Oral manifestations associated with inflammatory bowel disease and early endoscopic findings in patients with spondyloarthritis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of autoinflammatory disorders, of which the primary extra-articular manifestation is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The oral cavity being a part of gastrointestinal tract, is significantly compromised in IBD, and in many cases, it is the first site of clinical manifestations of IBD. This study aimed to identify changes in the oral mucosa associated with the onset of IBD and their association with endoscopic/histological findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study assessed 80 patients with SpA and 52 healthy controls. Oral, rheumatological, and gastroenterological assessments were performed. The ileocolonoscopy was performed via digital magnification chromoendoscopy. The statistical analysis consisted of Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and multiple correspondence discriminant analysis tests. RESULTS: From the disease cohort, 63.0% patients showed oral lesions (p = 0.050). These manifestations ranged from gingivitis (55.0%, p = 0.001), aphthous stomatitis (3.8%, p = 0.091), angular cheilitis (2.6%, p = 0.200), and perioral erythema with scaling (1.3%, p = 0.300). All patients who presented with alterations in colonic mucosa also had oral lesions associated with IBD (p = 0.039), specifically gingivitis/aphthous stomatitis (p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: The patients with SpA without IBD present significant oral signs and symptoms. Gingivitis seems to be the most relevant because of its associations with early endoscopic and histological findings. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: An integral approach to the diagnostic tests that includes evaluations of oral, rheumatological and gastroenterological tissues may favor timely attention and improve patients' quality of life.

P050 Oral Inflammatory Changes Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spondyloarthritis Associated With Early Endoscopic Findings.

BACKGROUND: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a heterogeneous group of chronic autoinflammatory disorders that can present extra-articular gastrointestinal manifestations. Among them is mainly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although IBD mainly affects the intestinal tract, it can include early manifestations evident in the oral cavity. No comparative data on these oral manifestations in patients with SpA were found in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To identify oral clinical manifestations due to changes in the oral mucosa associated with IBD in patients with SpA without a diagnosis of IBD and associate them with endoscopic and histological findings. METHODS: 80 patients with SpA and 52 healthy controls were evaluated. They were assessed intra- and extra-orally, following the modified World Health Organization guideline. In addition, by clinical parameters of rheumatological, gastrointestinal and laboratory activity. Ileocolonoscopy was performed with digital chromoendoscopy with magnification and histological analysis. Comparative analyzes were performed by Chi square tests, Fisher's exact tests, confirmed by univariate regression and discriminant analysis of multiple correspondences. Institutional ethics committee approval cod-2017-023. RESULTS: The patients with SpA had 56% male gender, mean age of 42.8 years (SD ± 10.4) and a BMI in the range of 23.9 - 28.4. The healthy controls, 54% of the male gender with an average age of 41 years (SD ± 13.6) and a body mass index-BMI in the range of 22.9 - 27.6. The patients reported smoking only in 6.2%, however as a smoking history in 31% and passive smokers (15%), the majority employed (41%), married (56%) and professionals (49%). Of the healthy controls, they smoked (15%), with a history of smoking (31%), passive smokers (21%), the majority employed (77%), with their own home (67%), and professionals (54%). The patients with SpA reported a greater presence of some signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal origin 69%, while in the controls it was 7.7% (p = 0.001). Forty one of them were referred to colonoscopy with magnification being in 17.1 % changes in the mucosa of the rectum and in the same frequency changes in the mucosa of the sigmoid colon. Regarding the ileum, changes in the mucosa were evidenced in 41.5% of the cases. The presence of oral lesions was evident and predominated in them (63%) compared to controls p = 0.050. The main oral lesions associated with IBD were gingivitis (55%) (p = 0.001), followed by aphthous stomatitis (3.8%), angular cheilitis (2.6%) and perioral erythema with scaling (1.3%). 100% of the patients who presented alteration of the colonic mucosa presented oral lesions associated with IBD (p = 0039), which was also significantly associated with the presence of gingivitis/aphthous stomatitis (p = 0.029). CONCLUSION: Patients with SpA without a diagnosis of IBD have more oral signs and symptoms compared to healthy controls. Gingivitis is important given its association with early endoscopic and histological findings. Manifestations in the oral cavity can precede intestinal manifestations, therefore the clinical assessment by the oral pathologist in conjunction with gastroenterology and rheumatology allows a timely referral to gastroenterology and an endoscopic and histological evaluation, impacting the quality of life of patients.

4-Nitro-benzyl 3,4-bis-(acet-yloxy)-2-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxyl-ate: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational chemistry.

The title compound, C23H24N2O9, is a tetra-substituted pyrrolidine derivative with a twisted conformation, with the twist evident in the C-C bond bearing the adjacent acet-yloxy substituents. These are flanked on one side by a C-bound 4-meth-oxy-phen-yl group and on the other by a methyl-ene group. The almost sp 2-N atom [sum of angles = 357°] bears a 4-nitro-benzyl-oxycarbonyl substituent. In the crystal, ring-methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(acet-yloxy-carbon-yl) and methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(carbon-yl) inter-actions lead to supra-molecular layers lying parallel to (01); the layers stack without directional inter-actions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces indicates the combined importance of H⋯H (42.3%), H⋯O/O⋯H (37.3%) and H⋯C/C⋯H (14.9%) surface contacts. Further, the inter-action energies, largely dominated by the dispersive term, point to the stabilizing influence of H⋯H and O⋯O contacts in the inter-layer region.

1-Ethyl 2-methyl 3,4-bis-(acet-yloxy)pyrrolidine-1,2-di-carboxyl-ate: crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and computational chemistry.

The title compound, C13H19NO8, is based on a tetra-substituted pyrrolidine ring, which has a twisted conformation about the central C-C bond; the Cm-Ca-Ca-Cme torsion angle is 38.26 (15)° [m = methyl-carboxyl-ate, a = acet-yloxy and me = methyl-ene]. While the N-bound ethyl-carboxyl-ate group occupies an equatorial position, the remaining substituents occupy axial positions. In the crystal, supra-molecular double-layers are formed by weak methyl- and methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(carbon-yl) inter-actions involving all four carbonyl-O atoms. The two-dimensional arrays stack along the c axis without directional inter-actions between them. The Hirshfeld surface is dominated by H⋯H (55.7%) and H⋯C/C⋯H (37.0%) contacts; H⋯H contacts are noted in the inter-double-layer region. The inter-action energy calculations point to the importance of the dispersion energy term in the stabilization of the crystal.

Ethyl 3,4-bis-(acet-yloxy)-2-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)pyrrol-idine-1-carboxyl-ate.

The title pyrrolidine compound, C18H23NO7, is a tetra-substituted species in which the five-membered ring has a twisted conformation with the twist occurring in the C-C bond bearing the adjacent acet-yloxy substituents; the Cm-Ca-Ca-Cp torsion angle is -40.76 (18)° [m = methyl-ene, a = acet-yloxy and p = phen-yl]. The N atom, which is sp 2-hybridized [sum of bond angles = 359.4°], bears an ethyl-carboxyl-ate substitutent and is connected to a methyl-ene-C atom on one side and a carbon atom bearing a 4-meth-oxy-phenyl group on the other side. Minor disorder is noted in the ethyl-carboxyl-ate substituent as well as in one of the acet-yloxy groups; the major components of the disorder have site occupancies of 0.729 (9) and 0.62 (3), respectively. The most notable feature of the mol-ecular packing is the formation of helical, supra-molecular chains aligned along the b-axis direction whereby the carbonyl-O atom not involved in a disordered residue accepts C-H⋯O inter-actions from methyl-ene-H and two-C atom separated methine-H atoms to form a six-membered {⋯HCCCH⋯O} synthon.

El comportamiento dual de la crisis económica en las trayectorias laborales de inmigrantes colombianos en Madrid (España) / The Dual Behavior of the Economic Crisis in the Working Trajectories of Colombian Immigrants in Madrid, Spain

Resumen El artículo analiza el comportamiento de la crisis económica en las trayectorias laborales de colombianos en Madrid, examinando los dos segmentos del mercado de trabajo español. Recurriendo al método biográfico, se constata que la crisis irrumpe como elemento definitivo en el re-direccionamiento laboral. Dicha dinámica se muestra tanto para trabajadores del segundo segmento laboral, como para aquellos ubicados en el segmento primario, desarrollando distintas estrategias que permiten para unos, resistir las inclemencias del ciclo económico, y para otros, superar estos obstáculos. El capital social y la situación administrativa se muestran como mecanismos decisivos para afrontar este contexto.

Abstract The article analyzes the behavior of the economic crisis in the labor trajectories of Colombians in Madrid, by examining the two segments of the Spanish labor market. By using the biographical method, it is found that the crisis breaks as a definitive element in labor redirection. This dynamic is shown both for workers in the second labor segment, as well as for those located in the primary segment, by developing different strategies, which allow for some, to resist the inclement conditions of the economic cycle, and for others, to overcome these hurdles. The social capital and administrative situation are shown as decisive mechanisms to deal with this context.

Structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical analysis of a molecular system based on 2-((2-(4-chlorophenylhydrazone) methyl)quinolone / Análisis estructural, espectroscópico y teórico de un sistema molecular basado en la 2-((2-(4-clorofenilhidrazono) metil)quinolina / Análise estrutural, espectroscópico, e teórico de um sistema molecular com base na 2-((2-(4-Clorofenilhidrazona) metil)quinolina

Abstract A novel molecular system based on 2-((2-(4-chlorophenylhydrazone)methyl)quinoline (1-E ) was synthesized. Interconversion of 1-E to its configurational isomer 1-Z was achieved using UV radiation (250 W Hg lamp). Such isomerization was monitored by ¹H-NMR. The results suggest that the hydrazone derivative can act as a chemical brake in solution. This molecular system was structurally (Single Crystal X-Ray diffraction and DFT calculations) and spectroscopically (NMR, UV, and IR) characterized. Electrochemical measurements showed that configurational changes induce differential redox behavior. In this regard, the reported quinoline system exhibits different dynamic absorption and electrochemical properties that are modulated by UV-light. Therefore, 1-E can be regarded as a potential photo-electrochemical switch.

Resumen Se sintetizó un nuevo sistema molecular basado en 2-((2-(4-chlorofenilhidrazona)metil)quinolina. Del mismo modo, se evaluó la respuesta dinámica de este compuesto a radiación ultravioleta y formación de un enlace de hidrógeno intramolecular. Los resultados muestran que este derivado de hidrazona puede actuar como freno en solución. El sistema en mención es descrito estructural (Cristalografía de Rayos X y cálculos DFT) y espectroscópicamente (RMN, UV e IR). La interconversión de este sistema entre las configuraciones 1-E y 1-Z fue mediada por radiación UV y monitoreada a través de RMN-¹H. El estudio electroquímico mostró un comportamiento diferencial en función de su configuración, aspecto fundamental en el desarrollo de sistemas foto- y electroquímicamente modulados.

Resumo Neste trabalho é apresentado um novo sistema molecular baseado na 2-((2-(4-clorofenilhidrazona)metil)quinolina, capaz de responder dinamicamente à radiação ultravioleta formando uma ligação de hidrogénio intramolecular que atua como um freio na solução. Este sistema é descrito estruturalmente (cristalografia de raios-X e DFT) e por diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas (RMN, de UV e de IV). Radiação UV foi usada para fazer a interconversão da hidrazona 1-E no seu isômero configuracional 1-Z . Este processo foi monitorado pelo RMN. As medidas eletroquímicas mostraram que as mudanças configuracionais entre os isômeros induzem a comportamentos redox diferentes, o que é uma caraterística chave no desenvolvimento de interruptores fotoelectroquímicos.

(4-Nitro-phen-yl)methyl 2,3-di-hydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxyl-ate: crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis.

In the title compound, C12H12N2O4, the di-hydro-pyrrole ring is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0049 Å) and is nearly coplanar with the adjacent C2O2 residue [dihedral angle = 4.56 (9)°], which links to the 4-nitro-benzene substituent [dihedral angle = 4.58 (8)°]. The mol-ecule is concave, with the outer rings lying to the same side of the central C2O2 residue and being inclined to each other [dihedral angle = 8.30 (7)°]. In the crystal, supra-molecular layers parallel to (10-5) are sustained by nitro-benzene-C-H⋯O(carbon-yl) and pyrrole-C-H⋯O(nitro) inter-actions. The layers are connected into a three-dimensional architecture by π(pyrrole)-π(nitro-benzene) stacking [inter-centroid separation = 3.7414 (10) Å] and nitro-O⋯π(pyrrole) inter-actions.

(1R,2S,5R)-5-Methyl-2-[2-(4-nitro-phen-yl)propan-2-yl]cyclo-hexyl 2-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-2,5-di-hydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxyl-ate: crystal structure and Hirshfeld analysis.

In the title compound, C28H34N2O5, the adjacent ester and nitro-benzene substituents are connected via an intra-molecular methyl-ene-C-H⋯π(nitrobenzene) inter-action and the mol-ecule approximates to a U-shape. The di-hydro-pyrrole ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.003 Å) is almost co-planar with the carboxyl-ate residue [Cm-N-C1-Oc (m = methine, c = carbox-yl) torsion angle = 1.8 (4)°] but is orthogonal to the 4-meth-oxy-benzene ring [dihedral angle = 84.34 (17)°]. In the crystal, methyl-ene-C-H⋯O(carbon-yl) inter-actions lead to linear supra-molecular chains along the b-axis direction, which pack without directional inter-actions between them. The analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface points to the importance of weak inter-atomic H⋯H, O⋯H/H⋯O and C⋯H/H⋯C contacts in the crystal.

(E)-5-[1-Hy-droxy-3-(3,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-phen-yl)allyl-idene]-1,3-di-methyl-pyrimidine-2,4,6-trione: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

In the title compound, C18H20N2O7, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 7.28 (7)° and the almost planar conformation of the mol-ecule is supported by an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond, which closes an S(6) ring. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and aromatic π-π stacking link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network. A Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the major contribution to the inter-molecular inter-actions are van der Waals inter-actions (H⋯H contacts), accounting for 48.4% of the surface.

Photochemical and Electrochemical Triggered Bis(hydrazone) Switch.

Herein, we report the synthesis of a double hydrazone capable of undergoing photochemical E/Z isomerization through the imine double bonds. The bis(hydrazone) 1-E,E can be considered as a "two-arm" system in which the controlled movement of each arm is obtained by photo-modulation, making possible the appearance of two isolable metastable isomeric states 1-E,Z and 1-Z,Z. Such states are characterized by very specific structural, optical, and electrochemical properties. The latter allows the reversible return from either 1-E,Z or 1-Z,Z to the 1-E,E state. Our results are of great importance in the further development of molecular machines and photochemically controlled reactions by introducing for the first time double hydrazones as tunable photochemical switches.

Synthesis and characterization of (6-{[2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]methyl}pyridin-2-yl)methanol: a supramolecular and topological study.

Hydrazones exhibit a versatile chemistry and are of interest for their potential use as functional molecular systems capable of undergoing reversible changes of configuration, i.e. E/Z isomerization. The title compound, C12H12N4O, has an E configuration with respect to the hydrazone C=N bond. The crystal packing is formed by N-H...N and O-H...N hydrogen bonds that give a two-dimensional layer structure and C-H...C interactions associated with layer stacking to produce the three-dimensional supramolecular structure. These intermolecular interactions were analyzed and quantified by the Hirshfeld surface method and the two-dimensional supramolecular arrangement was topologically simplified as a hcb network.