Phylogenetic analysis and forensic evaluation among Rakhine, Marma, Hajong, and Manipuri tribes from four culturally defined regions of Bangladesh using 17 Y-chromosomal STRs.

We have analyzed haplotypes for 17 Y chromosomal STR loci in Bangladeshi mainstream Bengali population and four largest ethnic groups inhabiting the North-Eastern and Southern region of Bangladesh using AmpFlSTR® Yfiler® PCR amplification systems. A total of 667 haplotypes from Bangladeshi Bangali, 157 from Rakhine, 144 from Marma, 112 from Hajong, and 136 from Manipuri individuals were observed with corresponding discrimination capacity (DC) of 0.973 for Bengali, 0.723 for Rakhine, 0.743 for Marma, 0.794 for Hajong, and 0.720 for Manipuri groups, respectively. In order to investigate genetic relationship and the pattern of paternal contributions of the studied population, a comparison of the studied data with the published data from Y-STR haplotype reference database (YHRD) was conducted based on analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). Construction of neighbour-joining tree revealed that the Rakhine population lies closer to a clade consisting, Korean and Japanese population. The Hajong population showed close affinity with Riang (Tripura, India) tribe followed by Marma population. On the other hand, Manipuri group is closely related to Thai population followed by Tamil and mainstream Bengali population.

Genetic polymorphism studies on 22 autosomal STR loci of the PowerPlex Fusion System in Bangladeshi population.

Genetic polymorphism of 22 autosomal STR loci included in PowerPlex® Fusion System (D3S1358, D1S1656, D2S441, D10S1248, D13S317, Penta E, D16S539, D18S51, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, TH01, vWA, D21S11, D7S820, D5S818, TPOX, D8S1179, D12S391, D19S433, FGA and D22S1045) was studied in 188 unrelated Bangladeshi Bengali individuals. Allele frequencies and forensic efficiency parameters such as, the power of discrimination (PD), observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho & He), polymorphism information content (PIC), probability of match (PM), power of exclusion (PE) and typical paternity index was calculated for the loci. The combined PM and PE for all 22 STR loci were calculated to be 5.29×10-27 and 0.99999999945 respectively. The dataset indicated the usefulness of these loci in personal identification, parentage testing and complex kinship analysis in Bangladeshi population. A neighbor-joining tree was constructed based on pair-wise Nei's genetic distance by comparing allele frequency data for the 22 loci with six other populations. The analysis showed that Bangladeshi population lies closer to a clade consisting Japan, the Philippines and East Timot populations.

Phylogenetic and forensic studies of the Bangladeshi population using next-generation PowerPlex® Y23 STR marker system.

Haplotype diversity and allele frequencies of 23 Y chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in the next-generation PowerPlex® Y23 System were studied in 137 Bangladeshi Bengali males. A total of 134 different haplotypes were observed with a discrimination capacity (DC) of 0.978, indicating a high potential for differentiating between male individuals in this population. The highest allele frequency (0.818) was observed in locus DYS391. Locus DYS385a/b showed the highest gene diversity (0.945) while locus DYS391 showed the lowest gene diversity (0.302). Double alleles were detected in three loci. On the other hand, four null alleles were detected in a single haplotype at DYS448, DYS549, DYS392, and DYS385a/b locus, respectively. The haplotype data is available in the Y chromosome haplotype reference database under accession number YA003445. To understand the genetic diversity of Bangladeshi Bengali population, a pairwise genetic distances (Rst) was calculated by comparing with 23 population studies consisting 4249 haplotypes. The analysis placed the Bangladeshi population along with Indian Tamil and Indo-Pakistani population in a clade separated from the rest.

Population genetics of 17 Y-chromosomal STRs loci in Garo and Santal tribal populations in Bangladesh.

Allele frequencies and haplotype diversity of 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci included in Y-filer™ PCR amplification kit were studied in 120 Garo and 139 Santal male individuals residing in two distinct regions of Bangladesh. A total of 99 different haplotypes from Garo and 129 different haplotypes from Santal individuals were observed with a corresponding discrimination capacity (DC) of 0.825 and 0.928, respectively. A comparison of the studied data with the published data from Y-STR haplotype reference database (YHRD) based on AMOVA revealed that the Garo population is closely related to Tripuri population from Tripura, India and Santal population moderately close to Munda population from Jharkhand, India. The mainstream Bengali population resides at a significant genetic distance from these two studied populations.

Forensic evaluation of 11 non-standard STR loci in Bangladeshi population.

Allele frequencies and forensic efficiency parameters of 11 non-standard autosomal STR loci, D21S1437, D22S683, D8S1110, D10S2325, D12S1090, D17S1294, D3S1744, D14S608, D20S470, D18S536 and D13S765 were evaluated in a sample of 102 unrelated Bangladeshi individuals. No significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in any of the loci studied. Statistical parameters of forensic importance, the power of discrimination (PD), observed and expected heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), matching probability (MP), power of exclusion (PE) and typical paternity index (TPI) were calculated for the loci. The most informative locus among the 11 STR loci was D10S2325 (PD=0.958), while the least informative was D17S129 (PD=0.876). The combined PD (1-PM) and MP was calculated to be 0.9999999999997 and 2.23×10(-23), respectively. These parameters indicated the usefulness of the loci in forensic personal identification and parentage testing among Bangladeshi population.