One Vax Two Lives: a social media campaign and research program to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in pregnancy.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected pregnant people by increasing health risks of maternal morbidity and mortality, stillbirth, and preterm birth. Although numerous studies have supported the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy in preventing or mitigating the risk for these adverse outcomes, many pregnant people remain hesitant. Approximately half of US adults regularly consume news from social media platforms, which are a fertile ground for the spread of vaccine disinformation. The lack of information regarding COVID-19 vaccine safety early in the pandemic fueled vaccine myths targeting the fears of pregnant people about vaccination risks. Saddened by the spike in maternal deaths of unvaccinated individuals during the COVID-19 Delta variant surge in the fall of 2021, we created a social media campaign to promote scientific communication regarding the risks of COVID-19 disease in pregnancy and the benefits of vaccination. We called the campaign "One Vax Two Lives," which refers to the ability of 1 maternal vaccine to benefit the health and lives of both the pregnant individual and their fetus. We present a blueprint of how we leveraged a large, interdisciplinary student workforce to create a social media campaign and research program studying vaccine hesitancy, which can be replicated by other groups. Community engagement and partnerships with key stakeholders, such as the Washington State Department of Health, were essential for amplifying the campaign and providing our team with feedback on content and approach. We present the analytics of our social media advertisements, web articles, and video content that helped inform the iterative design process of the multimedia content. Moving forward, we are launching collaborative research programs to study vaccine hesitancy and inform the development of new social media content designed for pregnant individuals who are: (1) Spanish-speaking Hispanic/Latina/x, (2) Black or Afro-Latinx, and (3) residents of rural communities in the State of Washington. Data from these mixed methods studies will inform new communication campaigns to reach vaccine-hesitant individuals. Finally, we discuss lessons learned and how the most impactful elements of the campaign can be translated to related areas of maternal public health.

Cold snare polypectomy without submucosal injection: safety and efficacy in 615 large serrated lesions.

Background and study aim Cold resection is becoming the standard of care for the resection of nonpedunculated colon lesions up to 10 mm in diameter. Sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps), including those ≥ 10 mm, present various characteristics that make them ideal candidates for cold snare polypectomy (CSP). Patients and methods A prospectively maintained database was searched retrospectively for consecutive patients with lesions ≥ 10 mm resected between March 2013 and March 2018. During that period, all SSA/P-appearing lesions were resected using CSP without submucosal injection, except for lesions with endoscopic suspicion of dysplasia or submucosal invasion. Patients with a pathological diagnosis of SSA/P were included in the analysis. Adverse events were recorded up to 21 days following colonoscopy. Results 615 SSA/Ps ≥ 10 mm were resected during 452 colonoscopy procedures in 379 patients (mean age 54.1 years; standard deviation [SD] 11.9 years). Mean polyp size was 13.7 (SD 5.2) mm; 122 lesions (19.8 %) were ≥ 20 mm and 479 lesions (77.9 %) underwent piecemeal resection. Immediate adverse events included persistent abdominal pain that resolved spontaneously within 2 hours in three patients (0.8 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.2 %-2.3 %). One patient with persistent intraprocedural bleeding was successfully treated with a hemostatic clip. No late adverse events were detected. Surveillance colonoscopy was performed in 293 patients (77.3 %) at 23.4 (SD 11.6) months following index colonoscopy; residual/recurrent lesions were diagnosed in 23 patients (7.8 %; 95 %CI 5.0 %-11.6 %). Conclusion CSP without submucosal injection appeared to be safe and effective for the resection of large SSA/Ps.

[Safety and efficacy of cold snare resection of non-polypoid colorectal lesions (0-IIa and 0-IIb)]. / Seguridad de la resección con asa fría de lesiones colorrectales no polipoideas (0-IIa y 0-IIb) de hasta 20 mm.

BACKGROUND: Cold polypectomy is a widely used technique for removing small polyps. Little evidence is available regarding its use for removing non-polypoid colorectal lesions (NPCRL). OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to assess the safety of cold snare resection of NPCRL up to 20 mm. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study carried out from January 2009 to January 2012. Consecutive patients scheduled for colonoscopy who had at least one NPCRL were recruited. Patients undergoing antiaggregation or anticoagulation treatment were excluded. NPCRL of up to 20 mm were removed by means of a cold snare, with or without piecemeal technique. To evaluate the safety of the procedure, the measured outcomes were bleeding and perforation rates. Statistical measures as percentages with their respective confidence intervals of 95% were estimated and the level of significance was set at alpha = 0.03. The calculated interval was unilateral, because the experimental rate was 0%, and was built based on the binomial distribution. Statistix (SX9.0) was used. RESULTS: A total of 171 NPCRL were removed from 124 patients. The mean size of the lesions was 9.22 +/- 4.7 mm (range: 4 to 20 mm). The mean age of patients was 55 +/- 11 years (range: 25 to 81 years) and 56% of them were women. No immediate or delayed complications were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Cold snare resection could be used to remove LNPCR (0-IIa and 0-IIb) measuring up to 20 mm, without immediate or delayed complications.

Seguridad de la resección con asa fría de lesiones colorrectales no polipoideas (0-IIa y 0-IIb) de hasta 20 mm. / [Safety and efficacy of cold snare resection of non-polypoid colorectal lesions (0-IIa and 0-IIb)].

BACKGROUND: Cold polypectomy is a widely used technique for removing small polyps. Little evidence is available regarding its use for removing non-polypoid colorectal lesions (NPCRL). OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to assess the safety of cold snare resection of NPCRL up to 20 mm. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study carried out from January 2009 to January 2012. Consecutive patients scheduled for colonoscopy who had at least one NPCRL were recruited. Patients undergoing antiaggregation or anticoagulation treatment were excluded. NPCRL of up to 20 mm were removed by means of a cold snare, with or without piecemeal technique. To evaluate the safety of the procedure, the measured outcomes were bleeding and perforation rates. Statistical measures as percentages with their respective confidence intervals of 95

were estimated and the level of significance was set at alpha = 0.03. The calculated interval was unilateral, because the experimental rate was 0

, and was built based on the binomial distribution. Statistix (SX9.0) was used. RESULTS: A total of 171 NPCRL were removed from 124 patients. The mean size of the lesions was 9.22 +/- 4.7 mm (range: 4 to 20 mm). The mean age of patients was 55 +/- 11 years (range: 25 to 81 years) and 56

of them were women. No immediate or delayed complications were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Cold snare resection could be used to remove LNPCR (0-IIa and 0-IIb) measuring up to 20 mm, without immediate or delayed complications.

Seguridad de la resección con asa fría de lesiones colorrectales no polipoideas (0-IIa y 0-IIb) de hasta 20 mm / [Safety and efficacy of cold snare resection of non-polypoid colorectal lesions (0-IIa and 0-IIb)].

BACKGROUND: Cold polypectomy is a widely used technique for removing small polyps. Little evidence is available regarding its use for removing non-polypoid colorectal lesions (NPCRL). OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to assess the safety of cold snare resection of NPCRL up to 20 mm. METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study carried out from January 2009 to January 2012. Consecutive patients scheduled for colonoscopy who had at least one NPCRL were recruited. Patients undergoing antiaggregation or anticoagulation treatment were excluded. NPCRL of up to 20 mm were removed by means of a cold snare, with or without piecemeal technique. To evaluate the safety of the procedure, the measured outcomes were bleeding and perforation rates. Statistical measures as percentages with their respective confidence intervals of 95

were estimated and the level of significance was set at alpha = 0.03. The calculated interval was unilateral, because the experimental rate was 0

, and was built based on the binomial distribution. Statistix (SX9.0) was used. RESULTS: A total of 171 NPCRL were removed from 124 patients. The mean size of the lesions was 9.22 +/- 4.7 mm (range: 4 to 20 mm). The mean age of patients was 55 +/- 11 years (range: 25 to 81 years) and 56

of them were women. No immediate or delayed complications were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Cold snare resection could be used to remove LNPCR (0-IIa and 0-IIb) measuring up to 20 mm, without immediate or delayed complications.

[Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis: an atypical presentation]. / Histoplasmosis gastrointestinal: una presentación atipica.

Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. It is an endemic disease in the American continent. It is spread hematogenously and any organ can be affected. It is more frequent in immunodeficient patients and the most common opportunist mycosis associated with HIV Exclusive gastrointestinal involvement is rare and invariably mortal without treatment. It is considered to be impossible to diagnose the disease based on the macroscopic aspect of lesions. We report a 43-year-old male in apparent good health status who was admitted with intermittent proctorrhagia of one year of evolution associated to burning proctalgia, without any further symptoms. A videocolonoscopy (VCC) with proctologic exam was conducted The patient was warned about the potential orificial origin of the bleeding and the importance of screening for colorectal neoplasia. The proctologic exam revealed internal congestive hemorrhoids. VCC showed during the routine exploration of the terminal ileon lesions both in that level and rectum, although of a different morphology. The colon had normal endoscopic appearance. Biopsies of both lesions identified Histoplasma. Later studies diagnosed HIV/AIDS and the patient was referred to the infectology department to complete diagnostic tests and begin treatment of both diseases. In conclusion, we present an atypical case of this mycosis because of its exclusive gastrointestinal allocation, in anasymptomatic patient, in apparent good health, with unknown HIV/AIDS, who was admitted because of a proctorrhagia of orificial origin. Endoscopic biopsies of lesions of different morphologies, located in the terminal ileon and rectum, allowed the diagnosis of this disease, that had no clinical expression. This casual endoscopic diagnosis enabled to change the life expectancy of the patient. We consider that the described endoscopic lesions in rectum are of a particular morphology and can rarely be found in other pathologies. The diffusion of these images could warn other endoscopists of these phenomena.

Histoplasmosis gastrointestinal: una presentación atipica. / [Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis: an atypical presentation].

Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. It is an endemic disease in the American continent. It is spread hematogenously and any organ can be affected. It is more frequent in immunodeficient patients and the most common opportunist mycosis associated with HIV Exclusive gastrointestinal involvement is rare and invariably mortal without treatment. It is considered to be impossible to diagnose the disease based on the macroscopic aspect of lesions. We report a 43-year-old male in apparent good health status who was admitted with intermittent proctorrhagia of one year of evolution associated to burning proctalgia, without any further symptoms. A videocolonoscopy (VCC) with proctologic exam was conducted The patient was warned about the potential orificial origin of the bleeding and the importance of screening for colorectal neoplasia. The proctologic exam revealed internal congestive hemorrhoids. VCC showed during the routine exploration of the terminal ileon lesions both in that level and rectum, although of a different morphology. The colon had normal endoscopic appearance. Biopsies of both lesions identified Histoplasma. Later studies diagnosed HIV/AIDS and the patient was referred to the infectology department to complete diagnostic tests and begin treatment of both diseases. In conclusion, we present an atypical case of this mycosis because of its exclusive gastrointestinal allocation, in anasymptomatic patient, in apparent good health, with unknown HIV/AIDS, who was admitted because of a proctorrhagia of orificial origin. Endoscopic biopsies of lesions of different morphologies, located in the terminal ileon and rectum, allowed the diagnosis of this disease, that had no clinical expression. This casual endoscopic diagnosis enabled to change the life expectancy of the patient. We consider that the described endoscopic lesions in rectum are of a particular morphology and can rarely be found in other pathologies. The diffusion of these images could warn other endoscopists of these phenomena.

Histoplasmosis gastrointestinal: una presentación atipica / [Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis: an atypical presentation].

Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. It is an endemic disease in the American continent. It is spread hematogenously and any organ can be affected. It is more frequent in immunodeficient patients and the most common opportunist mycosis associated with HIV Exclusive gastrointestinal involvement is rare and invariably mortal without treatment. It is considered to be impossible to diagnose the disease based on the macroscopic aspect of lesions. We report a 43-year-old male in apparent good health status who was admitted with intermittent proctorrhagia of one year of evolution associated to burning proctalgia, without any further symptoms. A videocolonoscopy (VCC) with proctologic exam was conducted The patient was warned about the potential orificial origin of the bleeding and the importance of screening for colorectal neoplasia. The proctologic exam revealed internal congestive hemorrhoids. VCC showed during the routine exploration of the terminal ileon lesions both in that level and rectum, although of a different morphology. The colon had normal endoscopic appearance. Biopsies of both lesions identified Histoplasma. Later studies diagnosed HIV/AIDS and the patient was referred to the infectology department to complete diagnostic tests and begin treatment of both diseases. In conclusion, we present an atypical case of this mycosis because of its exclusive gastrointestinal allocation, in anasymptomatic patient, in apparent good health, with unknown HIV/AIDS, who was admitted because of a proctorrhagia of orificial origin. Endoscopic biopsies of lesions of different morphologies, located in the terminal ileon and rectum, allowed the diagnosis of this disease, that had no clinical expression. This casual endoscopic diagnosis enabled to change the life expectancy of the patient. We consider that the described endoscopic lesions in rectum are of a particular morphology and can rarely be found in other pathologies. The diffusion of these images could warn other endoscopists of these phenomena.