard care of treatment among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. We study the efficacy, clinical outcome of handling inhaler device, rate of exacerbation and frequency of hospital admission of tiotropium via Respimat® with and without the use of a spacer (AeroChamber®). METHODS: Randomised, open-label study of COPD patients which was randomised into two groups: spacer or nonspacer groups using tiotropium via Respimat®. Treatment with their pre-existing inhalers continued. Subjects were assessed at weeks 0, and 8 for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), COPD assessment tool (CAT), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS: We enrolled 96 subjects: 49 in the spacer group and 47 in the non-spacer group. The mean predicted FEV1 in spacer group was 54.48% at baseline and 57.5l% at week 8: p=0.011. In the non-spacer groups, FEV1 was 54.48% at baseline and 59.20% with a mean increment of 4.72 in both groups: p=0.002. There were no difference of exacerbation rates and hospital admission between both groups. At baseline, mean CAT score in the spacer group was 14.01 which improved to 9.80 (p<0.001) and 14.01 to 8.80 (p<0.001) in the non-spacer group. SGRQ total score reduced in both groups with mean difference of 3.1 (p<0.001) and 3.7: (p<0.001) at weeks 0 to 8. CONCLUSION: There was no difference between exacerbation and hospital admissions between both groups. There was no difference in FEV1, CAT and SQRQ score using Tiotropium via Respimat® with or without a spacer.

Comparing fixed and auto adjusting continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) amongst symptomatic Obstructive Sleep Apnoea patients - A randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is required for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Thisstudy compares the efficacy between Fixed Pressure CPAP (Fixed CPAP) and Auto-adjusting Pressure (APAP) based on Apnoea Hypopnoea Index (AHI), Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) among patients with symptomatic OSA and to ascertain their CPAP preference. METHODS: This is a prospective, randomised, crossover, single-blinded study conducted from February 2018 to February 2019 among adult subjects attending respiratory clinic Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). RESULTS: Forty-six subjects were recruited with 27 males (58.7%). The mean age was 54 (+11) year old. The baseline median Body Mass Index (BMI) was 34.2 kg/m2 (Interquartile Range IQR: 30.8 kg/m2 -41.7 kg/m2); baseline median AHI 28.8 /hour (IQR 21.2/hour-54.0/hour); andbaseline median ESS 15 (IQR 13-16). After intervention, the median AHI was 5.0 / hour (IQR 4.2/hour-6.0/hour) at fixed CPAP arm; APAP arm was 5.5/ hour (IQR 4.2/hour-6.3/hour); p<0.01. The median ESS at fixed CPAP arm was 2 (IQR 0-3); APAP arm was 2 (IQR 1-3); p < 0.01. Those who preferred APAP were 22 subjects (47.8%) and had median optimal CPAP pressure 13.0 cmH2O (IQR 12.0 cmH2O -13.5 cmH2O); 24 subjects (52.2%) who preferred Fixed CPAP had median optimal CPAP pressure 8.0 cmH2O (IQR 6.3 cmH2O -8.7 cmH2O); p<0.01. Median baseline BMI was 37.6 kg/m2 (IQR 30.8 kg/m2 -43.0 kg/m2) for those who preferred APAP and 32.3 kg/m2 (IQR 30.8 kg/m2 - 38.4 kg/m2) for subjects preferred Fixed CPAP; p=0.03. DISCUSSION: Fixed CPAP maybe considered as first line therapy for symptomatic moderate and severe OSA with titrated optimal CPAP pressure less than 8 cmH2O and BMI less than 32.3 kg/m2; based on subjects' preference. Baseline AHI and average daily CPAP usage was not statisticallysignificant in affecting patient preference between fixed and auto adjusting CPAP. This is the first study of its kind conducted in Malaysia.

Recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax during pregnancy managed conservatively: a case report.

A 36-year-old lady presented with four episodes of right sided pneumothorax during pregnancy requiring multiple chest drain insertion. It was complicated with persistent air leak despite low pressure high volume suction applied to the chest drainage. She delivered safely through spontaneous vaginal delivery with chest drainage. Further imaging by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of thorax done revealed bilateral scattered pulmonary cysts and sub pleural bullae and was later followed up with respiratory unit. She had no further episodes of pneumothorax postpartum. This case highlights the vital importance of prompt recognition and management of pneumothorax in pregnancy as the patient involved is at higher risk for acute respiratory failure leading to maternal and/or foetal mortality. It is essential for early involvement of obstetric team and to expedite the delivery for a better perinatal and maternal outcome.

Purple urine bag syndrome: Case report from a nursing home resident with a false alarm of urosepsis.

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS), as the name implies produces purplish discoloration of the urine. It is commonly observed among elderly women with constipation, and individuals with long term catheter in the setting of urinary tract infection (UTI). From the literature research, there were no publications on PUBS in Malaysia; however we believe that it is underreported. We present a unique case of this rare condition occurring in a 68-year-old man, a nursing home resident on long term urinary catheter. The urine cleared after hydration, antibiotic therapy and replacement of the catheter.