Toxicogenetic effects on fish species in two sub-basins of the upper Paraguay river, Southern Pantanal - Brazil.

This study aimed to evaluate water quality using limnological parameters in two sub-basins of the Negro and Apa Rivers, along with the composition and structure of the landscape around the locations sampled in the two sub-basins and their possible contribution to the loss of water quality. We also set out to identify the genotoxic effects on the erythrocytes of Prochilodus lineatus and Leporinus friderici. In particular, we quantified total Cr, Ni and Pb in the muscle of these fish species to determine which genotoxic changes are related to the concentration of metals detected in the fish from these two sub-basins of the Paraguay River Basin. The sub-basin of the Apa River presented a greater proportion of surrounding pastureland in relation to the basin of the Negro River. The erythrocytes of P. lineatus showed a significant difference between the sub-basins for nuclear pyknosis, binucleated cells and lobed nuclei (p < 0.05). In L. friderici, vacuolated nuclei, nuclear pyknosis and lobed nuclei alterations also showed a significant difference between the sub-basins (p < 0.05). The genotoxicity index of the Apa River sub-basin presented higher frequencies of nuclear alterations in P. lineatus and L. friderici (p < 0.05), compared to the Negro River sub-basin. The concentration of total Cr, Ni and Pb in the muscles of P. lineatus and L. friderici in the Negro River sub-basin leads to genotoxic damage, mainly from the induction of lobed nuclei. Based on our results, it can be concluded that toxicogenetic effects in native fish species are an important source of environmental diagnosis in the Upper Paraguay River Basin.

Influence of environmental integrity on feeding, condition and reproduction of Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda, 2008 in the Tarumã stream micro-basin / Influência da integridade ambiental na alimentação, condição e reprodução de Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda, 2008 na microbacia do córrego Tarumã

With the objective of evaluating the influence of the environmental integrity on feeding, condition factor and reproduction of Phalloceros harpagos, the species biology was analyzed in the Tarumã Stream micro-basin, Naviraí, Mato Grosso do Sul State (upper Paraná river). Samples were collected from 2007 to 2010, and biometric data of specimens was registered. Stomach and gonad were taken for the analysis of feeding and reproduction, respectively. The species is detritivore, showing a high flexibility in the diet. Debris and sediment, followed by plant and algae were the most ingested items. As for the condition factor, no definite pattern was observed in the values for both sexes, probably because the species has a long reproductive period. The frequency of occurrence distribution of gonad maturity stages indicated a greater number of immature females in the dry season at one of the least impacted sites. On the other hand, in the most affected site females were observed with increased fecundity. From the results obtained, it was found that the different levels of environmental degradation have no significant influence on feeding and condition factor, but rather probably exert influence on the reproduction of the species.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da integridade ambiental na alimentação, fator de condição e reprodução de Phalloceros harpagos a biologia da espécie foi analisada na microbacia do córrego Tarumã, Alto Rio Paraná. As coletas foram realizadas de 2007 a 2010 e os exemplares tiveram as suas informações biométricas anotadas. Foram retirados os estômagos e as gônadas para as análises da alimentação e reprodução, respectivamente. A espécie é detritívora e apresentou alta flexibilidade na dieta, sendo detritos/sedimento, seguido por vegetais e algas, os itens ingeridos em maior quantidade. Quanto ao fator de condição, não foi observado um padrão sazonal ou espacial nos valores encontrados para ambos os sexos, provavelmente devido ao fato da espécie apresentar um prolongado período reprodutivo. A distribuição de frequência de ocorrência de estágios de maturação gonadal indicou maior quantidade de fêmeas imaturas durante a estação seca em um dos locais menos impactados. Por outro lado, no local mais impactado foram observadas fêmeas com maior fecundidade. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi verificado que os diferentes estados de degradação ambiental não possuem influência significativa sobre a alimentação e fator de condição, mas, provavelmente, exerceram influência sobre a reprodução da espécie.