The social perspective of euthanasia in Spain:variables that predict attitudes towards euthanasia / La perspectiva social de la eutanasia en España: variables relacionadas con las actitudes hacia la eutanasia

El debate sobre si la eutanasia debe ser o no una práctica legal está presente en la sociedad española desde los años 90. Recientemente, el gobierno español ha aprobado la Ley Orgánica 3/2021 sobre la regulación de la eutanasia. En relación con esta cuestión, que ha suscitado y sigue suscitando polémica tanto en la opinión pública como en el mundo político y jurídico, este trabajo explora la relación de las diferentes variables con las actitudes del público español hacia la eutanasia. Para ello, participaron en el estudio 182 personas residentes en España. Los resultados indican que no existen diferencias en cuanto a la edad o el sexo de los participantes en sus actitudes hacia la eutanasia. Las personas creyentes (independientemente de la religión) tienen actitudes menos favorables hacia la eutanasia que las personas no creyentes. La orientación política también se relaciona con las actitudes hacia la eutanasia. Finalmente, la confianza en el sistema de salud del país y la preocupación empática de las personas también está relacionada con sus actitudes hacia la eutanasia. La eutanasia acaba de aprobarse en España y se empieza a poner en práctica, es de vital importancia considerar la perspectiva social de la eutanasia.(AU)

The debate surrounding whether or not euthanasia should be a legal practice has been present in Spanish society since the 90’s. Recently, the Spanish government has passed Organic Law 3/2021 on the regulation of euthanasia. In relation to this question, which has raised and continues to raise controversy among both public opinion and the political and legal world, this work explores the relation of the different variables to the atti-tudes of the Spanish public towards euthanasia. For this purpose, 182 peo-ple residing in Spain took part in the study. The results indicate that there are no differences with regard to the age or gender of the participants in their attitudes towards euthanasia. Those who hold religious beliefs (irre-spective of their religion) hold less favourable attitudes towards euthanasia than non-believers. Political orientation also relates to attitudes towards eu-thanasia. Finally, trustin the country’s health system and people’s empathic concern is also related to their attitudes towards euthanasia. At this point in time, when euthanasia has only just been regulated and starts to be put into practice in this country, it is of vital importance to consider the social perspective of euthanasia.(AU)

Burden Predictors for Informal Caregivers of Older Adults in Spain: The Role of Cohabitation, Coping Strategies, Social Support, and Evaluation of Preexisting Relationships.

Given the role that informal caregivers play in caring for older adults and the importance of understanding the variables that may predict the burden that they experience due to caregiving, the aim of this article is to examine the relationship between different variables and the caregiver's subjective burden. Authors examined the relationship between caregivers' sociodemographic characteristics (age and gender), the context in which the care is provided (cohabiting or not), duty as a reason for taking on the role of caregiver, the evaluation of the preexisting relationship between caregiver and care recipient, as well as coping strategies and social support as predictor variables of subjective burden. For this purpose, 161 caregivers of older Spanish adults completed a questionnaire containing information on the corresponding variables. The results indicate that people cohabiting with care recipients experience a greater subjective burden than those who live apart. The caregiver's evaluation of their preexisting relationship with the care recipient and perceived family support negatively predicts the subjective burden, while maladaptive coping strategies positively predict it. These results underline the importance of considering these variables in caregiver support programs.

Perception of economic crisis among Spanish nursing students: Its relation to burnout and engagement.

BACKGROUND: The high levels of indebtedness and deficit of Spain's autonomous communities as a consequence of the national and European economic crisis have caused radical changes in the Spanish National Health Service. At the present time, the economic crisis is seriously affecting nurses in several European countries, and especially in Spain. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyse whether nursing students' perceptions of economic crisis influence their levels of burnout and engagement in relation to their studies. We have also tried to clarify the relationship of sociodemographic variables (age and gender) and personal control factors (self-efficacy, locus of control and success) with these factors. DESIGN: This was a transversal study based on descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Analysis of the quantitative data was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, IBM 19.0 (SPSS, 2010). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: 166 nursing students participated in the study, comprising 142 women and 24 men studying in Schools of Nursing in the North of Spain. They completed various questionnaires to gather information on sociodemographic variables and measure burnout, engagement, locus of control, expectations of success and perceptions of threat due to the economic crisis. RESULTS: Higher perception of economic crisis by the students is related to higher scores for burnout and lower scores for engagement. The scores for burnout were also positively predicted by external locus of control and negatively predicted by perception of self-efficacy. The age of participants is related to lower levels of burnout and higher levels of engagement. Finally, expectation of success also positively predicted the level of engagement. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the importance of the perceptions of the economic crisis on the development of burnout and engagement among nursing students.

Percepción de las mujeres víctimas de malos tratos sobre la asimetría de poder en la pareja y su relación con la violencia: estudio preliminar / Perception of battered women on power asymmetry in their couples and its relation to violence: a preliminary study

El objetivo principal de este estudio preliminar fue explorar si el modelo de Poder y Género de Pratto y Walker (2004) constituye un marco teórico adecuado para el análisis de la relación entre el poder diádico y la violencia hacia las mujeres en la pareja. Según este modelo, las diferencias de poder entre los géneros en las parejas se fundamentan en cuatro bases: el control de los recursos, la distribución de obligaciones sociales, la ideología sexista y la amenaza o uso de la fuerza. Se entrevistó a 64 mujeres que habían sido víctimas de violencia por parte de sus exparejas y se les preguntó por sus percepciones sobre el poder que ellas y sus parejas ejercían en tres de estas cuatro bases. Asimismo informaron de la frecuencia de los malos tratos psicológicos, físicos y sexuales que sufrieron en estas relaciones. Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres percibían menos poder que sus agresores en las tres bases, y que éstas se relacionaron entre sí, ocurriendo que quien disponía de más poder en una de ellas tenía más po-der en las otras. Además, el control de los recursos por parte de ellos y la distribución de las obligaciones sociales en la pareja predijeron la violencia psicológica padecida por las mujeres y la ideología sexista de él la violencia física. Finalmente, las mujeres valoraron de modo distinto las cuatro bases de poder como obstáculos a la hora de finalizar su relación. En conclusión, el modelo de Poder y Género merece seguir siendo investigado en el ámbito de la violencia de pareja (AU)

The main aim of this preliminary study was to explore if Power and Gender model by Pratto and Walker (2004) constitutes an adequate theoretical tool for the analysis of dyadic power and violence against women in couples. According to this model, power differences between genders are built upon four bases: resources control, social obligations, sexist ideology and threat or use of force. Sixty four battered women were interviewed and asked to express their perceptions about her and his partner’s power in three of these four bases. They also informed the frequency of psychological, physical and sexual episodes suffered in these relation-ships. Results showed that women perceived less power than their batterers in the three bases; these bases also correlated among them and those who had more power in one base was also more powerful in the others. Resources control by him and social obligations distribution in the couple significantly predicted psychological violence, but batterers’ sexist ideology predicted physical violence. Finally, women gave different importance to the four power bases as obstacles when considering leaving her abusive partner. In conclusion, Power and Gender model should be investigated more in the field of intimate partner violence against women (AU)