Diversity identification of KPC- producing Klebsiella pneumoniae using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis.

PURPOSE: The current study aimed to determine blaKPC, blaGES, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-23, and blaOXA-48 genes in clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated in Tehran, Iran to assess genetic diversity using MLVA as a typing method. METHODS: A total of 181 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from various clinical samples. CLSI 2018 (clinical and laboratory standards institute) guidelines were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility and the Modified Hodge Test (MHT). To detect blaKPC, blaGES, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-23, and blaOXA-48, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used. The MLVA method was used to type K. pneumoniae isolates by using PCR for 8 Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs). RESULTS: Imipenem was the most effective antibiotic against K. pneumoniae, with 36.5% susceptibility. 100 (55.24%) of the isolates tested positive for KPC, and 30 (30%) tested positive for six genes. Thirty MLVA genotypes were distinguished, and an examination of diversity indexes (DIs) for eight loci revealed that seven different alleles were the most polymorphic, with the highest DI of 0.780. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that MLVA could be helpful for typing clinical strains of K. pneumoniae. Our K. pneumoniae isolates are thought to be derived from a small number of clones that have undergone minor genetic changes over time. The results also showed that this method had great potential to differentiate those strains with high phenotypic similarity. The current study has revealed some intriguing facts about K. pneumoniae genetic relatedness in Tehran, Iran.

Interference of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum With Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the Infected Burns in Wistar Rats.

Burns are the most prevalent type of trauma in the world, and they have a high fatality rate. For cutaneous wound healing, modern and natural therapies, particularly probiotic supplements, have lately been considered. The goal of this study was to see how Lactiplantibacillus plantarum affected wound healing as well as the antibacterial activity of probiotic lactobacilli against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The glass slide method was used to assess anti-adhesion activity, and the high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to quantify anti-adhesion chemicals in cell-free supernatant. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa was administered subcutaneously directly on the burn after induction of second-degree wounds. Three groups of animals were created. Every day, the supernatants were sprayed for therapy, and the wound healing was monitored. Lactobacilli bacteria had good anti-adhesion effects on P. aeruginosa, according to our findings, and high-performance liquid chromatography research revealed that their inhibitory effect could be attributable to four main organic acids: lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid. When the effect of treatments on fibroblastic cells was examined, it was discovered that the group treated with L. plantarum supernatants had the most fibroblastic cells when compared to the nontreated group. Furthermore, the bacteria increased the number of fibroblastic cells, re-epithelialization in the wound area, and the thickness of the epidermis and dermis layers. Lactobacilli bacteria's antimicrobial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa was determined by prevents infection. These findings revealed that L. plantarum can treat a P. aeruginosa infection in a second-degree burn and can significantly reduce inflammation.

Interference of Lactobacillus casei with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the treatment of infected burns in Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVES: Burns are the most common type of trauma with a high mortality rate worldwide. The use of modern and natural medicines, especially probiotic products, has been recently considered for cutaneous wound healing. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus casei on wound healing caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the anti-adhesion activity of L. casei was examined by the glass slide method, and inhibitory substances in the cell-free supernatant (CFS) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Following the induction of second-degree wounds, multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa was injected subcutaneously and directly on the burn. The animals were divided into four groups. The supernatant of L. casei was sprayed for treatment every day and wound healing was examined. RESULTS: Based on our findings, the supernatant of L. casei showed considerable anti-adhesion effects on P. aeruginosa. HPLC analysis indicated that the inhibitory effect of this supernatant can be due to four main organic acids including lactic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, and succinic acid. The effect of treatment on fibroblastic cells showed that the treated group by supernatant of L. casei had more fibroblastic cells compared with the non-treated group. Moreover, this supernatant increased the rate of fibroblastic cells, re-epithelialization in the wound area, and the largest thickness of the epidermis and dermis layers. CONCLUSION: The present findings showed that L. casei supernatant significantly reduced inflammation and could be used to treat P. aeruginosa infection in second-degree burns.