Reação de genótipos de batata-doce a nematóides de galhas em condições de temperatura elevada / Reaction of genotypes of the sweet potato to nematode galls in high temperature conditions

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a reação de genótipos de batata-doce oriundos de sementes botânicas quanto a nematóides de galhas (M. incognita raça 2 e M. javanica) em condições de temperatura elevada. Para cada espécie de nematóides, foi instalado um experimento utilizando o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Foram avaliados 25 genótipos dos quais 20 são famílias de meios-irmãos (oriundo de um campo de policruzamento); cinco cultivares (Amanda, Ana Clara, Bárbara, Duda e Marcela) e a cultivar de tomate Santa Clara, suscetível aos nematóides. A classificação da resistência foi feita pelo Índice de Reprodução (IR%), no período mais quente do ano (janeiro/fevereiro), sobre condições temperatura média do solo de 26 ºC na região Sul do Estado do Tocantins. Avaliou-se também o número médio de galhas por sistema radicular, tamanho médio das galhas e posicionamento das galhas. Em condição de temperatura elevada, a espécie M. javanica foi mais agressiva do que M. incognita raça 2, originando galhas em maior número e de maior tamanho, principalmente nas raízes secundárias. Os genótipos BDFMI-16, BDFMI-78, Bárbara e Marcela são resistentes a M. incognita raça 2. Para o isolado M. javanica, o genótipo BDFMI-04 e BDFMI-16 e as cultivares Amanda e Duda são classificados como muito resistentes. O genótipo BDFMI-16 resistente a M. incognita raça 2 e M. javanica é promissor para uso no Estado do Tocantins ou então compor programas de melhoramento cujo objetivo é desenvolver genótipos resistentes às duas espécies de nematóides.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of sweet potato genotypes derived from botanical seed gall nematode (M. incognita race 2 and M. javanica) in high temperature conditions. For each species of nematodes, an experiment was conducted using completely randomized design with three replications. Were evaluated 25 genotypes of which 20 are half-sib families (coming from a field polycross); five cultivars (Amanda, Ana Clara, Barbara Duda and Marcela) and tomato cultivar Santa Clara, susceptible to nematodes. The classification was made by the resistance Rendering Index (IR%), the hottest period of the year (January/February) on average soil temperature conditions of 26 ° C in the southern region of the State of Tocantins. Also evaluated the mean number of galls per root system galled average size and positioning of the gall. Under high temperature condition, the species M. javanica was more aggressive than M. incognita race 2, causing galls in greater numbers and larger, especially in the secondary roots. Genotypes BDFMI-16, BDFMI-78, and cultivars Barbara and Marcela are resistant M. incognita race 2. To isolate M. javanica, the genotype BDFMI-04 and BDFMI-16 and cultivars Amanda and Duda are classified as very resistant. Genotype BDFMI 16 resistant M. incognita race 2 and M. javanica is promising for use in the State of Tocantins and then compose breeding programs aimed at developing genotypes resistant to both nematode species.

Adverse drug reaction monitoring: support for pharmacovigilance at a tertiary care hospital in Northern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are recognised as a common cause of hospital admissions, and they constitute a significant economic burden for hospitals. Hospital-based ADR monitoring and reporting programmes aim to identify and quantify the risks associated with the use of drugs provided in a hospital setting. This information may be useful for identifying and minimising preventable ADRs and may enhance the ability of prescribers to manage ADRs more effectively. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate ADRs that occurred during inpatient stays at the Hospital Geral de Palmas (HGP) in Tocantins, Brazil, and to facilitate the development of a pharmacovigilance service. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted at HGP over a period of 8 months, from January 2009 to August 2009. This observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was based on an analysis of medical records. Several parameters were utilised in the data evaluation, including patient demographics, drug and reaction characteristics, and reaction outcomes. The reaction severity and predisposing factors were also assessed. RESULTS: The overall incidence of ADRs in the patient population was 3.1%, and gender was not found to be a risk factor. The highest ADR rate (75.8%) was found in the adult age group 15 to 50 years, and the lowest ADR rate was found in children aged 3 to 13 years (7.4%). Because of the high frequency of ADRs in orthopaedic (25%), general medicine (22%), and oncology (16%) patients, improved control of the drugs used in these specialties is required. Additionally, the nurse team (52.7%) registered the most ADRs in medical records, most likely due to the job responsibilities of nurses. As expected, the most noticeable ADRs occurred in skin tissues, with such ADRs are more obvious to medical staff, with rashes being the most common reactions. Metamizole, tramadol, and vancomycin were responsible for 21, 11.6, and 8.4% of ADRs, respectively. The majority of ADRs had moderate severity (58.9%), thus requiring intervention. Type A reactions were the most common (82.1%). At least one predisposing factor was present in 79.9% of the reports examined, and the most common predisposing factor was polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained will contribute to the development of strategies for the pharmacovigilance service at HGP and other hospitals throughout the country, which will improve the quality of ADR reporting and ensure safer drug use in Brazilian hospitals.

Tipos de estacas e diferentes substratos na propagação vegetativa da erva cidreira (quimiotipos I, II e III) / Types of cuttings and different substrates in the vegetative propagation of the Lippia alba (chemotypes I, II and III)

A erva-cidreira [Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown] é comumente utilizada no Brasil como planta medicinal por suas propriedades analgésica, antiespasmódica, calmante e sedativa. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tipo de estaca e de diferentes substratos sobre a propagação vegetativa da erva-cidreira quimiotipos I, II e III. O material botânico utilizado foi estacas de erva-cidreira quimiotipos I, II, e III, com aproximadamente 12 cm de comprimento. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizadas estacas (apicais e basais) dos três quimiotipos, em um esquema fatorial 2 x 3. No segundo experimento, as estacas dos três quimiotipos foram propagadas em três substratos: substrato comercial + esterco bovino curtido (na proporção de 1:1); substrato comercial + palha de arroz carbonizada (na proporção de 1:1); e substrato comercial, em um esquema fatorial de 3 x 3 com 4 repetições, onde se determinou a massa fresca e seca da raiz, caule e folhas. Estacas apicais e basais podem ser utilizadas na propagação vegetativa da erva-cidreira quimiotipos I, II e III. As misturas substrato comercial + palha de arroz carbonizada e substrato comercial + esterco bovino curtido são recomendadas para a propagação vegetativa da erva-cidreira quimiotipos I, II e III.

The Lippia alba is commonly used in Brazil as a medicinal plant for its analgesic properties, antispasmodic, calming and sedative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cutting type and different substrates on the propagation of the Lippia alba chemotypes I, II and III. The botanical material used was stakes Lippia alba chemotypes I, II and III, with approximately 12 cm in length. In the first experiment, we used cuttings (apical and basal) of the three chemotypes in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement. In the second experiment, cuttings of three chemotypes were propagated in three substrates: commercial substrate + cattle manure (1:1), commercial substrate + carbonized rice hulls (1:1) and commercial substrate, in a factorial 3 x 3 with 4 replicates, was determined fresh and dry weight of root, stem and leaves. Apical and basal cuttings can be used in the propagation of the Lippia alba chemotypes I, II and III. The commercial substrate mixtures + carbonized rice hulls and commercial substrate + cattle manure are recommended for the propagation of lemongrass chemotypes I, II and III.

Efeito da adubação e da luz na produção de biomassa do capim citronela / The fertilization and the light effect in the biomass production of citronella grass

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito da adubação e da luz na produção de biomassa do capim citronela (Cymbopogon nardus) nas condições edafoclimáticas de Gurupi- TO. No experimento efeito da adubação na produção de biomassa do capim citronela foram utilizados três tratamentos de adubação (controle, adubação orgânica e adubação mineral), com sete repetições. No experimento, efeito da luz na produção de biomassa do capim citronela foram utilizados dois ambientes (a pleno sol e sob sombrite), em cinco épocas de avaliação, com onze repetições. As épocas de avaliação foram realizadas em intervalos regulares de 28 dias, sendo a primeira aos 75, e a última aos 187 dias após transplantio. Em ambos os experimentos foram avaliados as seguintes características: altura da planta, número de perfilhos, número de folhas, massa fresca da parte aérea, massa desidratada, massa seca, área foliar e índice de área foliar. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos de adubação, que está relacionado com a rusticidade do capim citronela e a boa adaptação às condições edafoclimáticas da região sul do Estado do Tocantins. As plantas do capim citronela cultivadas a pleno sol, apresentaram 291,82 g de massa fresca e 72,96 g de massa seca, aos 187 dias após transplantio. O ambiente a pleno sol proporcionou maior produção de biomassa do capim citronela.

This study aimed to analyse the effect of fertilizer and light in the production of biomass of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) under the edaphoclimatic conditions of Gurupi- TO. In the experiment the fertilization effect in the biomass production of citronella grass three treatments were used for fertilization (without fertilization, organic fertilization and chemical fertilization), with seven repetitions. In the experiment the light effect in the biomass production of citronella grass were used two situations (full "sun" and "under" shadow) in five evaluations time, with eleven repetitions. The evaluation were carried out in regular intervals of 28 days, the first on the 75th day and the last in 187 days after transplanting. In both experiments were measured the following characteristics: plant height, number of tillers, number of leaf, aerial part of fresh mass, dry mass, dehydrated mass, leaf area and leaf area index. No significant difference was observed between the fertilization treatments, which are related to the roughness of citronella grass and good adaptation to the ecological conditions of southern State of Tocantins. The plants of citronella grass grown under full sun showed 291.82 grams of fresh mass and 72.96 grams of dry mass, at 187 days after transplanting. The situations "sun" provided greater production of biomass of citronella grass.