RESUMO
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the most common genital infections that are seen every day in clinics. This infection is due to excessive growth of Candida that are normally present in the vagina in small numbers. Diagnosis of VVC is routinely done by direct microscopy of Pap smear samples and searching for the Candida in the Pap smear glass slides. This manual method is subjective, time consuming, labour-intensive and tedious. This study presents a computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) method to improve human diagnosis of VVC. The proposed CAD method reduces the diagnostic time and also can be worked as a second objective opinion for pathologists. Our main objective is detection and extraction of mycelium and conidium of Candida fungus from microscopic images of Pap smear samples. In this regard, the proposed method is composed of three main phases, namely preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. At the first phase, bottom-hat filtering is used for elimination of the cervical cells and separating the background. Then decorrelation stretching and colour K-means clustering are used for Candida segmentation. Finally the extracted features used by a decision tree classifier to detect Candida from other parts of smear. The proposed method was evaluated on 200 Pap smear images and showed specificity of 99.83% and 99.62% and sensitivity of 92.18% and 94.53% for detection of mycelium and conidium, respectively.
Assuntos
Candidíase Vulvovaginal/diagnóstico , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/microbiologia , Teste de Papanicolaou , Algoritmos , Automação Laboratorial , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Microscopia , Teste de Papanicolaou/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Esfregaço Vaginal , Fluxo de TrabalhoRESUMO
To compare the prevalence of positive autoantibodies in patients with thyroid disorders and healthy subjects in an iodine-replete area of the Islamic Republic of Iran, we studied 930 women in a clinic-based study: 698 patients (286 hypothyroid, 140 hyperthyroid, 272 with simple goitre) and 232 healthy women. Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid stimulating hormone, and anti-thyroid antibodies were measured. Positive autoantibodies were detected in 75.5% of patients with hypothyroidism, 73.6% of those with hyperthyroidism, 48.9% of those with simple goitre and 35.8% of the control group (P < 0.001). Autoimmunity may have a role in the genesis of common thyroid disorders.
Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Autoantígenos/imunologia , Bócio Endêmico/sangue , Hipertireoidismo/sangue , Hipotireoidismo/sangue , Iodeto Peroxidase/imunologia , Proteínas de Ligação ao Ferro/imunologia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Deficiências Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Deficiências Nutricionais/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Alimentos Fortificados , Bócio Endêmico/epidemiologia , Bócio Endêmico/imunologia , Humanos , Hipertireoidismo/epidemiologia , Hipertireoidismo/imunologia , Hipotireoidismo/epidemiologia , Hipotireoidismo/imunologia , Iodo/deficiência , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Programas Nacionais de Saúde , Vigilância da População , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta , Testes de Função Tireóidea , Tireotropina/sangue , Tiroxina/sangue , Tri-Iodotironina/sangue , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
To compare the prevalence of positive autoantibodies in patients with thyroid disorders and healthy subjects in an iodine-replete area of the Islamic Republic of Iran, we studied 930 women in a clinic-based study: 698 patients [286 hypothyroid, 140 hyperthyroid, 272 with simple goitre] and 232 healthy women. Serum thyroxine [T4], triiodothyronine [T3], thyroid stimulating hormone, and antithyroid antibodies were measured. Positive autoantibodies were detected in 75.5% of patients with hypothyroidism, 73.6% of those with hyperthyroidism, 48.9% of those with simple goitre and 35.8% of the control group [P < 0.001]. Autoimmunity may have a role in the genesis of common thyroid disorders
