[Effect of mesenchymal stem cells and entero-absorbent on cardiac function in rats following local irradiation of the chest].

Cardiac function in Wistar male rats was assessed by ECG records for 28 days following exposure of the chest to γ-rays at a dose of 6 Gy, dose rate 4 Gy/min. The exposed rats experienced a moderate cardiac ischemia and a certain increase in the load on the atria. The use of clay of Kaluga deposit and mesenchymal stem cells reduced the adverse radiation effects.

[Experimental study of the effect of detoxification with enterosorbents on the function of irradiated myocardium].

Increase in intoxication products, such as medium size peptides, indole and myoglobin, in urine was observed in Wistar rats after exposure of their chest to gamma-radiation at a dose of 6 Gy (dose rate 4 Gy/min). The rats exhibited moderate ischemic ECG. Administration of enterosorbents, such as Smekta and Clay of Kaluga deposit, to the irradiated rats resulted in the decrease of the toxicant content in the animals and the recovery of the cardiac function on the 28th day. These sorbents had practically a similar efficacy.

[Specific effect of attenuated strain of Francisella tularensis on the development of radiation induced lesions in experimental animals and effictiveness of antibacterial therapy for lesions induced by radiation combined with virulemt strain of the bacteria].

For study of the effects of whole-body gamma-radiation (1 and 4 Gy) on the response of the body to administration of vaccines and virulent strains of tularemia 206 outbred white mice were used. The results of the study shown that the administration of attenuated bacterial cells in 5 days after exposure to radiation (1 and 4 Gy) caused more severe post-radiation effects and the increase in the number of died animals. The severity of the disease was less if mice were vaccinated in 26 days after irradiation (4 Gy). The treatment of tularemia in irradiated mice twith Riphampicin (daily peroral administration, 5 mg/mouse, duration of treatment--7 days) administered in 4 hours after infection was effective and caused high survival of affected mice. The results show effectiveness of the riphampicin treatment of tularemia in the animals exposed to sublethal dose of radiation.

[Mechanisms of detoxification efficiency of new enterosorbent in combined radiation pathology].

Studies with rats and white mice demonstrated that combined radiation injury (CRI) comes to reducing protease activity in small intestine tissues. In liver tissue the activity of cathepsine D increased under the action of new enterosorbent--clay of Kaluga deposit ("CKD"). In blood serum of the damaged animals the amount of histogenic toxins--middle mass molecules (MMM) and oligopeptides decreased after "CKD" administration. An effective fixation and withdrawal of bacteria from the bowl of the affected animals took place. The survival level of mice in 30 days after CRI comprised 20% as compared with 60% in the case of "CK D" administration. It is supposed that the increase of survival after "CKD" administration is the result of enhancement of macrophage detoxification in liver, determined on the increase of activity of cathepsine D (lysosomal protease), elimination of MMM and normalization of gut microflora.

Influence of neuropeptides on the processes of higher nervous activity in primates. The action of cyclic analogs of enkephalins on the behavior of the lower monkeys.

The effect of two cyclic enkephalin analogs (IVS-43 and IVS-46) on the group and individual behavior of rhesus macaques and hamadryas baboons has been studied. A pronounced influence of IVS-46 on competitive and operant goal-directed behavior of the monkeys was identified.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of pefloxacin in combined radiation-thermal injury]. / Otsenka éffektivnosti primeneniia pefloksatsina pri kombinirovannom radiatsionno-termicheskom porazhenii.

The efficacy of pefloxacin, a novel promising antibacterial drug of the group of fluoroquinolones, was studied on mice against doxycycline in the prevention and treatment of infectious complications of radiation/thermal injury. According to the data on the effect of the antibiotics on the resistance to exogenic infection and the development of dysbacteriosis pefloxacin was recommended for the use in the scheme of combined therapy of radiation/thermal injury.

[The effect of neuropeptides on the processes of higher nervous activity in primates. The action of cyclic analogs of enkephalins on the behavior of lower monkeys]. / Vliianie neiropeptidov na protsessy vysshei nervnoi deiatel'nosti u primatov. Deistvie tsiklicheskikh analogov énkefalinov na povedenie nizshikh obez'ian.

The influence of 2 cyclic enkephaline analogues (IVS-43 and IVS-46) on group and individual behaviour of rhesus and baboon monkeys was studied. The effect of IVS-46 on competitive and operant goal-directed behaviour of the monkeys was expressed. Possible mechanisms of functional reorganization of the higher nervous activity of primates under the influence of neuropeptides are discussed.

[The comparative action of relanium and oxytocin on higher nervous activity in lower monkeys]. / Sravnitel'noe deistvie relaniuma i oksitotsina na vysshuiu nervnuiu deiatel'nost' nizshikh obez'ian.

Effects of relanium and oxytocin on higher nervous activity was studied in four rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and two baboons (Papio hamadryas). During observation of the animals in enclosure tranquilizing effect was seen only after relanium administration. Under the same conditions oxytocin practically did not change the general behaviour pattern of monkeys. However, steady behavioural transformations were observed under the conditions of competitive food-procuring behaviour and during the operant goal-directed reaction. Decreasing aggressiveness of dominants oxytocin in contrast to relanium had no negative effect upon their general motor activity and sensory perception. Differences in effects of the tranquilizer and the peptide were seen also at the unit activity level of the neurons. The first drug lowered the unit activity level and the degree of the functional connections in neuronal populations in a number of cortical structures. Administration of the second one led to selective shifts of the unit activity mainly in the frontal cortex of the monkeys.

[An analysis of the joint activities of primates in a situation of delayed spatial choice]. / Analiz sovmestnoi deiatel'nosti primatov v situatsii prostranstvennogo otsrochennogo vybora.

A leader-dominant baboon of a couple took practically all the food in the situation of spatial delayed choice. The subdominant baboon managed to get some food, too, using fast changes of behavioral tactics during the experimental session. The obvious negative state of the subdominant baboon resulted in a severe neurotic breakdown. Long delays in the experimental scheme enabled the subdominant to get up to 50% of the food reinforcement due to the dominant baboons mistakes. The role of changes in the tactics of the monkeys is discussed.

[A quantitative analysis of primate motor activity in a situation of delayed spatial choice. The individual behavioral reactions]. / Kolichestvennyi analiz dvigatel'noi aktivnosti primatov v situatsii prostranstvennogo otsrochennogo vybora. Individual'nye povedencheskie reaktsii.

Speed of movements in food getting responses of baboons, total time of the response, trajectories of the movements and other parameters revealed obvious changes during formation of conditioned activity. The data obtained suggest that many quantitative characteristics of the primate motor activity are specifically related to various aspects of complex behavioral responses.

[A comparative evaluation of the changes in the duration of "hexenal sleep" in acute radiation and combined radiation-thermal lesions]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka izmenenii prodolzhitel'nosti "geksenalovogo sna" pri ostrykh luchevykh i kombinirovannykh radiatsionno-termicheskikkh porazheniiakh.

In experiments with Wistar rats it was found that the increase in the length of the "hexenal dream" during the first week after the effect of a mixture of radiation and heat is much more pronounced than that observed after exposure to radiation alone and independent of the severity of a radiation component (gamma radiation, 4, 6 and 7.5 Gy). The peculiarities revealed in the hypnotic effect of hexenal develop against the background of the postirradiation aggravation of hypoalbuminemia and decrease in the liver ATP.

[A comparative neurophysiological analysis of the trace processes in delayed spatial choice and in a trace conditioned reflex in rhesus macaques]. / Sravnitel'nyi neirofiziologicheskii analiz sledovykh protsessov pri otsrochennom prostranstvennom vybore i sledovom uslovnom reflekse u makak rezusov.

The dynamics of spatial-temporal interrelationships in delayed spatial choice and in differentiation between two conditioned reflexes was studied with the aid of a distant synchronization of electrical activity of prefrontal cortex hippocampus, head of the caudate nucleus and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus in 6 rhesus monkeys. A comparative neurophysiological analysis revealed the elements of similarity and difference in the trace processes in both behavioral models which were correlated with the animal behaviour.

Different neurophysiological mechanisms underlying delayed reaction and trace conditioned reflex.

Electrophysiological study of functional interactions of the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, the head of the caudate nucleus and the thalamic medio-dorsal nucleus in 2 monkeys in conditions of the trace reflex and delayed reaction has revealed various morphofunctional systems for these types of memory. The morphofunctional system of the trace CR is characterized by greater stability and a small number of functional connections (21%) in contrast to the dynamic morphofunctional system with a considerable percentage of functional contacts (54%) in case of the delayed reaction. This difference can be very likely related to the different dynamics of functional connections between brain structures rather than to the involvement of various brain structures.

[Activity of the enzymatic drug-metabolizing system of the liver in combined radiation-thermal injury]. / Izuchenie aktivnosti fermentativnoi sistemy pecheni, metaboliziruiushchei lekarstvennye veshchestva, pri kombinirovannom radiatsionno-termicheskom porazhenii.

The functional status of the enzyme monooxygenase system of rat liver was assessed by the hexenal test at different time intervals following irradiation (6 Gy), thermal affection, and the combined effect of the two factors. The data obtained were indicative of the potentiation of the inhibiting action of the two factors on the detoxicating function of liver.