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1.
J Equine Vet Sci ; 142: 105181, 2024 Sep 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39241897

RESUMO

Feedstuffs, especially ensiled forage, may be detrimental to equid oral health by exposing the oral cavity to low pH. This study aimed to identify if salivary pH was altered by 1) a range of different feedstuffs and (2) specifically by feeding haylages with differing nutrient profiles. Two studies were conducted. The first measured oral pH following five feedstuffs, (hay, haylage, unmolassed sugarbeet pulp, unmolassed alfalfa chaff and rolled oats), tested individually over five days. Saliva (≥1 ml) was collected in triplicate, prior to feeding, directly after ingesting 500 g of each feedstuff, then 15 min and 30 min post-prandially. Oral pH was determined (pH meter) within 10 min of collection. In study two, eight ponies, were fed as their total diet, four different haylages over four 15-day periods. Saliva was collected, prior to feeding and immediately after ingesting 500 g of forage on day 1, day 6, and day 12 of each period. Samples were collected and analysed as per study one. All data were analysed by repeated measures ANOVA, and in study two linear regression was used to attempt to predict nutrients that influenced oral pH. All statistics were conducted in Genstat 20 th Ed. Only feeding unmolassed sugarbeet caused a reduction (p<0.001) in oral pH. There were differences in oral pH depending on the type of haylage fed in study two but at all times oral pH post-feeding was the same or greater than basal pH. These studies suggest any feed associated modulation of oral pH in horses may only be short-lived and quickly buffered by saliva. However, these studies only reflect oral pH within the oral cavity around the feeding occasion and may not reflect gingival pH or the effects of different feeds over longer time periods.

2.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 15170, 2019 10 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31645629

RESUMO

Severe equine asthma (sEA), which closely resembles human asthma, is a debilitating and performance-limiting allergic respiratory disorder which affects 14% of horses in the Northern Hemisphere and is associated with increased allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) against a range of environmental proteins. A comprehensive microarray platform was developed to enable the simultaneous detection of allergen-specific equine IgE in serum against a wide range of putative allergenic proteins. The microarray revealed a plethora of novel pollen, bacteria, mould and arthropod proteins significant in the aetiology of sEA. Moreover, the analyses revealed an association between sEA-affected horses and IgE antibodies specific for proteins derived from latex, which has traditionally been ubiquitous to the horse's environment in the form of riding surfaces and race tracks. Further work is required to establish the involvement of latex proteins in sEA as a potential risk factor. This work demonstrates a novel and rapid approach to sEA diagnosis, providing a platform for tailored management and the development of allergen-specific immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Alérgenos/sangue , Antígenos/sangue , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/veterinária , Cavalos/sangue , Cavalos/imunologia , Testes Sorológicos , Animais , Asma/sangue , Análise Discriminante , Análise dos Mínimos Quadrados
3.
Equine Vet J ; 41(3): 301-3, 2009 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19469240

RESUMO

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Research into kinematics of the healthy equine back, has been performed in the walk and trot. This study focuses on back kinematics during canter, over a range of velocities. Flexion extension (FE) movements in canter are greatest in the lumbosacral (LS) region. Previous research has focused on canter velocity of 7 m/s; therefore quantification of LS kinematics at varying velocities is required to understand LS functions in equine locomotion. HYPOTHESIS: Range of flexion-extension movement through the lumbosacral joint increases with increasing velocity. METHODS: Six Thoroughbred horses (mean age 9.6 years) cantered on treadmill at 4 velocities (6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 8.0 m/s, respectively). Reflective markers were placed over the 5th lumbar vertebra (L5), the lumbosacral junction (LS) and the 3rd sacral vertebra (S3). Lumbosacral angle (LS) was defined as the angle formed between L5, LS and S3. Flexion-extension (FE) range of motion (ROM) was analysed using a 2 camera, 3D motion capture system ProReflex. Linear regression was used to determine strengths of relationships between speed of canter and lumbosacral FE movements. RESULTS: Range of FE ROM seen at the lumbosacral joint increased linearly with speed. FE ROM ranged 6.1 degrees +/- 1.9 at 6 m/s, 6.3 degrees +/- 1.9 at 6.5 m/s, 6.6 degrees +/- 1.9 at 7 m/s and 7.2 degrees +/- 1.9 at 8 m/s. Linear regression showed positive associations between speed and LS FE range of motion (r2 = 0.993; P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Results show linear relationships between LS FE movements and submaximal canter velocities. These results provide information on the LS joint at canter. Understanding the effects of velocity on the back of healthy horses may aid our understanding of the demands placed on this joint in sport horses at this gait.


Assuntos
Marcha/fisiologia , Cavalos/fisiologia , Região Lombossacral/fisiologia , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Teste de Esforço , Movimento , Esforço Físico
4.
Br J Nutr ; 90(1): 109-18, 2003 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12844382

RESUMO

Welsh-cross pony geldings (about 300 kg live weight) were used in a 4x4 Latin square experiment to determine the rate of passage and apparent digestibility of unchopped big-bale grass silage (BBL), chopped big-bale grass silage (BBS), unchopped grass hay (HL) and chopped grass hay (HS) offered at approximately 15 g/kg live weight per d. On day 1 of collection weeks, ponies were fed 85 g ytterbium chloride hexahydrate-marked feed 1.5 h after the morning meal. Total faecal collections commenced 8 h later and continued for 168 h. Apparent digestibilities of feed DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP, Nx6.25), acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) were also determined. Faecal excretion data were subjected to the models of Pond et al. (1988) and digesta mean retention time (MRT) calculated from these models and using the algebraic method of Thielmans et al. (1978). Silage had significantly (P<0.05) higher digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, ADF and NDF than hay; however, chop length had no effect. All the models of Pond et al. (1988) accurately described (R(2)>0.8) the pattern of faecal marker excretion. MRT of BBL (29.0 h)>BBS(27 h)>HS and HL (26 h). Compartmental analysis using the G3 model of Pond et al. (1988) showed BBL and HS diets had longer MRT in the time-dependent compartment, whereas BBS and HL had longer MRT in the time-independent compartment. Results from this experiment indicate that BBL and BBS are readily accepted and digested by ponies. While Yb is a successful external marker for determining total tract MRT and for modelling faecal excretion curves in horses, the results did not allow any definite conclusions to be drawn on digesta MRT within the different compartments of the equid gut.


Assuntos
Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Digestão/fisiologia , Trânsito Gastrointestinal , Cavalos/fisiologia , Modelos Biológicos , Animais , Masculino , Poaceae , Silagem
5.
Br J Nutr ; 88(6): 729-40, 2002 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12493095

RESUMO

An in sacco mobile bag technique was used to determine the rate and extent of disappearance of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp, soyabean hulls, hay cubes and an oat hull-naked oats mixture (67:33, w/w) in the foregut and total digestive tract of ponies. Ponies were administered naso-gastrically polyester mesh bags containing 350 mg feed, in a Latin square design. Bags were collected at the ileo-caecal junction (small intestine bag, SIB) and in the faeces (faecal bag, FB) and their residues analysed for proximate constituents and NSP composition and content. DM disappearances from individual bags were fitted to degradation profiles (Ørskov & McDonald, 1979) and effective degradability values determined. Significant differences (P<0.05) in DM, organic matter and crude protein losses from SIB were noted between feeds with hay cubes and oat hulls-naked oats > sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls. Acid-detergent fibre, neutral-detergent fibre and NSP disappearances were small and varied little between feeds. In contrast, FB losses showed significant (P<0.05) differences for all constituents measured with sugar-beet pulp > soyabean hulls > hay cubes > oat hulls-naked oats. Crude protein losses from sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls in FB were significantly higher (P<0.05) than from SIB. FB degradation curves showed degradation to be affected by bag residence time with sugar-beet pulp > soyabean hulls and the effective degradability showed that significantly more (P<0.05) sugar-beet pulp was lost at 40.0 and 60.0 h than for the other three feeds. These results show that sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls are rapidly degraded by ponies and could be used as alternatives to hay in equid rations. However, the foregut availability of crude protein from sugar-beet pulp is poor, so a readily digestible source of crude protein should be offered to animals with high protein demands when diets are based on sugar-beet pulp.


Assuntos
Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Cavalos/metabolismo , Intestino Delgado/metabolismo , Animais , Avena , Digestão , Desenho de Equipamento/veterinária , Masculino , Poaceae , Glycine max , Verduras
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