RESUMO
Motivations, uses, and meanings given to the placenta by women and men in south central Chile are analyzed, following the implementation of Technical Standard 189 by the Ministry of Health, which allowed people to request their placentas after giving birth on hospital grounds. From an ethnographic approach to the sociocultural uses of placentas, in-depth interviews were carried out with women and their partners between July and November 2019; individual narratives were recorded, as well as conversations between Mapuche women and men who had requested their placenta in three Chilean regions (Araucania, Metropolitan, and Arica and Parinacota). This article focuses on four cases that illustrate the diversity of practices and knowledge surrounding the placenta - inscribed in sociocultural, territorial, political, spiritual, and religious frameworks - according to actors' sociocultural origins. To conclude, the cases are compared in order to highlight both similarities and differences, and some challenges derived from the findings are considered.
Se analizan los móviles, usos y significaciones atribuidos a las placentas por mujeres y hombres en el centro-sur de Chile, a partir de la implementación de la Norma Técnica 189 del Ministerio de Salud, que permite a las personas solicitar y disponer de sus placentas con posterioridad al parto en recintos hospitalarios. A través de una mirada etnográfica acerca del tratamiento sociocultural de las placentas, entre julio y noviembre de 2019 se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con mujeres y sus parejas; se recogieron relatos individuales, así como conversaciones con mujeres y hombres mapuches, habitantes del territorio chileno de la región de La Araucanía, la región Metropolitana y la región de Arica y Parinacota, que habían solicitado la placenta. El artículo se enfoca en cuatro casos que dan cuenta de la presencia de diversas prácticas y conocimientos en torno a la placenta, estableciendo su inscripción en marcos socioculturales, territoriales y políticos, espirituales y religiosos, según la pertenencia sociocultural de los actores. Como conclusión, se contrastan los casos relevando tanto diferencias como similitudes y se proyectan algunos desafíos derivados de los hallazgos.
Assuntos
Antropologia Cultural , Motivação , Gravidez , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Chile , Placenta , Indígenas Sul-AmericanosRESUMO
Acinetobacter baumannii, a common pathogen in nosocomial infections, is a rare cause of community-acquired pneumonia. This report highlights the difficulties in its early diagnosis and effective treatment, as it is a multidrug-resistant microorganism with rapid, unfavorable progression. To better understand its clinical outcome, we searched the literature for similar cases but found no community-acquired cases in Brazil.
Assuntos
Infecções por Acinetobacter , Acinetobacter baumannii , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia , Humanos , Infecções por Acinetobacter/diagnóstico , Infecções por Acinetobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Brasil , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopment disorder resulting from different etiological factors, both genetic and/or environmental. These factors can lead to abnormal neuronal development on dendrite and synaptic function at the central nervous system. Recent studies have shown that a subset of ASD patients display increased circulation levels of the tyrosine metabolite, p-cresol, related to chronic intestinal disorders because of dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. In particular, abnormal presence of intestinal Clostridium sp. has been linked to high levels of p-cresol in ASD children younger than 8 years. However, the role of p-cresol during development of the central nervous system is unknown. Here, we evaluated in vitro the effect of p-cresol on neurite outgrowth in N2a and PC12 cell lines and dendritic morphology, synaptic density, neuronal activity, and calcium responses in primary rat hippocampal neurons. p-cresol inhibits neural differentiation and neurites outgrowth in N2a and PC12 neuronal cell lines. In hippocampal neuronal cultures, Sholl's analysis shows a decrease in the dendritic arborization of neurons treated with p-cresol. Synaptic density analyzed with the synaptic markers Piccolo and Shank2 is diminished in hippocampal neurons treated with p-cresol. Electrically evoked intracellular calcium rise was drastically, but reversely, blocked by p-cresol, whereas that spontaneous neuronal activity was severely affected by early addition of the metabolite. These findings show that p-cresol alters dendrite development, synaptogenesis, and synapse function of neurons in culture, therefore, neuronal alterations occurring in ASD children may be related to this metabolite and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista , Animais , Transtorno do Espectro Autista/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Cresóis , Disbiose/metabolismo , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Humanos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Ratos , Sinapses/metabolismoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Acinetobacter baumannii, a common pathogen in nosocomial infections, is a rare cause of community-acquired pneumonia. This report highlights the difficulties in its early diagnosis and effective treatment, as it is a multidrug-resistant microorganism with rapid, unfavorable progression. To better understand its clinical outcome, we searched the literature for similar cases but found no community-acquired cases in Brazil.
RESUMO
RESUMEN Se analizan los móviles, usos y significaciones atribuidos a las placentas por mujeres y hombres en el centro-sur de Chile, a partir de la implementación de la Norma Técnica 189 del Ministerio de Salud, que permite a las personas solicitar y disponer de sus placentas con posterioridad al parto en recintos hospitalarios. A través de una mirada etnográfica acerca del tratamiento sociocultural de las placentas, entre julio y noviembre de 2019 se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con mujeres y sus parejas; se recogieron relatos individuales, así como conversaciones con mujeres y hombres mapuches, habitantes del territorio chileno de la región de La Araucanía, la región Metropolitana y la región de Arica y Parinacota, que habían solicitado la placenta. El artículo se enfoca en cuatro casos que dan cuenta de la presencia de diversas prácticas y conocimientos en torno a la placenta, estableciendo su inscripción en marcos socioculturales, territoriales y políticos, espirituales y religiosos, según la pertenencia sociocultural de los actores. Como conclusión, se contrastan los casos relevando tanto diferencias como similitudes y se proyectan algunos desafíos derivados de los hallazgos.
ABSTRACT Motivations, uses, and meanings given to the placenta by women and men in south central Chile are analyzed, following the implementation of Technical Standard 189 by the Ministry of Health, which allowed people to request their placentas after giving birth on hospital grounds. From an ethnographic approach to the sociocultural uses of placentas, in-depth interviews were carried out with women and their partners between July and November 2019; individual narratives were recorded, as well as conversations between Mapuche women and men who had requested their placenta in three Chilean regions (Araucania, Metropolitan, and Arica and Parinacota). This article focuses on four cases that illustrate the diversity of practices and knowledge surrounding the placenta - inscribed in sociocultural, territorial, political, spiritual, and religious frameworks - according to actors' sociocultural origins. To conclude, the cases are compared in order to highlight both similarities and differences, and some challenges derived from the findings are considered.
RESUMO
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a carotenoid pigment with strong antioxidant properties. We have reported previously that ASX protects neurons from the noxious effects of amyloid-ß peptide oligomers, which promote excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) production and induce a sustained increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. These properties make ASX a promising therapeutic agent against pathological conditions that entail oxidative and Ca2+ dysregulation. Here, we studied whether ASX protects neurons from N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity, a noxious process which decreases cellular viability, alters gene expression and promotes excessive mROS production. Incubation of the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y with NMDA decreased cellular viability and increased mitochondrial superoxide production; pre-incubation with ASX prevented these effects. Additionally, incubation of SH-SY5Y cells with ASX effectively reduced the basal mROS production and prevented hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. In primary hippocampal neurons, transfected with a genetically encoded cytoplasmic Ca2+ sensor, ASX also prevented the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by NMDA. We suggest that, by preventing the noxious mROS and Ca2+ increases that occur under excitotoxic conditions, ASX could be useful as a therapeutic agent in neurodegenerative pathologies that involve alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and ROS generation.
Assuntos
Cálcio/metabolismo , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , N-Metilaspartato/toxicidade , Neuroblastoma , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Cultura Primária de Células , Ratos , Xantofilas/farmacologiaRESUMO
In the last few decades, it has been established that astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of neuronal morphology. However, the contribution of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) to morphological differentiation of neurons has only recently been addressed. Here, we showed that cultured astrocytes expressing a GFP-tagged version of the stress-regulated astrocytic enzyme Aldolase C (Aldo C-GFP) release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that are transferred into cultured hippocampal neurons. Surprisingly, Aldo C-GFP-containing sEVs (Aldo C-GFP sEVs) displayed an exacerbated capacity to reduce the dendritic complexity in developing hippocampal neurons compared to sEVs derived from control (i.e., GFP-expressing) astrocytes. Using bioinformatics and biochemical tools, we found that the total content of overexpressed Aldo C-GFP correlates with an increased content of endogenous miRNA-26a-5p in both total astrocyte homogenates and sEVs. Notably, neurons magnetofected with a nucleotide sequence that mimics endogenous miRNA-26a-5p (mimic 26a-5p) not only decreased the levels of neuronal proteins associated to morphogenesis regulation, but also reproduced morphological changes induced by Aldo-C-GFP sEVs. Furthermore, neurons magnetofected with a sequence targeting miRNA-26a-5p (antago 26a-5p) were largely resistant to Aldo C-GFP sEVs. Our results support a novel and complex level of astrocyte-to-neuron communication mediated by astrocyte-derived sEVs and the activity of their miRNA content.
Assuntos
Astrócitos/metabolismo , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Animais , Astrócitos/citologia , Diferenciação Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Dendritos/metabolismo , Feminino , Frutose-Bifosfato Aldolase/metabolismo , Hipocampo/citologia , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is affected by demographic, virological, clinical, and lifestyle-related factors and varies in different regions in Brazil or worldwide. The present study aimed to clarify the epidemiological patterns of HCV infection in the interior region of Brazil. METHODS: This study was conducted in the Southern Triangle Macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, according to the guidelines of the National Program for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis. The participants answered a structured questionnaire on social and epidemiological factors. Immunochromatographic rapid tests were used for the qualitative detection of antibodies against HCV in whole blood (Alere HCV® Code 02FK10) in adult subjects by a free-standing method. RESULTS: Of 24,085 tested individuals, 184 (0.76%) were anti-HCV positive. The majority of anti-HCV-positive individuals were born between 1951 and 1980 (n=146 [79.3%]), with 68 women and 116 men. Identified risk factors included syringe and/or needle sharing (p = 0.003), being in prison (p = 0.004), and having tattoos or piercings (p = 0.005) and were significantly associated with the decade of birth. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the importance of testing populations at risk for HCV infection, including incarcerated individuals, those with tattoos or piercings, those who share or have shared syringes or needles, and those in high-risk birth cohorts (1950s, 1960s, and 1970s) in the Southern Triangle Macro-region.
Assuntos
Hepacivirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Feminino , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is affected by demographic, virological, clinical, and lifestyle-related factors and varies in different regions in Brazil or worldwide. The present study aimed to clarify the epidemiological patterns of HCV infection in the interior region of Brazil. METHODS: This study was conducted in the Southern Triangle Macro-region of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, according to the guidelines of the National Program for the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis. The participants answered a structured questionnaire on social and epidemiological factors. Immunochromatographic rapid tests were used for the qualitative detection of antibodies against HCV in whole blood (Alere HCV® Code 02FK10) in adult subjects by a free-standing method. RESULTS: Of 24,085 tested individuals, 184 (0.76%) were anti-HCV positive. The majority of anti-HCV-positive individuals were born between 1951 and 1980 (n=146 [79.3%]), with 68 women and 116 men. Identified risk factors included syringe and/or needle sharing (p = 0.003), being in prison (p = 0.004), and having tattoos or piercings (p = 0.005) and were significantly associated with the decade of birth. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows the importance of testing populations at risk for HCV infection, including incarcerated individuals, those with tattoos or piercings, those who share or have shared syringes or needles, and those in high-risk birth cohorts (1950s, 1960s, and 1970s) in the Southern Triangle Macro-region.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepacivirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The neurotrophin Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) induces complex neuronal signaling cascades that are critical for the cellular changes underlying synaptic plasticity. These pathways include activation of Ca2+ entry via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and sequential activation of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase, which via generation of reactive nitrogen/oxygen species stimulate Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release mediated by Ryanodine Receptor (RyR) channels. These sequential events underlie BDNF-induced spine remodeling and type-2 RyR up-regulation. In addition, BDNF induces the nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Nrf2, a master regulator of antioxidant protein expression that protects cells against the oxidative damage caused by injury and inflammation. To investigate the possible BDNF-induced signaling cascades that mediate Nrf2 nuclear translocation in primary hippocampal cultures, we tested here whether reactive oxygen species, RyR-mediated Ca2+ release, ERK or PI3K contribute to this response. We found that pre-incubation of cultures with inhibitory ryanodine to suppress RyR-mediated Ca2+ release, with the reducing agent N-acetylcysteine or with inhibitors of ERK or PI3K activity, prevented the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by incubation for 6â¯h with BFNF. Based on these combined results, we propose that the key role played by BDNF as an inducer of neuronal antioxidant responses, characterized by BDNF-induced Nfr2 nuclear translocation, entails crosstalk between reactive oxygen species and RyR-mediated Ca2+ release, and the participation of ERK and PI3K activities.
Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/farmacologia , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Canal de Liberação de Cálcio do Receptor de Rianodina/metabolismo , Acetilcisteína/farmacologia , Transporte Ativo do Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Sinalização do Cálcio/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Hipocampo/citologia , Hipocampo/embriologia , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Under pro-inflammatory conditions, astrocytes become reactive and acquire a migratory phenotype. Our results show that hemichannels formed by connexin 43 (Cx43) play an important role in Thy-1-induced astrocyte migration. The neuronal protein Thy-1 binds to αvß3 integrin in astrocytes, thereby leading to intricate signaling pathways that include calcium (Ca2+) release from intracellular stores, opening of Cx43 hemichannels, release of ATP, activation of P2X7 receptor, and Ca2+ influx. However, because these Thy-1 effects occur exclusively in reactive astrocytes, we wondered whether by elevating calcium levels and promoting hemichannel opening we could prompt non-reactive astrocytes to respond to Thy-1. Cx43 immunoreactivity increased at juxta-membrane sites, where hemichannels (not gap junctions) participate in astrocyte polarization and migration stimulated by Thy-1. Also, intracellular Ca2+ increase, due to ionomycin treatment, induced hemichannel opening, but activated astrocyte migration only partially, and this limitation was overcome by pre-treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and Thy-1. Finally, αvß3 integrin formed membrane clusters after TNF stimulation or overexpression of ß3 integrin. We suggest that these microclusters are required for cells to respond to Thy-1 stimulation. Therefore, the large increase in intracellular Ca2+ and hemichannel opening induced by ionomycin are required, but not sufficient, to permit Thy-1-induced astrocyte migration. Thus, we suggest that proinflammatory stimuli prompt astrocytes to respond to migratory signals of neuronal cells.
Assuntos
Astrócitos/citologia , Cálcio/metabolismo , Movimento Celular , Conexina 43/metabolismo , Antígenos Thy-1/metabolismo , Animais , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Sinalização do Cálcio , Linhagem Celular , Polaridade Celular , Células Cultivadas , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Neuroinflammation involves cytokine release, astrocyte reactivity and migration. Neuronal Thy-1 promotes DITNC1 astrocyte migration by engaging αVß3 Integrin and Syndecan-4. Primary astrocytes express low levels of these receptors and are unresponsive to Thy-1; thus, inflammation and astrocyte reactivity might be necessary for Thy-1-induced responses. METHODS: Wild-type rat astrocytes (TNF-activated) or from human SOD1G93A transgenic mice (a neurodegenerative disease model) were used to evaluate cell migration, Thy-1 receptor levels, signaling molecules, and reactivity markers. RESULTS: Thy-1 induced astrocyte migration only after TNF priming. Increased expression of αVß3 Integrin, Syndecan-4, P2X7R, Pannexin-1, Connexin-43, GFAP, and iNOS were observed in TNF-treated astrocytes. Silencing of ß3 Integrin prior to TNF treatment prevented Thy-1-induced migration, while ß3 Integrin over-expression was sufficient to induce astrocyte reactivity and allow Thy-1-induced migration. Finally, hSOD1G93A astrocytes behave as TNF-treated astrocytes since they were reactive and responsive to Thy-1. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, inflammation induces expression of αVß3 Integrin and other proteins, astrocyte reactivity, and Thy-1 responsiveness. Importantly, ectopic control of ß3 Integrin levels modulates these responses regardless of inflammation.
Assuntos
Astrócitos/fisiologia , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Integrina alfaVbeta3/metabolismo , Animais , Animais Geneticamente Modificados , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Movimento Celular/genética , Células Cultivadas , Conexinas/genética , Conexinas/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Integrina alfaVbeta3/genética , Camundongos , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/genética , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/patologia , Ratos , Receptores Purinérgicos P2/genética , Receptores Purinérgicos P2/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/genética , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Antígenos Thy-1/farmacologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/farmacologia , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 77 años, sin antecedentes relevantes, con úlcera en tobillo izquierdo de dos años de evolución relacionada a herida previa por quemadura con agua caliente de aproximadamente 60 años de antigüedad, con crecimiento progresivo y mala respuesta a tratamiento inicial con curaciones y luego con antibióticos. Se realiza estudio con biopsia cutánea incisional que confirma cáncer espinocelular moderadamente diferenciado e infiltrante en dermis reticular, lo cual corresponde a una úlcera de Marjolin. Se deriva a cirugía oncológica en donde se realiza el estudio de etapificación con resultado de lesión ósea por contigüidad y una tomografía computada (TC) de tórax, abdomen y pelvis sin diseminación a distancia, por lo que se decide amputación infracondilea de la extremidad afectada. Debido a este caso de interés, se realiza una revisión sobre úlcera de Marjolin, con el fin de lograr un diagnóstico adecuado y un tratamiento precoz.
We present the case of a 77-year-old woman, with no relevant history, with a left ankle ulcer of two years of evolution related to previous burn injury with hot water of approximately 60 years old, with progressive growth and poor response to initial treatment with cures and then with antibiotics. A study was performed with cutaneous incisional biopsy confirming moderately differentiated and infiltrating squamous cell cancer in the reticular dermis, which corresponds to a Marjolin ulcer. It is derived to oncologic surgery where the etapification study is carried out with result of contiguous bone injury and a computed tomography (CT) thorax, abdomen and pelvis without distant dissemination, so infracondile amputation of the affected extremity is decided. Due to this interest case report, a review of Marjolin's ulcer is performed, in order to achieve an adequate diagnosis and early treatment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Úlcera Cutânea/etiologia , Biópsia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , PéRESUMO
A hepatopatia crônica causada pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV) é a indicação mais comum de transplante hepático no mundo. A recorrência da hepatite C após o transplante hepático é elevada e em grande parte dos pacientes pode evoluir com cirrose e perda do enxerto de forma acelerada. Relatamos caso de portadora de cirrose por hepatite C genótipo 1a, tratada durante sete semanas com Interferon Peguilado e Ribavirina, em Resposta Viral Sustentada (RVS), mesmo após transplante hepático por hepatocarcinoma.
Chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common indication for liver transplantation in the world. The recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation is high and most patients can develop cirrhosis and graft loss in an accelerated manner. A case of a patient with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C genotype 1a, treated for seven weeks with pegylated interferon and Ribavirin in Sustained Viral Response (SVR), even after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Ribavirina , Transplante de Fígado , Interferon-alfa , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatite C Crônica , Resposta Viral Sustentada , Cirrose HepáticaRESUMO
Descrever e analisar os significados de viver com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) para homens com adesão irregular à terapia antirretroviral (TARV). Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em um ambulatório de um hospital universitário no interior de Minas Gerais, com participação de 10 homens. Os dados foram coletados entre maio e setembro de 2011 através de entrevista semiestruturada e submetidos à análise de conteúdo, resultando nas categorias temáticas ?Descobrindo a contaminação pelo HIV? e ?(Com)Vivendo com o HIV?. Resultados: Os significados de viver com HIV são marcados pela coexistência de algumas concepções equivocadas sobre HIV/AIDS, consolidadas no início da epidemia, com novas percepções, provenientes dos ganhos advindos da utilização da TARV, associadas à valorização de características que trazem uma percepção de invulnerabilidade pelo homem. Esses aspectos podem ser compreendidos como fatores que se refletem diretamente na formacomo os sujeitos aderem ou não à TARV. Além disso, destacam-se também as limitações impostas pelas condições concretas de vida dos sujeitos, principalmente no que se refere ao âmbito socioeconômico e cultural. Conclusão: O processo de viver com HIV caracteriza-se pela complexidade, o que suscita o planejamento de ações de saúde, numa perspectiva de gênero que atenda às especificidades do universo masculino...
To describe and analyze the meanings of living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) for men with irregular adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). Methods: Qualitative research conducted at an ambulatory of a school hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with 10 men. Data was collected from May to September 2011 through semi-structured interview and submitted to content analysis, resulting in the categories ?Discovering the HIV infection? and ?Living with HIV?. Results: The meanings of living with HIV are distinguished by the coexistence of some misconceptions about HIV/AIDS, consolidated in the epidemic onset, with new perceptions, derived from the gains resulting from use of ART, associated to the valuation of features that bring a sense of non-vulnerability to the man. These aspects can be understood as factors that are directly reflected in the way that the participant men adhere (or not) to ART. Moreover, the limitations imposed by the real conditions of the individuals? life are highlighted, especially concerning the socioeconomic and cultural context. Conclusion: The process of living with HIV is characterized by complexity, which indicates the planning of health actions from a gender perspective to address the specificities of the masculine universe...
Describir y analizar los significados de vivir com el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en hombres con adhesión irregular a la terapia antiretroviral (TARV). Métodos: Investigación cualitativa realizada en un ambulatório de un hospital universitario en un pueblo de Minas Gerais com participación de 10 hombres. Los datos fueron recogidos entre mayo y septiembre de 2011 a través de entrevista semi-estructurada y sometidos al análisis de contenido resultando en las categorias temáticas ?Descubriendo la contaminación por el VIH? y ?(Con) Viviendo con el VIH?. Resultados: Los significados de vivir com el VIH son marcados por la coexistencia de algunas concepciones equivocadas sobre VIH/SIDA consolidadas en el inicio de La epidemia con nuevas percepciones provenientes de las ganâncias advenidas de la utilización de la TARV asociadas a la valorización de características que traen una percepción de invulnerabilidad del hombre. Eses aspectos pueden ser comprendidos como factores que se reflejan directamente en la forma como los sujetos adhieren o no a la TARV. Además, se destaca también las limitaciones impuestas por las condiciones concretas de vida de los sujetos, principalmente en lo que se refiere al ámbito socioeconómico y cultural. Conclusión: El proceso de vivir con VIH se caracteriza por la complejidad, lo que suscita el planeamiento de acciones en salud en una perspectiva de género que atienda a lãs especificidades del universo masculino...
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida , HIV , Saúde do Homem , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Saprophytic fungi are being increasingly recognized as etiologic agents of mycoses in immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of subcutaneous infiltration by Aureobasidium pullulans, likely due to traumatic inoculation, in a neutropenic patient during chemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The patient was treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate but was subsequently switched to itraconazole, which improved the lesion. This case highlights the importance of considering unusual fungal infections in critically ill patients such as those who are immunosuppressed due to chemotherapy. Diagnostic techniques and effective antifungal therapy have improved the prognosis of these cases.