[Comprehensive models of treatment in individuals with autism spectrum disorders]. / Modelos de intervencion global en personas con trastorno del espectro autista.

INTRODUCTION. The steady increase in the number of children with autism spectrum disorders, has led to a better social awareness but also to a higher demand for specific interventions. This has questioned what the most appropriate and effective procedures for detection, diagnosis and treatment are. AIM. To review different approaches and classifications of interventions with individuals with autism spectrum disorders based on scientific evidence. DEVELOPMENT. According to the latest revisions, there are three types of classifications to categorize evidence-based interventions: practice-based intervention, comprehensive models of treatment and drug treatments. There are difficulties in comparing results of different methods of intervention, however, some common elements to prove their effectiveness have been identified. CONCLUSIONS. All intervention models should include functional communication skills, meaningful learning, carried out in various contexts, addressing challenging behaviors through positive behavioral support, promoting activities with peers and emphasize the role of parents in the planning and implementation of the objectives.

Modelos de intervención global en personas con trastorno del espectro autista / Comprehensive models of treatment in individuals with autism spectrum disorders

Introducción. El progresivo aumento del número de niños con trastornos del espectro autista ha propiciado un aumento de la conciencia social y la demanda de servicios de atención específica. Este hecho ha planteado cuáles son los procedimientos de detección, diagnóstico y tratamiento más apropiados y eficaces. Objetivo. Revisar la información bibliográfica más significativa y reciente acerca de las diferentes aproximaciones y clasificaciones de las intervenciones de personas con trastornos del espectro autista, para ofrecer una descripción más actualizada y acorde con el criterio de práctica basada en la evidencia, comentando, a su vez, las dificultades que implica compararlas e integrarlas en una clasificación debido a la gran heterogeneidad de intervenciones. Desarrollo. Según las revisiones más recientes, existen tres tipos de clasificaciones para categorizar las intervenciones basadas en la evidencia: las prácticas basadas en la intervención, los modelos globales de tratamiento y el tratamiento farmacológico. Existen dificultades para comparar los resultados de los distintos métodos de intervención; sin embargo, se han identificado unos elementos comunes para demostrar su eficacia. Conclusiones. Todos los modelos de intervención deben integrar habilidades de comunicación funcional, aprendizajes significativos, llevarse a cabo en diversos contextos, abordar las conductas problemáticas mediante el apoyo conductual positivo, potenciar actividades con iguales, y enfatizar el papel de la familia en la planificación e implementación de los objetivos de los programas (AU)

Introduction. The steady increase in the number of children with autism spectrum disorders, has led to a better social awareness but also to a higher demand for specific interventions. This has questioned what the most appropriate and effective procedures for detection, diagnosis and treatment are. Aim. To review different approaches and classifications of interventions with individuals with autism spectrum disorders based on scientific evidence. Development. According to the latest revisions, there are three types of classifications to categorize evidence-based interventions: practice-based intervention, comprehensive models of treatment and drug treatments. There are difficulties in comparing results of different methods of intervention, however, some common elements to prove their effectiveness have been identified. Conclusions. All intervention models should include functional communication skills, meaningful learning, carried out in various contexts, addressing challenging behaviors through positive behavioral support, promoting activities with peers and emphasize the role of parents in the planning and implementation of the objectives (AU)