RESUMO
The human microbiome has become an area of intense research due to its potential impact on human health. However, the analysis and interpretation of this data have proven to be challenging due to its complexity and high dimensionality. Machine learning (ML) algorithms can process vast amounts of data to uncover informative patterns and relationships within the data, even with limited prior knowledge. Therefore, there has been a rapid growth in the development of software specifically designed for the analysis and interpretation of microbiome data using ML techniques. These software incorporate a wide range of ML algorithms for clustering, classification, regression, or feature selection, to identify microbial patterns and relationships within the data and generate predictive models. This rapid development with a constant need for new developments and integration of new features require efforts into compile, catalog and classify these tools to create infrastructures and services with easy, transparent, and trustable standards. Here we review the state-of-the-art for ML tools applied in human microbiome studies, performed as part of the COST Action ML4Microbiome activities. This scoping review focuses on ML based software and framework resources currently available for the analysis of microbiome data in humans. The aim is to support microbiologists and biomedical scientists to go deeper into specialized resources that integrate ML techniques and facilitate future benchmarking to create standards for the analysis of microbiome data. The software resources are organized based on the type of analysis they were developed for and the ML techniques they implement. A description of each software with examples of usage is provided including comments about pitfalls and lacks in the usage of software based on ML methods in relation to microbiome data that need to be considered by developers and users. This review represents an extensive compilation to date, offering valuable insights and guidance for researchers interested in leveraging ML approaches for microbiome analysis.
RESUMO
Citizens lack knowledge about the impact of gut microbiota on health and how lifestyle and dietary choices can influence it, leading to Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and affecting overall well-being. Participatory action research (PAR) is a promising approach to enhance communication and encourage individuals to adopt healthier behaviors and improve their health. In this study, we explored the feasibility of integrating the photovoice method with citizen science approaches to assess the impact of social and environmental factors on gut microbiota health. In this context, citizen science approaches entailed the involvement of participants in the collection of samples for subsequent analysis, specifically gut microbiome assessment via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We recruited 70 volunteers and organized six photovoice groups based on age and educational background. Participants selected 64 photographs that represented the influence of daily habits on gut microbiota health and created four photovoice themes. Analysis of the gut microbiome using 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified 474 taxa, and in-depth microbial analysis revealed three clusters of people based on gut microbiome diversity and body mass index (BMI). Our findings indicate that participants enhanced their knowledge of gut microbiome health through PAR activities, and we found a correlation between lower microbial diversity, higher BMI, and better achievement of learning outcomes. Using PAR as a methodology is an effective way to increase citizens' awareness and engagement in self-care, maintain healthy gut microbiota, and prevent NCD development. These interventions are particularly beneficial for individuals at higher risk of developing NCDs.
Assuntos
Ciência do Cidadão , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Doenças não Transmissíveis , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Doenças não Transmissíveis/prevenção & controle , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , FezesRESUMO
Resumen: En los últimos años la ecografía a la cabecera del paciente ha crecido exponencialmente. Su aplicación es observada en el quirófano, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos, en urgencias, en la atención de primer nivel e incluso en el trabajo de campo. Es tan versátil que facilita el diagnóstico, mejora la monitorización de los pacientes y apoya en los procedimientos invasivos, todo esto de forma segura y eficaz. En el área de la educación médica ha permeado hasta el pregrado, donde ya se le propone como una herramienta didáctica que permite la vinculación entre el conocimiento de las ciencias básicas y la aplicación clínica. La ecografía corresponde a uno de los instrumentos más versátiles en la medicina contemporánea, por lo que se hace obligada y prioritaria una mayor capacitación e investigación en el tema.
Abstract: In recent years, ultrasound at the patient's bedside has exponentially grown. Its application has been observed in the operating room, intensive care units, emergency rooms, first-level care and even in field work. It is so versatile that it facilitates diagnosis, improves patient monitoring and supports invasive procedures, all in a safe and effective manner. It has been used as a didactic tool in medical education that helps create a link between basic sciences and clinical application. Ultrasound is one of the most versatile instruments in contemporary medicine, hence, more training and research in the subject is a must and a priority.
RESUMO
An Equus asinus female in advanced gestation state was atended in the field, and by clinical examination manifested signs of discomfort, lateral trunk movements, postration, turning, dyspnea, rythmic abdominal movements, edematous vulva and serosanguinous secretion. The animal initiated labor, evidencing "red bag" (premature chorioallantoic separation), and obstetric manuevers were required to allow the birth of the foal, who presented signs of immaturity such as: fallen ears, soft hoves, absence of sucking reflex, postration and hypothermia. Premature separation of the placenta is diagnosed and neonatal maladjustment syndrome in the foal. The presentation of placenta previa and the onset of labor, has a direct relation with the posible neonatal maladjustment syndrome. The present case is described due to the low frequency of presentation in the Equus asinus species, in creole donkeys and as the first case described in this species in Colombia.
Una hembra Equus asinus en estado de gestación avanzada fue atendida en campo, la cual en el examen clínico manifestó signos de disconfort, movimientos laterales de tronco, postración, giros, disnea, movimientos abdominales rítmicos, vulva edematizada y secreción serosanguinolenta. El animal inició trabajo de parto evidenciando bolsa roja y se realizó maniobras obstétricas que permiten el nacimiento del borrico, el cual presentó signos de inmadurez como: orejas caídas, cascos blandos, ausencia de reflejo de succión, postración e hipotermia. Se diagnóstica separación prematura de placenta y síndrome de mal ajuste neonatal en el borrico. La presentación de placenta previa y el desencadenamiento del parto, tiene una relación directa con el posible síndrome de mal ajuste neonatal. Se describe el presente caso por su baja frecuencia en la especie Equus asinus, en asnos criollos y como primer caso descrito en la especie en Colombia.
Uma fêmea Equus asinus em estado de gestação avançada foi atendida em campo, a qual no exame clínico manifestou signos de desconforto, movimentos laterais de tronco, prostração, giros, disnea, movimentos abdominais rítmicos, vulva edemaciada e secreção sorosanguinolenta. O animal iniciou trabalho de parto evidenciando-se um saco vermelho e após se realizou manobras obstétricas que permitem o nascimento do burrico, o qual apresentou signos de imaturidade como: orelhas caídas, cascos moles, ausência do reflexo de sucção, prostração e hipotermia. Se diagnostica separação prematura de placenta e síndrome de ajuste defeituoso neonatal no burrico. A apresentação de placenta previa e o desencadeamento do parto, tem uma relação direta com a possível síndrome de ajuste defeituoso neonatal. Descreve-se este relato de caso por sua baixa frequência na espécie Equus asinus em jumentos crioulos e como o primeiro relato de caso descrito nesta espécie na Colômbia.
