Predictors of transition in smoking stages in Iranian adolescents: latent transition analysis.

This study determined the prevalence of smoking stages in adolescents, the probability of transition across stages and the personal and environmental predictors of transition. A school-based study was conducted in 2010-11 using a random sample of 5197 students (mean age 15.7 years) in Tabriz city. The students were evaluated twice, 12-months apart. The latent transition analysis model revealed 9 interpretable statuses for the measurement of smoking stages. Prevalence data showed that at the first and second assessments 75.1% and 66.8% of students respectively were in the committer stage, while 4.8% and 7.1% respectively were daily smokers. Over 12 months, 10.1% of the never smokers became experimenters and 1.7% became regular smokers, while 17.0% of experimenters became regular smokers. The analysis also showed factors associated with transitions in cigarette smoking stages. Although the prevalence of smoking was low in our adolescents, the rate of becoming a smoker over 1 year was high.

Predictors of transition in smoking stages in Iranian adolescents: latent transition analysis

يحدد الباحثون في هذه الدراسة معدل انتشار مراحل التدخين لدى المراهقين، واحتال التحول من مرحلة إلى أخرى، والعوامل الشخصية والبيئية المنبئة بالتحول. وقد أجرى الباحثون دراسة في المدارس في عامي 2010 - 2011 واستخدموا عينة تتألف من 5197 تلميذا [العمر الوسطي 15.7 عاما]في مدينة تبريز. وقيم الباحثون التلاميذ مرتين يفصل بينها 12 شهرا. وقد أظهر نموذج تحليل التحول الخافي تسع حالات يمكن تفسرها لقياس مراحل التدخين. كما أوضحت بيانات معدلات الانتشار أن نسبة الطلاب الذين كانوا في مرحلة الملتزمين بلغت في التقييم الأول 75.1 % وفي التقييم الثاني 66.8 %، وأن نسبة المدخنين يوميا في التقييم الأول 4.8 % وفي التقييم الثاني 7.1 %.وعلى مدى الأشهر الاثني عشر كان 10.1 % من التلاميذ الذين لم يسبق لهم التدخين قد أصبحوا من المجربين، كما أصبح 1.7 % منهم من المدخنين الاعتيادين، في حين أصبح 17 % من المجربين مدخنين اعتيادين. كما أوضح التحليل العوامل التي رافقت التحولات في مراحل تدخين السجائر، فرغم أن معدل انتشار التدخين كان منخفضا لدى هؤلاء المراهقين، فإن معدل التحول إلى المدخنين على مدى سنة كان معدلا مرتفعا

ABSTRACT This study determined the prevalence of smoking stages in adolescents, the probability of transition across stages and the personal and environmental predictors of transition. A school-based study was conducted in 2010–11 using a random sample of 5197 students (mean age 15.7 years) in Tabriz city. The students were evaluated twice, 12-months apart. The latent transition analysis model revealed 9 interpretable statuses for the measurement of smoking stages. Prevalence data showed that at the first and second assessments 75.1% and 66.8% of students respectively were in the committer stage, while 4.8% and 7.1% respectively were daily smokers. Over 12 months, 10.1% of the never smokers became experimenters and 1.7% became regular smokers, while 17.0% of experimenters became regular smokers. The analysis also showed factors associated with transitions in cigarette smoking stages. Although the prevalence of smoking was low in our adolescents, the rate of becoming a smoker over 1 year was high.

RÉSUMÉ La présente étude a déterminé la prévalence des stades de consommation du tabac chez des adolescents, la probabilité de transition entre les différents stades et les facteurs prédictifs de transition personnels et environnementaux. Une étude a été menée en milieu scolaire en 2010 et 2011 à partir d'un échantillon aléatoire de 5197 élèves (âge moyen : 15,7 ans) dans la ville de Tabriz. Les élèves ont été évalués à deux reprises, à 12 mois d'intervalle. Le modèle d'analyse des transitions latentes a permis de dégager neuf statuts interprétables afin de mesurer les stades de consommation de tabac. Les données sur la prévalence ont révélé que lors de la première et de la deuxième évaluation, 75,1 % et 66,8 % des élèves respectivement étaient des non-fumeurs décidée à ne pas commencer, tandis que 4,8 % et 7,1 % respectivement étaient des fumeurs quotidiens. Sur une période de 12 mois, 10,1 % des personnes n'ayant jamais fumé ont expérimenté le tabac et 1,7 % sont devenus des fumeurs réguliers, tandis que 17,0 % des personnes ayant expérimenté le tabac sont devenus des fumeurs réguliers. L'analyse a mis en évidence des facteurs associés aux transitions entre les stades de consommation de tabac. Si la prévalence du tabagisme était faible chez nos adolescents, le taux de transition vers le statut de fumeur sur une période d'un an était en revanche élevé.

Substance abuse in high school students in association with socio-demographic variables in northwest of iran.

BACKGROUND: Substance abuse in adolescents and its often tragic consequences, including addiction, is one of the preventable major public health problems. The aims of this paper were to estimate the prevalence of substance abuse and to evaluate its some associated factors in adolescents of Tabriz City (northwest of Iran). METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was completed in 4903 randomly selected students with mean age of 15.7 years old. The aim of the questionnaire was obtaining information on substance abuse, socio-economical information, cigarette smoking behavior, general risk taking behavior, self-esteem, attitude towards smoking and self-injury as well as demographical characteristics. RESULTS: Prevalence of substance abuse was 1.4% (95% CI: 1.1-1.7) which was different statistically significant between boys (2.4%) and girls (0.6%) (P<0.001). Older age (OR=1.43), not living with parents (OR=2.34), having general risk taking behavior (OR=2.26), higher smoking stage (OR=2.39), lower self-esteem (OR=1.09) and positive attitude toward smoking (OR=1.08) were factors associated with student's ever use of substance. CONCLUSION: The result has shown low prevalence of substance abuse in Iranian adolescents. Our findings showed some associated factors such as lower self-esteem with adolescent's substance abuse.