Uso de labetalol frente a nifedipino en la preeclampsia / Use of labetalol vs nifedipine in preeclampsia

Fundamento: La preeclampsia es un estado de vasoconstricción generalizado asociado a la disfunción del epitelio vascular en vez de vasodilatación propia del embarazo, caracterizada por la hipertensión proteinuria a partir de la semana 20, acompañada a veces de edemas; asimismo constituye un peligro de salud para la madre y el feto. El tratamiento clínico tradicional utiliza fármacos antihipertensivos por vía oral, entre los que se mencionan el labetalol y nifedipino de liberación prolongada. Objetivo: Analizar la efectividad del labetalol y del nifedipino como tratamiento antihipertensivo relacionado con preeclampsia. Metodología: Se recurrió a fuentes de consulta encontradas en Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciELO, Pubmed, Medes y Elsevier. De 211 fuentes se seleccionaron 31 de acuerdo con criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Conclusiones: Por consenso se ha determinado que en la mayor parte de fuentes de consulta el nifedipino por vía oral es más efectivo que el labetalol en el tratamiento de la preeclampsia.

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a generalized vasoconstriction state associated with vascular epithelial dysfunction rather than the vasodilation characteristic of pregnancy, characterized by proteinuric hypertension from the 20th week of pregnancy, sometimes associated with edema; it also causes health risks to the mother and fetus. Traditional clinical treatment uses oral antihypertensive drugs, among these labetalol and extended-release nifedipine are included. Objective: To analyze the efficacy of labetalol and nifedipine as an antihypertensive treatment in pre-eclampsia. Methodology: Reference sources found in Google Scholar, Science Direct, SciELO, Pubmed, Medes and Elsevier were used. Out of 211 sources, 31 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusions: It has been determined by majority consensus that oral nifedipine is more effective than labetalol in pre-eclampsia treatment.

Relación de riesgo entre dislipidemia y COVID-19 / Risk relationship between dyslipemia and COVID-19

La presencia de dislipidemia en pacientes con la COVID-19 parece agravar el curso clínico de la enfermedad. En esta revisión bibliográfica se describen los principales mecanismos que las vinculan y sus implicaciones en el tratamiento de los pacientes afectados. Para realizar este trabajo se efectuó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos, tales como Google académico, SciELO, Annual Reviews y PMC. Los descriptores analizados fueron COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, dislipidemia, LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol, triglicéridos, hipercolesterolemia y lipoproteínas VLDL. Se revisaron preferentemente artículos de revistas arbitradas por pares y disponibles a texto completo, publicados en inglés y español. A pesar de las controversias, la dislipidemia es un factor de riesgo de pronóstico desfavorable en afectados con la COVID-19 y el tratamiento para los pacientes con esa condición desfavorable mejora dicho pronóstico.

The presence of dyslipemia in patients with COVID-19 seems to increase the clinical course of the disease. In this literature review the main mechanisms that link them and their implications in the treatment of the affected patients are described. To carry out this work a literature search was made in databases, such as academic Google, SciELO, Annual Reviews and PMC. The analyzed describers were COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, dyslipemia, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, hypercholesterolemia and VLDL lipoproteins. Articles of magazines arbitrated by pairs and available to complete text, published in English and Spanish were preferably revised. In spite of the controversies, dyslipemia is a risk factor of unfavorable prognosis in patients affected with COVID-19 and the treatment for the patients with that unfavourable condition improve this prognosis.

[Socio-demographic determinants of violence in older people in Ecuador]. / Determinantes sociodemográficos de violencia en adultos mayores ecuatorianos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Older adults are at increased risk of violence. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to identify associated risk factors. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between violence and various socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnic group, level of education, and place of residence) in older adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included participants from the SABE-Ecuador study, who were selected through probabilistic sampling and came from all over the national territory. Data were analysed with R using ordinal logistic regression models. RESULTS: Sample included 4321 older adults, women (52%) and men (48%), with a mean age of 72 years (SD 8). Having suffered violence was reported in 21.3% (n = 922) of older adults. It was observed that the odds of suffering violence was lower in men than in women (OR = 0.753, p< .001), decreased as age increased (OR = 0.989, p = .012) and decreased as level of education increased (primary vs. no education OR = 0.866, p = .001; secondary vs. no education OR = 0.622, p = .003; higher vs. no education OR = 0.323, p< .001). CONCLUSIONS: Being a woman and having a low level of education is associated with an increased risk of violence in older adults. Reducing gender gap and improving access to education for older adults could reduce their risk of violence.

Linfoma no Hodgkin. Presentación de una tumoración testicular / Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Presentation of a testicular tumor

RESUMEN Se presenta un paciente de sexo masculino de 64 años, residente en la parroquia Lizarzaburu, Cantón Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo, Ecuador, estudiado en el año 2014, con el objetivo de mostrar las particularidades del linfoma no Hodgkin, de localización testicular; detectado clínicamente como un aumento de volumen difuso e imagenológicamente como tumoración testicular, confirmado histopatológicamente. En esta localización, su forma de presentación puede asociarse a dificultades en su diagnóstico, incluso durante la interpretación de las láminas histológicas, como se evidencia en esta publicación. Por su poca frecuencia de presentación y como causa de este el linfoma no Hodgkin en particular, existe una escasa documentación bibliográfica sobre este tema. Se recogieron los datos de la historia clínica individual, familiar y hospitalaria, así como los resultados de exámenes realizados.

ABSTRACT We present a 64 year-old male patient, from Lizarzaburu parish, Cantón Riobamba, Chimborazo province, Ecuador. He was studied in 2014, for showing peculiarities of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of testicular location; clinically detected as diffuse and imaging volume increase, as a histopathologically confirmed testicular tumor. As evidence in this publication, tumor appearance in this location can be associated with difficulties in its diagnosis, even during the interpretation of the histological slides. Due to the low testicular cancer frequency of appearance, and specially this kind of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, literature on this subject is scarce. Individual data, family and hospital clinical history were collected as well as tests results.