Fabrication of multifunctional wool textile using the synthesis of silver-modified N-doped ZnO/TiO2 photocatalysts.

Photocatalysts and noble metals have attracted considerable attention for their potential in addressing global environmental pollution through photochemical processes. At low temperatures, multifunctional self-cleanable wool fabric was developed through green photo-sonosynthesis of N-Ag/TiO2/ZnO. A narrower bandgap of the hybrid photocatalyst, the surface plasmonic resonance effect of silver nanostructures, and nitrogen doping resulted in synergistically enhanced self-cleaning activity. The self-cleaning activity was evaluated by monitoring the discoloration of methylene blue stains on the wool fabric exposed to natural sunlight, using CIELAB color space and ΔE measurements. The ΔE value of the N-Ag/TiO2/ZnO-sonicated wool was superior, showing a value of 45.9 compared to 15.7 for the control and 28.7 for the sample coated by the stirrer. Furthermore, the nanocomposite construction improved tensile strength, enhanced fabric hydrophilicity, and reduced the yellowness index. Additionally, the synthesis of TiO2 and silver particles on ZnO particles increased surface resistance to acid, reducing ZnO acid solubility. The reflectance of the non-treated wool ranged from 5 to 20 % within 200-380 nm, while the reflectance of the Ag/TiO2/ZnO-sonicated sample remained constant at 4 %, exhibiting protection against UV rays. AATCC test revealed 100 % bacteria reduction against E. coli and S. aureus and 99 % against C. albicans fungus for N-Ag/TiO2/ZnO-sonicated sample. Moreover, cell culture assays demonstrated a viability of over 70 %, indicating non-cytotoxicity.

Telomerase and mitochondria inhibition promote apoptosis and TET2 and ANMT3a expression in triple negative breast cancer cell lines.

Introduction: High metastasis, resistance to common treatments, and high mortality rate, has made triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to be the most invasive type of breast cancer. High telomerase activity and mitochondrial biogenesis are involved in breast cancer tumorigenesis. The catalytic subunit of telomerase, telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), plays a role in telomere lengthening and extra-biological functions such as gene expression, mitochondria function, and apoptosis. In this study, it has been aimed to evaluate intrinsic-, extrinsic-apoptosis and DNMT3a and TET2 expression following the inhibition of telomerase and mitochondria respiration in TNBC cell lines. Methods: TNBC cells were treated with IC50 levels of BIBR1532, tigecycline, and also their combination. Then, telomere length, and DNMT3a, TET2, and hTERT expression were evaluated. Finally, apoptosis rate, apoptosis-related proteins, and genes were analyzed. Results: The present results showed that IC50 level of telomerase and inhibition of mitochondria respiration induced apoptosis but did not leave any significant effect on telomere length. The results also indicated that telomerase inhibition induced extrinsic-apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and caused intrinsic- apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 cells. Furthermore, it was found that the expression of p53 decreased and was ineffective in cell apoptosis. The expressions of DNMT3a and TET2 increased in cells. In addition, combination treatment was better than BIBR1532 and tigecycline alone. Conclusion: The inhibition of telomerase and mitochondria respiration caused intrinsic- and extrinsic- apoptosis and increased DNMT3a and TET2 expression and it could be utilized in breast cancer treatment.

Plasmonic photocatalytic nanocomposite of in-situ synthesized MnO2 nanoparticles on cellulosic fabric with structural color.

The textile industry produces 20 % of the industrial water pollution containing toxic substances mostly dyes. Reducing material consumption and developing more efficient and scalable textile waste-water treatment methods such as photocatalytic degradation is essential. In this work, manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) were synthesized on the cotton fabric via a facile in-situ process. The preparation process was optimized for the highest photocatalytic activity under sunlight and color change originating from the plasmonic structural color of the nanoparticles. This promotes the photocatalytic activity by delocalization of the hot electrons while demonstrating the best washing and light fastness by using the least chemicals, and energy in a short time. In this way, the fabric was colored without any dye and possessed robust photocatalytic activity. Further, no dye-containing waste-water is made, and also accomplished to degrade dyes in a few hours under sunlight which is substantial for sustainable development. The treated fabrics indicated favorable mechanical properties, enhanced thermal stability, and perfect biocompatibility.

Lipid Profile as a Predictive Marker for Organ Dysfunction after Thoracoabdominal Surgery: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Plasma total cholesterol is considered a negative acute phase reactant. In various pathological conditions, such as trauma, sepsis, burns, and liver dysfunction, as well as post-surgery, serum cholesterol level decreases. This study aimed to investigate the role of lipid profiles in determining the probability of organ dysfunction after surgery. Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients who underwent thoracoabdominal surgery and were admitted to the intensive care unit of Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz, Iran, between October 2016 and September 2018. During the first two days of admission, blood samples were taken, and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and albumin were measured. The relation between the changes in these laboratory markers and six organ functions including cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, central nervous system, hepatic, and hematologic, length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation duration, and vasopressor use were investigated. The independent t test was used to compare continuous variables. The association between different variables and organ dysfunction and mortality was evaluated by using logistic regression. Results: The serum TC increased the risk of mortality (OR=1.09, 95%CI=1.06-1.11, P<0.001), renal dysfunction (OR=1.09, 95%CI=1.06-1.12; P<0.001), liver dysfunction (OR=1.07, 95%CI=1.03-1.10; P<0.001), respiratory dysfunction (OR=1.08, 95%CI=1.05-1.13; P<0.001). Moreover, LDL, HDL, and TG were found to be inversely related to mortality, organ dysfunction, length of stay in the hospital and intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation duration, and vasopressor use. Conclusion: TC could be considered a risk factor for mortality, organ dysfunction, and clinical outcomes. On the other hand, LDL, HDL, and TG played a protective role in the patients' mortality, organ dysfunction, and clinical outcomes.

Novel photo and bio-active greyish-black cotton fabric through air- and nitrogen- carbonized zinc-based MOF for developing durable functional textiles.

This study explores the potential of using the carbonization of Zn-based metal-organic frameworks (Zn-MOF-5) under N2 and air to modify zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle for the production of various photo and bio-active greyish-black cotton fabrics. The MOF-derived ZnO under N2 demonstrated a significantly higher specific surface area (259 m2g-1) compared to ZnO (12 m2g-1) and MOF-derived ZnO under air (41.6 m2 g-1). The products were characterized using various techniques, including FTIR, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, TEM, HRTEM, TGA, DLS, and EDS. The tensile strength and dye degradation properties of the treated fabrics were also investigated. The results indicate that the high dye degradation capability of MOF-derived ZnO under N2 is likely due to the lower ZnO band gap energy and improvement in electron-hole pair stability. Additionally, the antibacterial activities of the treated fabrics against Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. The cytotoxicity of the fabrics was studied on human fibroblast cell lines using an MTT assay. The study findings demonstrate that the cotton fabric covered with carbonized Zn-MOF under N2 is human-cell compatible while showing high antibacterial activities and stability against washing, highlighting its potential for use in developing functional textiles with enhanced properties.

Improved cotton fabrics properties using zinc oxide-based nanomaterials: A review.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have gained significant attention in the textile industry for their ability to enhance the physicochemical properties of fabrics. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on the development of ZnO-based nanomaterials and their applications for cotton and other fabrics. This review paper provides an overview of the synthesis and diverse applications of ZnO-based nanomaterials for textile fabrics, including protection against UV irradiation, bacteria, fungi, microwave, electromagnetic radiation, water, and fire. Furthermore, the study offers the potential of these materials in energy harvesting applications, such as wearable pressure sensors, piezoelectric nanogenerators, supercapacitors, and human energy harvesting. Additionally, we discuss the potential of ZnO-based nanomaterials for environmental cleaning, including water, oil, and solid cleaning. The current research in this area has focused on various materials used to prepare ZnO-based nanocomposites, such as metals/nonmetals, semiconductors, metal oxides, carbon materials, polymers, MXene, metal-organic frameworks, and layered double hydroxides. The findings of this review highlight the potential of ZnO-based nanomaterials to improve the performance of textile fabrics in a range of applications, and the importance of continued research in this field to further advance the development and use of ZnO-based nanomaterials in the textile industry.

Postesophagectomy chylothorax: a review of the risk factors, diagnosis, and management.

Chylothorax is a crucial postoperative complication of esophagectomy. Characterized by the leakage of chyle and lymphatic fluid through the thoracic duct, chylothorax could result in pleural effusion, respiratory distress, shortness of breath, cardiac arrhythmia, electrolyte imbalance, and malnutrition. Postesophagectomy chylothorax is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and its diagnosis and management require prompt and accurate identification of risk factors and treatment strategies. A variety of strategies are available to treat postesophagectomy chylothorax, ranging from conservative management to pharmacological, lymphangiographic, and surgical treatments. This study reviews the physio-anatomical basis, disease presentation, diagnostic methods, risk factors, and management options for postesophageal chylothorax, filling the literature gap, and highlighting the importance of early recognition and timely intervention in improving patient outcomes.

Cellulose cross-linking with folic acid at room via diverse-based coupling reagents attaining multifunctional features.

Here, cellulose was cross-linked with folic acid (FA) using tetrafluoroborate (TBTU) and carbodiimide (DIC) as coupling reagents through the pad method at room temperature. The interactions between FA and cellulose were proposed and determined with FTIR, and UV-visible also confirmed with nitrogen content. The newly formed ester peak showed the grafting of FA to the cellulose through esterification followed by cellulose cross-linking. The surface morphology of treated fabrics indicated no significant changes and also remained similar after 5 washing cycles. This had no negative impacts on the various physical and mechanical fabric features. The fabric color was changed with reasonable fastness to laundering and light. More FA showed higher N content indicating more bacterial killing for Pseudomonas aeroginosa (Psa) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA). The reasonable viability of L929 and MCF-7 cells showed for treated fabric with FA below 5 %.

Microbial cellulosic pad encompassing alpha-arbutin in Tragacanth gum as the controlled delivery system.

This research focuses on preparing a natural-based drug delivery system for α-arbutin (AR) as a skin lightening. Bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BC) pad was used for controlled-AR release through two approaches. First was the dip-drying method (P-BC), in which AR cross-linked to BC pads using citric acid (CA). The second was simultaneously entrapping of AR in Tragacanth gum (AR-TG) and stabilized on BC (BC-T) through the ultrasonic-assisted microemulsion method. UV-Vis spectra revealed better control of AR release in BC-T in the first hour. High cell viability (above 70 %) of the pads containing 1-3 % AR was reported using MTT assay. The in-vitro permeation study indicated the proper AR penetration in the treated pads. The Fickian diffusion model was determined as a fitted model for all pads in the drug release kinetics. FTIR, XRD, and TGA analyses further characterized the pads. FESEM images verified AR-TG and BC structures with average diameters of 410.7 ± 25.4 and 34.5 ± 7.51 nm, respectively. The hydrophilicity and mechanical properties of the pads were also investigated. Finally, the high biocompatibility, initial controlled release, and proper permeation suggested BC-T as a more promising delivery platform for AR.

Long noncoding RNA SNHG7-miRNA-mRNA axes crosstalk with oncogenic signaling pathways in human cancers.

LncRNAs and miRNAs are the two most important non-coding RNAs, which have been identified to be associated with cancer progression or prevention. The dysregulation of lncRNAs conducts tumorigenesis and metastasis in different ways. One of the mechanisms is that lncRNAs interact with miRNAs to regulate distinct cellular and genomic processes and cancer progression. LncRNA SNHG7 as an oncogene sponges miRNAs and develops lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes, leading to the regulation of several signaling pathways such as Wnt/ß-Catenin, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SIRT1, and Snail-EMT. Therefore, in this article, after a brief overview of lncRNA SNHG7-miRNA-mRNA axes' contribution to cancer development, we will discuss the role of lncRNA SNHG7 in the genes expression and signaling pathways related to cancers development via acting as a ceRNA.

UV protection properties of workwear fabrics coated with TiO2 nanoparticles.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the ultraviolet protective factor (UPF) of fabrics coated with TiO2 nanoparticles made using an in-situ synthesis method and more accurately assess the intrinsic properties of the textile. The cotton-polyester twill fabric (70-30%) (246.67 g/m2) was coated in-situ with TiO2 nanoparticles. In-situ coating is conducted in 4 steps; washing the fabrics, preparation of nanoparticles, injecting the nanoparticles into fabrics, and drying the fabric after coating. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR spectrometer, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to analyse the data of the coating and UPF results. Also, four standards such as ASTM D737, ISIRI 8332, ISIRI 4199, and ISIRI 567 were used for analyzing the intrinsic properties of a textile. The results of SEM, XRD and DLS altogether confirmed the in-situ formation of nanoparticles onto textile fibers. Moreover, the UPF value of the uncoated and coated fabrics was 3.67 and 55.82, respectively. It was shown that the in-situ deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles on fabric can provide adequate protection against UVR. Also, the results of analyzing the intrinsic properties of the textile showed that there were no significant differences in the intrinsic properties between the coated and uncoated fabrics. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the UV protective properties of workwear fabrics can be improved by coating TiO2 nanoparticles on them without any effect on the cooling effect of perspiration evaporation.

Amino-functionalized cross-linked cellulosic fabric with antibacterial, UV protection, and coloring effects using folic acid.

The amino-functionalized cellulose with folic acid, via an esterification reaction between carboxylic acid of folic acid and hydroxyl groups of cellulose, can develop multifunctional products with new chemical and physical properties. Folic acid contains two carboxylic groups as well as an amine group that can be used as a coupling agent and provide suitable conditions for coupling hydroxyl-based compounds to cellulose. Also; the multi-functionalized cellulose with folic acid has no effects on the physical and mechanical properties and also has benefits such as antibacterial, UV protection, and wrinkle resistance. The FTIR-ATR and Raman analysis confirmed the amino functionalized-cellulosic fabric via an esterification reaction between cellulose and folic acid. The cell viability of L929 fibroblast (NCBI C161) and MCF-7 (NCBI C135) cancer cells indicated more effectiveness on MCF-7 cancer cells. Therefore; folic acid can be used as a biocompatible natural cross-linker to modify cellulose fabrics for apparel and medical applications.

Effect of aberrant DNA methylation on cancer stem cell properties.

DNA methylation, as an epigenetic mechanism, occurs by adding a methyl group of cytosines in position 5 by DNA methyltransferases and has essential roles in cellular function, especially in the transcriptional regulation of embryonic and adult stem cells. Hypomethylation and hypermethylation cause either the expression or inhibition of genes, and there is a tight balance between regulating the activation or repression of genes in normal cellular activity. Abnormal methylation is well-known hallmark of cancer development and progression and can switch normal stem cells into cancer stem cells. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are minor populations of tumor cells that exhibit unique properties such as self-regeneration, resistance to chemotherapy, and high ability of metastasis. The purpose of this paper is to show how aberrant DNA methylation accumulation affects self-renewal, differentiation, multidrug-resistant, and metastasis processes in cancer stem cells.

Functionalization of cellulose fibers alongside growth of 2D LDH platelets through urea hydrolysis inspired Taro wettability.

Here, Cotton fabric was functionalized via hybrid coating including 2D MgAl LDH (layered double hydroxide) and SA (stearic acid). The urea hydrolysis was employed for construction of vertically aligned LDH on surface of cellulose fibers under hydrothermal condition. The in situ formation mechanism of LDH on cotton surface was nucleation, growth, and interaction with activated cellulose chains. The partial cellulose ionization in the alkaline solution led to nucleophilic behavior towards electron deficient atom. The effect of different ageing, synthesis temperature, and amount of SA were investigated and optimized at 100 °C for 24 h with 0.05 M. The superhydrophobic surface architecture of treated cotton with hierarchical micro/nanostructure was inspired from the Taro leaf structure with continuous contact line presented WCA of 154 ° and CAH of 9 °. The Cotton@LDH@SA exhibited efficient oil/water separation after several washes (>90%) with good stain resistant. Also, the physico-mechanical properties were studied.

Bio and photoactive starch/MnO2 and starch/MnO2/cotton hydrogel nanocomposite.

Here a starch and starch hydrogel nanocomposite and superabsorbent cotton fabric was fabricated and characterized. The optimized starch hydrogel nanocomposite was synthesized by using 0.008 M potassium permanganate, 0.7 g starch and 0.6 M sodium hydroxide at 50-55 °C. potassium permanganate as a strong and inexpensive oxidizing agent were used to potentially nano cross-link the starch molecular chains and graft the starch to cellulose molecular chains along with synthesizing manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2) to further obtain antibacterial, antifungal and photocatalytic properties. The stability of products in water and the water absorption indicated the highest water content of 800% for the optimum sample. The same materials and conditions were also applied to the cotton fabric to produce a superabsorbent fabric. The simple one-step synthesis procedure, in-situ production of nanoparticles, cost-effectiveness and having desired features including photocatalytic, antibacterial properties of 93% against S. aureus, and biocompatibility make the starch hydrogel nanocomposite a suitable candidate for various applications such as agriculture, medical, textile engineering and water treatment.

The role of DNA damage response in chemo- and radio-resistance of cancer cells: Can DDR inhibitors sole the problem?

Up to now, many improvements have been made in providing more therapeutic strategies for cancer patients. The lack of susceptibility to common therapies like chemo- and radio-therapy is one of the reasons why we need more methods in the field of cancer therapy. DNA damage response (DDR) is a set of mechanisms which identifies DNA lesions and triggers the repair process for restoring DNA after causing an arrest in the cell cycle. The ability of DDR in maintaining the genome stability and integrity can be favorable to cancerous cells which are exposed to radiation therapy or are treated with chemotherapeutic agents. When DDR mechanisms are error-free in cancer cells, they can escape the expected cellular death and display resistance to treatment. In this regard, targeting different components of DDR can help to increase the susceptibility of advanced tumors to chemo- and radio-therapy.

Low starch/corn silk/ZnO as environmentally friendly nanocomposites assembling on PET fabrics.

Starch is a benign bio-polymeric material with a diversity of desirable functionalities namely biocompatibility and hydrophilicity features. Besides, corn silk with cellulose-protein structure can be used as an available and clean compound for medical applications. Hence, the advantages of both mentioned biocompatible compounds with potentiality to form hydrogel are considered via their combination. Up to now, there is no report on dealing with starch beside corn silk on polyester fabric in the literatures. Herein, low starch/corn silk dual hydrogel was incorporated into nano ZnO functionalized polyester fabric via a one-step simple method. Imparting flame retardant feature with no dripping, antibacterial/antifungal and self-cleaning activities with the enhanced mechanical characteristics are the advantages of the stated approach in this paper. Presence of dual hydrogel on nano ZnO treated polyester fabric helps to significantly improve the cell viability to 129% because of hydrogel feature. Finally, this paper renders a feasible and clean approach for textile functionalization with respect to the both human health issues and environmental observations.

Biologically active PET/polysaccharide-based nanofibers post-treated with selenium/Tragacanth Gum nanobiocomposites.

Polysaccharide-based nanofibers from Tragacanth Gum (TG) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were post-treated with selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) and also stabilized with TG (SeNPs/TG). DLS, FE-SEM, EDX, TEM, and XRD were employed to verify the synthesis of Se NPs. The relatively narrow size distribution of SeNPs/TG showed through TEM and DLS investigations comparing with Se NPs. The Se NPs formation with and without TG was studied with FTIR confirmed the final stabilized solution due to the bonded hydroxyl groups of TG with Se NPs. Also, a relatively higher antioxidant reported on SeNPs/TG at 0.5-5 mg/mL using DPPH scavenging ability. The Se NPs and SeNPs/TG solutions specified remarkable inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans; however, no significant antibacterial activities observed on the treated nanofibers. Finally, the uniform migration of fibroblast cells in wound healing of the treated nanofibers with SeNPs/TG proved the value of the products in medical applications.