Comparison of Decaying Antibody Level After SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Case of Home Treated and Hospital Treated Patients at Different Interval.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the quantities difference and persistence of antibody in home and hospital treated patients at different interval. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BIRDEM General Hospital, from July, 2020 to June, 2021. This study protocol was approved by Institutional Review Board (IRB), BIRDEM. SARS-CoV-2 caused death of huge number of people. The disease most commonly represents with fever, cough, loss of smell sensation, fatigue etc. Who had mild symptoms did not admit at hospital. But when the disease progress to respiratory distress, involvement of lung field more than 50.0% and other complications then the patients need hospital admission. Hospital treated patients showed higher antibody status in comparison to home treated patients. Moreover it was reported that increased amount of antibody developed after 3rd and 4th months of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, statistically significant difference of decaying antibody level between home and hospital treated patients was observed.

Serum Homocysteine and its Association with Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

In developing countries like Bangladesh the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing day by day. Among the long-term complications of diabetes mellitus, vascular complications represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia is still considered the principal cause of diabetes complications. Total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Hyperhomocysteinemia independently appears to be a stronger risk factor for mortality than other risk factors in type 2 diabetes than in non diabetes. It may partly explain the link between microalbuminurea and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective of the study was to evaluate serum total homocysteine level and to correlate it with glycemic status in type 2 diabetic patients. This cross sectional study was conducted during the period of July 2011 to June 2013 on 95 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus, attending the Endocrine OPD of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Study subjects were selected by purposive and convenient sampling technique. Study subjects were categorized according to the presence or absence of hyperhomocysteinemia. Among the total study population hyperhomocysteinemia was found in 21.05%. Among them number of male was greater. Overall glycemic control was poor in the patients. Mean HbA1c (%) was 8.31±2.04. Among those having hyperhomocysteinemia mean HbA1c (%) was significantly lower than those who had no hyperhomocysteinemia (7.2±1.5 vs. 8.6±2.06). Around one fifth of the type 2 diabetic patients had hyperhomocysteinemia. Those having hyperhomocysteinemia had significantly better glycemic control than those having no hyperhomocysteinemia.

Correlation of hyperinsulinemia with hyperandrogenemia in primary infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among women of the reproductive age and is the most common form of anovulatory infertility. Hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia are the characteristic features of PCOS, but the association between hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia is not well established. To find out any causal association between Hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia, a retrospective study was done on primary infertile women suffering from PCOS in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. A total of 80 subjects were selected, among them 60 were cases and 20 were controls. Depending on their body mass index, the cases were divide into two groups, obese (n=30) and non-obese (n=30). Age and BMI matched controls were taken for both age groups. Observations derived from the study suggested that hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia are characteristic features of PCOS but significant correlation was not found between hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia. However, we cannot negate any possible association between the two and thereby we recommend further study to be done with a larger sample size.

Serum zinc and magnesium level in newly diagnosed type-2 diabetic subjects.

This cross sectional study aimed to determine serum levels of zinc and magnesium in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic (Group I) and 80 healthy non-diabetic subjects (Group II). Diabetic patients without any complications were studied. It was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College in cooperation with the out patient Department of Endocrinology of Mymensingh Medical College, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University and BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka during the period from July 2008 to June 2009. A total of 160 subjects aged 55-65 years were enrolled for this study. Of them 80 were newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic (Group I) and 80 were apparently healthy non-diabetic (Group II) subjects. For both case and control, persons having no current medication, intercurrent illness, macro or microvascular complications and history of renal failure were selected. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to estimate the serum levels of zinc and magnesium. The Plasma zinc (72.07±6.84µg/dl) and magnesium (1.86±0.17mg/dl) significantly decreased in type 2 diabetic patients when compared with control (76.59±6.10µg/dl, 1.99±0.17mg/dl). It is concluded that type 2 diabetes mellitus can result in changes in zinc and magnesium levels. As the present study sample was small so it is difficult to draw any definite conclusion. However, the estimation and supplementation of both zinc and magnesium may be suggested in those cases.

Effect of oxidative stress in male infertility.

Infertility is a medical and social problem all over the world. Infertility results from abnormality of the male partners in almost 50% of cases. Oxidative stress is involved with many chronic pathological conditions and the current study was designed to evaluate any association that may exist between male infertility and oxidative stress. Infertile male patients (having female partners with normal fertility parameters; n=31) and age- matched healthy male fertile control subjects (n=30) were randomly selected from the Infertility Unit of the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. As a marker of oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte and seminal plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in fertile and otherwise healthy infertile male subjects. In addition, antioxidant capacity was evaluated by measuring erythrocyte and seminal plasma glutathione (reduced form, GSH) concentrations in fertile and infertile male subjects. The MDA and GSH levels were measured by thiobarbituric acid method and Elmans method respectively. The median (range) MDA level of erythrocyte was found significantly higher in infertile male subjects compared with healthy fertile male subjects 24.23(3.71-42.21) vs. 12.84(1.30-24.00)nmol/gm Hb p<0.001. However, the erythrocyte GSH level did not differ between the two groups 12.62(0.67-29.82) versus 13.93 (2.10-21.08)mg/gm Hb. In case of seminal plasma, the median (range) MDA level was found significantly higher in infertile group 3.17 (1.20-6.21) versus 1.88(0.50-5.37)nmol/ml, p<0.001. In addition, the seminal plasma GSH level was found markedly suppressed in infertile group compared with fertile group 1.64(0.23-7.50) versus 4.26(2.32-7.50)mg/dl, p<0.001. Taken together, infertile male patients show an elevation of oxidative stress markers both in the erythrocytes and in the seminal plasma. Indicating that male infertility might be associated with increased oxidative stress.

Role of cardiac troponin I in staging and prognosis of congestive heart failure subjects.

Congestive heart failure is the one of the major cardiovascular disorder that is increasing in incidence and cause of death globally. Mortality rate has increased 40%-50% in advanced cardiac failure and 15%-25% in mild to moderate cardiac failure within one year of diagnosis. There is no established biochemical marker for the diagnosis, prognosis and staging of heart failure. Cardiac Troponin I may be a novel useful tool in identifying patients with Heart failure who are at increased risk for progressive ventricular dysfunction and death. Thirty six congestive heart failure cases and thirty six healthy controls were included in this study and serum cardiac troponin I and Ejection fraction were measured. All the study subjects were grouped according to the NYHA class they belong. Cardiac troponin I was significantly higher in CHF cases than the controls. Troponin I also significantly differed among groups. EF of cases was significantly lower than the controls and also differed among groups. A significant negative correlation between cardiac troponin I and progressive decline of ejection fraction was evident in this study. Cardiac troponin I increased progressively with progression of heart failure. Thus, Cardiac troponin I could be used to stratify patients undergoing heart failure in to high and low risk groups for future cardiac events. Cardiac troponin I could also be used as a very important marker for the prognosis of the patients with congestive heart failure.

Spot morning urine protein creatinine ratio and 24 hour urinary total protein excretion rate.

Proteinuria helps to establish the diagnosis of most renal diseases and also to predict the outcome of such diseases. Proteinuria is biochemically represented by measuring the protein concentration in timed collection of 24 hour urine. But, 24-hour timed urine collection is time consuming, cumbersome and often unreliable due to collection errors and also results in undue delay on diagnostic process. An alternate approach avoiding arduous and inaccurate timed urine collection can be the measurement of protein creatinine ratio in spot morning urine. This study was aimed to evaluate whether the spot morning urine protein creatinine ratio can be a reliable alternative to 24-hour urinary total protein (UTP) estimation. The study was carried out in the department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka on 50 (fifty) non-diabetic Chronic Renal Disease (CRD) patients with an age ranging from 18 -70 years. The study subjects were grouped into mild, moderate and severe CRD on the basis of GFR. Urinary protein and creatinine concentrations were measured in spot morning urine samples and their ratios were calculated. Urinary protein measured in 24-hour timed collected urine samples gave the 24-hour UTP excretion rate. In our study, spot morning urine protein creatinine ratio significantly correlated with 24-hour UTP excretion rate in all CRD patients. Severe CRD patients gave significant positive correlation (p<0.05), whereas mild and moderate CRD patients gave very highly significant positive correlation (p<0.001). Therefore, it may be suggested that protein creatinine ratio in spot morning urine can be accepted as a reliable and alternative to 24-hour UTP excretion rate in non-diabetic chronic renal disease patients. This simple and inexpensive procedure will thus simplify the way of establishing the severity of renal disease along with its prognosis.

Serum homocysteine concentration in patients with acute MI and chronic IHD.

This was an observational study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka; with the active co-operation of Coronary Care Unit (CCU) of BSMMU & National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD), Dhaka. This study was carried out from March 2002 to January 2003. Total seventy (70) subjects were studied. Out of them 20 were of Acute MI, 20 were Chronic ischemic heart disease (CHD) and 30 were age and sex matched healthy controls. Hospitalized diagnosed patients were selected by taking history, clinical examination and several investigations like ECG. Echocardiogram, Angiogram and several enzymes assay. Several studies in many countries showed that serum homocysteine (Hcy) was elevated in IHD Patient. Cardiovascular disease is alarmingly increasing in Bangladesh. So our aim and objective of the study was to find out the association of serum Hcy with Acute MI and chronic ischemic heart disease (CHD) patients in our population. Mean Hcy level of Acute MI were 21.16 +/- 4.56 (micromol/l), 27.55 +/- 10.40 (micromol/l) and that of control was 13.03 +/- 10.51(micromol/l). Serum Hcy was significantly higher in both cases than control. But insignificant difference was found between AMI vs CHD (P> 0.05). Quantitative measurement of serum Hcy was measured by fluorescence polarization Immunoassay (FPIA) in IMX analyzer (Abbott-USA).

Glycemic status in hyperthyroid subjects.

This was an observational case-control study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka jointly with the 'Thyroid and Endocrine Clinic' of the same institution during the period of January 2002 to December 2002. Sixty-five (65) newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients between 20-60 years of age were studied, where forty-five (45) were Graves' disease and twenty (20) were TMNG (Toxic multinodular goiter) patients. Thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed by history, clinical examination and biochemical investigations- FT4, TSH, and Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test. Thirty (30) age and sex matched healthy subjects were taken as control. The mean age was 33.02+/-9.24 years in Graves' disease and 37.55+/-9.49 years in TMNG. Female predominance observed in both the diseases. Glucose intolerance was found in 72.3% of thyrotoxic patients, which is much higher than European population. Our study showed Diabetes mellitus (DM) in 11% of Graves' disease patients. The incidence of DM in Graves' disease was slightly higher in our population. Incidence of DM in TMNG in our study was much lower (5%) than that of Graves' disease (11%) but the incidence of IGT (Impaired glucose tolerance) in TMNG was more (85%) in relation to Graves' disease (54%). Percentage of RAIU was more marked in Graves' disease than TMNG. There is a significant positive correlation (p<0.05) between plasma glucose and FT4 in Graves' disease. Glucose intolerance is frequently found in Thyrotoxic patients.