Oocyte Vitrification for Fertility Preservation in Women with Benign Gynecologic Disease: French Clinical Practice Guidelines Developed by a Modified Delphi Consensus Process.

International guidelines are published to provide standardized information and fertility preservation (FP) care for adults and children. The purpose of the study was to conduct a modified Delphi process for generating FP guidelines for BGD. A steering committee identified 42 potential FP practices for BGD. Then 114 key stakeholders were asked to participate in a modified Delphi process via two online survey rounds and a final meeting. Consensus was reached for 28 items. Among them, stakeholders rated age-specific information concerning the risk of diminished ovarian reserve after surgery as important but rejected proposals setting various upper and lower age limits for FP. All women should be informed about the benefit/risk balance of oocyte vitrification-in particular about the likelihood of live birth according to age. FP should not be offered in rASRM stages I and II endometriosis without endometriomas. These guidelines could be useful for gynecologists to identify situations at risk of infertility and to better inform women with BGDs who might need personalized counseling for FP.

Nuevos desafíos éticos, legales y sociales para el Convenio de Oviedo planteados por las tecnologías emergentes / No disponible

El autor se centra, sobre todo, en las aplicaciones de CRISPR-Cas9, esto es, una técnica que está revolucionando las posibilidades de la edición genética, que tiene profundas implicaciones bioéticas, y las tendrá todavía más en el futuro, sobre todo por la posibilidad, no muy lejana, de realizar modificaciones genéticas en la línea germinal, efectuadas en embriones humanos. Resulta de especial interés la llamada de atención que se realiza en el artículo a abordar estos problemas en el marco del Convenio de Oviedo, incluyendo los nuevos problemas que suscitan las tecnologías emergentes (como, entre otras, las nuevas posibilidades de edición genética)

The author focuses on the applications of CRISPR-Cas9, that is, a technique that is evolutionizing the possibilities of gene editing, which has profound bioethical implications, and will have them even more in the future, especially by the possibility, not very distant, of making genetic modifications in the germinal line, made in human embryos. Of particular interest is the call for attention that is made in the article to address these problems within the framework of the Oviedo Convention, including the new problems raised by emerging technologies (such as, among others, the new possibilities of gene editing

In vitro oocyte maturation: current status.

Due to its numerous clinical applications, in vitro maturation (IVM) has emerged as a significant topic in the field of assisted reproduction. IVM of germinal vesicle breakdown/metaphase I and germinal vesicle stage oocytes collected from in vitro fertilization (IVF) superovulation cycles are commonly applied with unsatisfactory results. The biological aspect of this so-called rescue in vitro oocyte maturation greatly differs from the actual IVM practice. In the latter, immature oocytes are obtained from small antral follicles of unprimed or minimally stimulated cycles aiming to avoid ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in high-risk patients or simply as an alternative to conventional IVF in normo-ovulatory patients. Over the past decade, cases reports regarding IVM have been sporadically reported, with ~25 peer-reviewed articles currently available. These studies present variable outcomes and deal with clinical approaches about selecting the most appropriate patient population that could benefit from IVM technology. Although some of the studies are encouraging, the vast majority includes small sample sizes, thus making the data rather inconclusive. As such there is a certain reserve in the IVF community to embark on treatment cycles for IVM in routine use. Laboratory parameters play an important role in the success of IVM, and research for optimal culture conditions is warranted. Existing data from newborns assure us that IVM may be a safe procedure provided in assisted reproductive technology. When optimized, it will serve, not only for infertile patients, but also as a more patient-friendly alternative than standard controlled ovarian stimulation to obtain oocytes for donation or preservation of fecundity.

Functional testicular evaluation using PET/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose.

PURPOSE: PET/CT using (18)F-FDG is a well-established diagnostic examination in oncology, cardiology and neurology. The clinical significance of nontumoral testicular uptake of FDG is unknown. Functional testicular imaging may have important clinical applications in the diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the andrological value of a FDG PET/CT in analysing testicular function, by correlating the PET/CT data with the sperm parameters. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of FDG PET/CT in 20 consecutive cancer patients without testicular pathology in whom two semen samples had been obtained for analysis before any chemotherapy. FDG PET/CT parameters were the mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), used for measuring the intensity of uptake, and the functional testicular volume (FV). For statistical analysis, a Spearman's rank correlation test and a Mann-Whitney test were used. RESULTS: Of 20 patients (mean age 22 years), 18 had provided two sperm samples for cryopreservation. Sperm concentration was above 20 × 10(6)/ml in 55% of the patients. The intensity of uptake and the FV were correlated with the total sperm count, the sperm concentration and motility (p < 0.05). The difference in SUVmean between the two testes showed an inverse correlation with sperm concentration (p = 0.036). Normospermic and oligospermic men had significant differences in: (1) mean SUVmean, (2) mean FV, and (3) the difference in intensity of uptake between the testes (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the andrological value of FDG PET/CT in analysing nontumoral testicular function. This pilot study showed a significant correlation between intensity of uptake of FDG and testicular FV with the main sperm parameters. PET/CT with FDG could become a useful new tool in assisted reproductive technologies and other andrological or urological applications.