Carcinoma renal de istmo en riñón en herradura. A propósito de un caso / Herseshoes kidney isthmus carcinoma. A case report

El riñón en herradura ( RH) es la más común de las anomalías por fusión. La incidencia de carcinoma renal en RH suele ser similar a la del riñón normal. Dadas sus características anatómicas especiales, se deben tener en cuenta para su abordaje quirúrgico, así como para la realización de una posible cirugía conservadora. Presentamos un caso de carcinoma renal en istmo de RH en el que se realizó cirugía conservadora de ambas unidades renales (AU)

Horseshoe kidney is the most frequent fusion abnormality of the kidney. The incidence of renal carcinoma in patients with horseshoe kidney is similar to those with normal anatomy. Its special anatomical features must be borne in mind for both surgical approach and conservative surgery. We present a horseshoe kidney isthmus carcinoma case report in which we performed conservative surgery of both renal units (AU)

[Hematuria and sharp renal failure as debut of secondary bladder amiloidosis. Presentation of a new case and revision of the literature]. / Hematuria y fracaso renal agudo como debut de amiloidosis vesical secundaria. Presentación de un nuevo caso y revisión de la literatura.

The primary bladder amiloidosis is an uncommon pathology, not existing in the world more than 150 published cases, being even more exceptional the secondary bladder amiloidosis being described around 25 cases. The secondary bladder amiloidosis associates in most from the patients to arthritis reumatoide of long evolution. The diagnoses clinical it is difficult, being necessary the differential diagnosis with the bladder tumour. The pathological study and inmunohistochemics, confirm the diagnosis. We present the case of a patient that I debut with frank hematuria, hemodynamic uncertainty and renal inadequacy that it required combined treatment, doctor and surgical for the resolution of their square.

[Myofibroblastic tumor of bladder]. / Tumor miofibroblástico de vejiga.

The myofibroblastic tumor, is a mesenchymal benign tumor of exceptional character, being its localization but habitual it is the lung; while its appearance in the bladder, is exceptional, not existing but of 100 published cases, of this tumor type in the bladder. This tumor type that clinic and radiologics, behave as a wicked tumor. The pathological diagnosis is complex, due to its similarity with the sarcomas, being necessary to appeal to the inmunohistochemics for a I diagnose of certainty. The treatment by means of wide resection is usually enough not existing any case of metastasis at the present time at distance, neither of malignization. We present a new case of this neoplasm, carrying out a wide bibliographical revision.

Hematuria y fracaso renal agudo como debut de amiloidosis vesical secundaria. Presentación de un nuevo caso y revisión de la literatura / Hematuria and sharp renal failure as debut of secondary bladder amiloidosis. Presentation of a new case and revision of the literature

La amiloidosis vesical primaria es una patología infrecuente, no existiendo en el mundo más de 150 casos publicados, siendo aun más excepcional la amiloidosis vesical secundaria estando descritos alrededor de 25 casos. La amiloidosis vesical secundaria se asocia en la mayor parte de los pacientes a artritis reumatoide de larga evolución. El diagnostico clínico es difícil, siendo necesario el diagnóstico diferencial con los tumores vesicales. El estudio patológico e inmunohistoquímico, confirma el diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que debuto con hematuria franca, inestabilidad hemodinámica e insuficiencia renal, que requirió tratamiento combinado, médico y quirúrgico para la resolución de su cuadro (AU)

The primary bladder amiloidosis is an uncommon pathology, not existing in the world more than 150 published cases, being even more exceptional the secondary bladder amiloidosis being described around 25 cases. The secondary bladder amiloidosis associates in most from the patients to arthritis reumatoide of long evolution. He diagnoses clinical it is difficult, being necessary the differential diagnosis with the bladder tumour. The pathological study and inmunohistoquímics, confirm the diagnosis. We present the case of a patient that I debut with frank hematuria, hemodynamic uncertainty and renal inadequacy that it required combined treatment, doctor and surgical for the resolution of their square (AU)

Tumor miofibroblástico de vejiga / Miofibroblastic tumor of bladder

El tumor miofibroblásticos es un tumor mesenquimal benigno de carácter excepcional, siendo su localización mas habitual es el pulmón; mientras que su aparición en la vejiga, es excepcional, no existiendo mas de 100 casos publicados, de este tipo de tumor en la vejiga. Este tipo de tumor que clínica y radiológicamente, se comporta como un tumor maligno. El diagnóstico patológico es complejo, debido a su similitud con los sarcomas, siendo necesario recurrir a la inmunohistoquímica para un diagnostico de certeza. El tratamiento mediante resección amplia suele ser suficiente no existiendo en la actualidad ningún caso de metástasis a distancia, ni de malignizacion. Presentamos un nuevo caso de este tumor, realizando una amplia revisión bibliográfica (AU)

The miofibroblastic tumor, is a mesenchimal benign tumor of exceptional character, being its localization but habitual it is the lung; while its appearance in the bladder, is exceptional, not existing but of 100 published cases, of this tumor type in the bladder. This tumor type that clinic and radiologics, behave as a wicked tumor. The pathological diagnosis is complex, due to its similarity with the sarcomas, being necessary to appeal to the inmunohistoquimics for a I diagnose of certainty.The treatment by means of wide resection is usually enough not existing any case of metastasis at the present time at distance, neither of malignization. We present a new case of this neoplasm, carrying out a wide bibliographical revision (AU)

[Microsatellite analysis in exfoliated cells from urinary sediment. Its utility for the detection of bladder cancer. Comparison with urinary cytology]. / Análisis de microsatélites en células exfoliadas del sedimento urinario. Su utilidad para la detección del cáncer vesical. Estudio comparativo con citología urinaria.

INTRODUCTION: Taking into account the precocity of the genetic alterations in the carcinogenesis of the bladder tumors, the valuation of these changes at a level of 9p 21-22 by means of microsatellite markers could be useful for the diagnostic and follow-up. PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of microsatellite markers and the utility of loss of heterozigosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in exfoliated cells from urine sediment. This observation offers the possibility of tumor detection by examining the DNA of urinary sediment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We amplified with PCR the DNA of urine and blood samples from 160 patients with bladder cancer. We analysed LOH/MSI in cells from urinary sediment using four microsatellite markers of 9p 21-22 (D9S747-D9S171-D9S162-IFNA) and one from chromosome 4 (D4S243). The urinary cytology was used as comparative method and histological examination of tissue obtained by transurethral resection (TUR) as reference diagnostic. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of this method and if there was some correlation between stage and grade tumoral. RESULTS: We could use 150 samples correctly. In 111 samples we found LOH/MSI (sensitivity 74%). The cytology was positive only in 60 patients (sensitivity 40%). We found a bigger number of microsatellite alterations (AM) in superficial tumors (sensibility 77.3% vs. 28.8% for the cytology) and these were significant when comparing tumors GI-II vs. GIII (MSI p < 0.001--LOH p < 0.004). The marker with more sensibility was D4S243 with 40%. One patient with prostate carcinoma and another one with chronic cystitis gave false positive results. CONCLUSIONS: The study of LOH/MSI in bladder tumors with 5 microsatellites markers, according to our results showed a sensibility of 74%. The biggest number in LOH/MSI was found in superficial tumors and GI-GII tumors. Although we cannot discard the cystoscopy study in the diagnostic and follow-up, the sensitivity of the urine cytology is better and could be one alternative diagnostic as a non-invasive procedure.

Análisis de microsatélites en células exfoliadas del sedimento urinario. Su utilidad para la detección del cáncer vesical. Estudio comparativo con citología urinaria / Microsatellite analysis in exfoliated cells from urine sediment. Utility for bladder cancer detection. Comparative study with urinary cytology

INTRODUCCIÓN: Teniendo en cuenta la precocidad de las alteraciones genéticas en la carcinogénesis de los tumores de vejiga, la valoración de estos cambios a nivel de 9p 21-22 por medio de marcadores microsatélites podrían ser útiles para el diagnóstico y seguimiento. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el uso de marcadores microsatélites y la utilidad de pérdida de heterocigosidad (LOH) e inestabilidad de microsatélites (MSI) en células exfoliadas del sedimento urinario para él diagnostico de tumores vesicales. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Amplificamos con PCR el DNA de muestras de orina y sangre de 160 pacientes con tumor vesical. Con 4 marcadores microsatélites de 9p 21-22 (D9S747-D9S171-D9S162-IFNA) y 1 de cromosoma 4 (D4S243) se analizó LOH/MSI en células del sedimento urinario. Utilizamos la citología urinaria como método comparativo y el análisis histológico del tejido obtenido por R.T.U, como diagnóstico de referencia. Calculamos la sensibilidad y especificidad del método y si existía alguna correlación con estadio y grado tumoral. RESULTADOS: Se pudo utilizar correctamente 150 muestras. En 111 encontramos LOH/MSI (sensibilidad del 74 por ciento). La citología pudo descubrir solamente 60 pacientes (sensibilidad 40 por ciento). Encontramos mayor número de alteraciones microsatélites (AM) en tumores superficiales (sensibilidad 77,3 por ciento vs. 28,8 por ciento de la citología) y valores estadísticamente significativos (MSI p<0,001 - LOH p<0,004) cuando comparamos tumores GI-II vs. GIII. El marcador con mayor sensibilidad fue D4S243 con un 40 por ciento. Un paciente con AD. Carcinoma de próstata y otro con cistitis crónica dieron resultado falsos positivos. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio de LOH/MSI en tumores vesicales con 5 marcadores microsatélites, según nuestros datos presenta una sensibilidad del 74 por ciento. El mayor números de LOH/MSI la encontramos en tumores superficiales y tumores GI-GII. Aunque no permite descartar la realización de cistoscopias en el diagnóstico y seguimiento, mejora la sensibilidad de la citología urinaria y seria una alternativa diagnostica como un procedimiento no invasivo. (Beca F.I.U) (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Taking into account the precocity of the genetic alterations in the carcinogénesis of the bladder tumors, the valuation of these changes at a level of 9p 21-22 by means of microsatellite markers could be useful for the diagnostic and follow-up. PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of microsatellite markers and the utility of loss of heterozigosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in exfoliated cells from urine sediment. This observation offers the possibility of tumor detection by examining the DNA of urinary sediment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We amplified with PCR the DNA of urine and blood samples from 160 patients with bladder cancer. We analysed LOH/MSI in cells from urinary sediment using four microsatellite markers of 9p 21-22 (D9S747-D9S171-D9S162-IFNA) and one from chromosome 4 (D4S243). The urinary cytology was used as comparative method and histological examination of tissue obtained by transurethral resection (TUR) as reference diagnostic. We calculated the sensibility and specificity of this method and if there was some correlation between stage and grade tumoral. RESULTS: We could use 150 samples correctly. In 111 samples we found LOH/MSI (sensibility 74%). The cytology was positive only in 60 patients (sensibility 40%). We found a bigger number of microsatellite alterations (AM) in superficial tumors (sensibility 77,3% vs. 28,8% for the cytology) and these were significant when comparing tumors GI-II vs. GIII (MSI p <0,001 - LOH p <0,004). The marker with more sensibility was D4S243 with 40%. One patient with prostate carcinoma and another one with chronic cystitis gave false positive results. CONCLUSIONS: The study of LOH/MSI in bladder tumors with 5 microsatellites markers, according to our results showed a sensibility of 74%. The biggest number in LOH/MSI was found in superficial tumors and GI-GII tumors. Although we cannot discard the cystoscopy study in the diagnostic and follow-up, the sensibility of the urine cytology is better and could be one alternative diagnostic as a non-invasive procedure (AU)