Cost-Consequences Analysis Following Different Exercise Interventions in Institutionalized Oldest Old: A Pilot Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVES: to investigate the effects of two different exercise interventions on cost of care, functional capacity, falls occurrence, muscle strength, and executive function in institutionalized oldest old. DESIGN: A pilot study of a randomized clinical trial investigating 12 months of two exercise interventions compared to a usual care group in oldest old residents of a nursing home. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 69 older patients (mean age 89.4 ±5.1 years) completed the full baseline and post intervention measurements. Participants were randomly allocated into multicomponent exercise group (MG, n=23), calisthenics group (CALG, n = 23), and usual care group (UCG, n=23). METHODS: Primary outcome was individual cost of care, and secondary outcomes included different physical and cognitive functioning tests, as well as number of falls. RESULTS: MG reduced the cost of care compared to the pre-intervention period, with the greatest difference from baseline achieved in month 12 [mean change 95% confidence interval (CI)=-330.43 (-527.06, -133.80), P=0.006], while UCG increased this outcome, with the greatest difference from baseline observed in month 12 [mean change (95%CI)=300.00 (170.27, 429.72), P=0.013]. In addition, MG significantly improved SPPB score [mean change (95% CI) = 1.21 (0.55, 1.88), P<0.001], whereas the UCG exhibited a decline in scores [mean change (95% CI) = -1.43 (-1.90, -0.97), P<0.001]. Moreover, MG group demonstrated an improvement in the number of falls [mean change (CI 95%) = -1.0 (-1.73, -0.27), P=0.003], while no significant changes were observed in UCG. Additionally, MG exhibited a significant increase in the handgrip strength (HGS) and leg press strength (P<0.001), while a decrease was observed in UCG (P<0.001). No significant changes were observed in the CALG. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: a one-year multicomponent exercise intervention reduced the cost of care, improved functional capacity and muscle strength, as well as reduced falls in institutionalized oldest old.

The influence of bridge-reduced state levels on the electron transfer within the 2,7-dinitroanthracene radical anion.

Optical and EPR spectroscopy show that the 2,7-dinitroanthracene radical anion has an (apparent) electronic coupling much higher than either its N,N distance or its non-Kekule substitution would suggest. The results can only be explained if a low-lying bridge redox state is influencing the electron transfer.

[Detection and initial management of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in medicine emergency room: 24 hours follow-up in a general hospital]. / Detección y manejo inicial del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica en las urgencias de medicina: Análisis de 24 horas en un hospital general.

INTRODUCTION: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is a clinical situation frequently observed in Emergency Room (ER). Its early detection and supporting measures improve prognosis of these patients. AIMS: To know the incidence of SIRS among patients who come to ER, their frequency and distribution factors and the clinical evolution at 3 and 30 days. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Observational prospective simple-blind study. During 24 hours, SIRS was detected by observant doctors with an independent registry. Their management was observed. Patients from Obstetrics and Traumatology were not observed. Follow-up was done using telephonic and informatical techniques at 3 and 30 day. A descriptive analysis was done. RESULTS: There were 163 patients attended in ER; 25 of them with SIRS (15.3%), 16 were male (65%) and 9 female (35%). By ages 8 were under 30, 4 were between 30 and 60 and 13 were over. The respiratory rate was not measured in 12 of the 25 patients with SIRS (48%). An infectious etiology (sepsis) was found in 19 of those 25 (76%) patients. The most frequent criterion of sepsis was tachycardia, followed by leukocyte disorders. Support of volume and antimicrobial therapy were only started at once in 21 and 42% respectively on patients with sepsis. 15 of 25 were admitted (2 in ICU). After 3 days, 11 of 25 remained at hospital and after 30 days 2. CONCLUSIONS: SIRS is a prevalent situation in ER with a high percentage of admissions. Most of SIRS were of infectious origin (sepsis). Major attention is needed among physicians to establish a promptly diagnose and starting support measures that improve their prognosis.

Detección y manejo inicial del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica en las urgencias de medicina. Análisis de 24 horas en un hospital general / Detection and inicial management of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in medicine emergency room. 24 hours follow-up in a general hospital

Introducción: El síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SIRS) se presenta con frecuencia en Urgencias. Desde la Conferencia de Consenso de 1991, ratificada en la Conferencia Internacional de definiciones de sepsis de 2001 se define este síndrome como la adaptación del organismo tras una agresión. Su detección precoz y la instauración de medidas de soporte, guiadas por objetivos, mejoran el pronóstico de los pacientes. Objetivos: Conocer la incidencia de SIRS entre los pacientes que acuden a Urgencias, sus factores de frecuencia y distribución y su evolución clínica a los 3 y 30 días. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio prospectivo observacional, simple ciego. Se detectó la situación de SIRS mediante observadores con registro independiente, y se observó su manejo, durante 24 horas. Se excluyeron los pacientes de obstetricia y traumatología. Seguimiento: Telefónico y mediante la estación informática de pacientes a los 3 y 30 días. Análisis estadístico: descriptivo. Resultados: De las 163 asistencias se encontraron 25 pacientes con SIRS (15,3%), 16 en varones (65%) y 9 en mujeres (35%). Por edades había 8 < 30 años, 4 de 30-60 años y 13 > 60. A 12 se los 25 casos de SIRS (48%) no se les midió la frecuencia respiratoria. En 19 de los 25 casos (76%) el origen fue infeccioso (sepsis). El parámetro definitorio de SIRS más frecuente fue la taquicardia seguido del trastorno leucocitario.Tan sólo se inició precozmente la fluidoterapia y la antibioterapia en el 21 y 42% respectivamente de las sepsis. Ingresaron 15 de los 25 (2 en UCI), 3 días después permanecían 11 ingresados y 30 días después 2. Conclusiones: El SIRS es una situación clínica prevalente en Urgencias de medicina, mayoritariamente de etiología infecciosa (sepsis) quede para un número considerable de ingresos. Es necesaria una mayor sensibilización por parte del colectivo medico para establecer prontamente su diagnóstico e iniciar precozmente el tratamiento de soporte que mejore el pronóstico de estos pacientes

Introduction: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is a clinical situation frequently observed in Emergency Room (ER). Its early detection and supporting measures improve prognosis of these patients. Aims: To know the incidence of SIRS among patients who come to ER, their frequency and distribution factors and the clinical evolution at 3 and 30 days. Patients and methods: Observational prospective simple-blind study. During 24 hours, SIRS was detected by observant doctors with an independent registry. Their management was observed. Patients from Obstetrics and Traumatology were not observed. Follow-up was done using telephonic and informatical techniques at 3 and 30 day. A descriptive analysis was done. Results: There were 163 patients attended in ER; 25 of them with SIRS (15.3%), 16 were male (65%) and 9 female (35%). By ages 8 were under 30, 4 were between 30 and 60 and 13 were over. The respiratory rate was not measured in 12 of the 25 patients with SIRS (48%). An infectious etiology (sepsis) was found in 19 of those 25 (76%) patients.The most frequent criterion of sepsis was tachycardia, followed by leukocyte disorders. Support of volume and antimicrobial therapy were only started at once in 21 and 42% respectively on patients with sepsis. 15 of 25 were admitted (2 in ICU). After 3 days, 11 of 25 remained at hospital and after 30 days 2. Conclusions: SIRS is a prevalent situation in ER with a high percentage of admissions. Most of SIRS were of infectious origin (sepsis). Major attention is needed among physicians to establish a promptly diagnose and starting support measures that improve their prognosis