Identification of preoperative risk factors for persistent postoperative dysphagia after laparoscopic antireflux surgery.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative dysphagia is common after antireflux surgery and generally runs a self-limiting course. Nevertheless, part of these patients report long-term dysphagia. Inadequate surgical technique is a well documented cause of this result. AIM: This retrospective study evaluated the preoperative risk factors not surgery-related for persistent dysphagia after primary laparoscopic antireflux surgery. METHODS: Patients who underwent laparoscopic antireflux surgery by the modified technique of Nissen were evaluated in the preoperative period retrospectively. Postoperative severity of dysphagia was evaluated prospectively using a stantardized scale. Dysphagia after six weeks were defined as persistent. Statistical tests of association and logistic regression were used to identify risk factors associated with persistent dysphagia. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients underwent primary antireflux surgery by a single surgeon team. Of these, 25 patients had preoperative dysphagia (45,45%). Persistent postoperaive dysphagia was reported by 20 (36,36%). Ten patients (18,18%) required postoperative endoscopic dilatation for dysphagia. There was statistical association between satisfaction with surgery and postoperative dysphagia and requiring the use of antireflux medication after the procedure; and between preoperative dysphagia and postoperative dysphagia. Logistic regression identified significant preopertive dysphagia as risk factor for persistent postoperative dysphagia. No correlations were found with preoperative manometry. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with significant preoperative dysphagia were more likely to report persistent postoperative dysphagia. This study confirms that the current manometric criteria used to define esophageal dysmotility are not reliable to identify patients at risk for post-fundoplication dysphagia. Minucious review of the clinical history about the presence and intensity of preoperative dysphagia is important in the selection of candidates for antireflux surgery.

Identificação de fatores de risco pré-operatórios para disfagia pós-operatória persistente após cirurgia laparoscópica para doença do refluxo gastroesofágico / Identification of preoperative risk factors for persistent postoperative dysphagia after laparoscopic antireflux surgery

RACIONAL: Disfagia no pós-operatório é comum após a operação anti-refluxo. No entanto, uma parte dos pacientes relatam disfagia persistente, e técnica cirúrgica inadequada é uma causa bem documentada deste resultado. OBJETIVO: Este estudo retrospectivo avaliou os fatores de risco no pré-operatório para a disfagia persistente após operação anti-refluxo por via laparoscópica. MÉTODOS: Pacientes submetidos à operação anti-refluxo por via laparoscópica pela técnica de Nissen modificada foram avaliados no pré-operatório de forma retrospectiva. A severidade da disfagia pós-operatória foi avaliada prospectivamente usando uma escala estabelecida. A disfagia após seis semanas foi definida como persistente. Os testes estatísticos de associação e regressão logística foram utilizados para identificar os fatores de risco associados à disfagia persistente. RESULTADOS: Um total de 55 pacientes foram submetidos ao procedimento por via laparoscópica por uma única equipe de cirurgiões. Destes, 25 doentes referiam disfagia pré-operatório (45,45%). A disfagia pós-operatória persistente foi relatada por 20 (36,36%) pacientes. Dez (18,18%) necessitaram de dilatações por endoscopia digestiva. Houve associação estatística entre a satisfação com a operação e disfagia no pós-operatório e exigindo o uso de medicação anti-refluxo após o procedimento, e entre disfagia no pré-operatório e disfagia no pós-operatório. A regressão logística identificou a disfagia no pré-operatório, como fator de risco para a disfagia pós-operatória persistente. Não foram observadas correlações com manometria pré-operatória. CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes com disfagia no pré-operatório foram mais propensos a relatar disfagia pós-operatória persistente. Os critérios manométricos atuais utilizados para definir dismotilidade esofágica não identificaram pacientes com risco de disfagia persistente pós-fundoplicatura. Análise minuciosa da história clínica sobre a presença e intensidade da disfagia no pré-operatório é muito importante na seleção de candidatos à operação anti-refluxo.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative dysphagia is common after antireflux surgery and generally runs a self-limiting course. Nevertheless, part of these patients report long-term dysphagia. Inadequate surgical technique is a well documented cause of this result. AIM: This retrospective study evaluated the preoperative risk factors not surgery-related for persistent dysphagia after primary laparoscopic antireflux surgery. METHODS: Patients who underwent laparoscopic antireflux surgery by the modified technique of Nissen were evaluated in the preoperative period retrospectively. Postoperative severity of dysphagia was evaluated prospectively using a stantardized scale. Dysphagia after six weeks were defined as persistent. Statistical tests of association and logistic regression were used to identify risk factors associated with persistent dysphagia. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients underwent primary antireflux surgery by a single surgeon team. Of these, 25 patients had preoperative dysphagia (45,45%). Persistent postoperaive dysphagia was reported by 20 (36,36%). Ten patients (18,18%) required postoperative endoscopic dilatation for dysphagia. There was statistical association between satisfaction with surgery and postoperative dysphagia and requiring the use of antireflux medication after the procedure; and between preoperative dysphagia and postoperative dysphagia. Logistic regression identified significant preopertive dysphagia as risk factor for persistent postoperative dysphagia. No correlations were found with preoperative manometry. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with significant preoperative dysphagia were more likely to report persistent postoperative dysphagia. This study confirms that the current manometric criteria used to define esophageal dysmotility are not reliable to identify patients at risk for post-fundoplication dysphagia. Minucious review of the clinical history about the presence and intensity of preoperative dysphagia is important in the selection of candidates for antireflux surgery.

Gastric polyps: a retrospective analysis of 26,000 digestive endoscopies.

BACKGROUND: Gastric polyps are small gastric lesions, asymptomatic in most cases and are generally discovered inadvertently during upper digestive endoscopy. AIM: To retrospectively review the characteristics and frequency of gastric polyps, derived from the gastric mucosal epithelium in a large series of endoscopies. METHODS: One hundred and fifty three patients in a series of 26,000 consecutive upper digestive endoscopies done over a 5-year period, being that each patient had only one examination were analyzed and their histological and Yamada classification, as well as their location, size, histopathological findings and treatment studied. All patients had at least one gastric polyp, as confirmed by histological examination. RESULTS: The polyps were classified as hyperplastic, adenomatous and fundic gland polyps. The most of them measure less than 1 cm (hyperplastic polyps - 60,5%; adenomatous polyps - 73,6%; fundic gland polyps - 72%). Hyperplastic polyps were the most frequent and accounted for 71.3% of the cases, whereas fundic gland polyps accounted for 16.3% and adenomatous polyps for 12.4%. Hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps were primarily single, whereas fundic gland polyps tended to be multiple. A carcinoma was detected in one hyperplastic polyp (0.9%) and in two adenomatous polyps (10.5%). High grade dysplastic foci were found in four adenomatous polyps (21%). CONCLUSIONS: The digestive endoscopy is the safest and efficient method for the diagnosis of the gastric polyps, that in most of the patients does not show characteristic symptoms. The histopathological definition is not possible to the endoscopic glance being needed the pathologist's aid, once the conduct to be adopted will depend on the result of the biopsy.

Gastric polyps: a retrospective analysis of 26, 000 digestive endoscopies

BACKGROUND: Gastric polyps are small gastric lesions, asymptomatic in most cases and are generally discovered inadvertently during upper digestive endoscopy. AIM: To retrospectively review the characteristics and frequency of gastric polyps, derived from the gastric mucosal epithelium in a large series of endoscopies. METHODS: One hundred and fifty three patients in a series of 26,000 consecutive upper digestive endoscopies done over a 5-year period, being that each patient had only one examination were analyzed and their histological and Yamada classification, as well as their location, size, histopathological findings and treatment studied. All patients had at least one gastric polyp, as confirmed by histological examination. RESULTS: The polyps were classified as hyperplastic, adenomatous and fundic gland polyps. The most of them measure less than 1 cm (hyperplastic polyps - 60,5 percent; adenomatous polyps - 73,6 percent; fundic gland polyps - 72 percent). Hyperplastic polyps were the most frequent and accounted for 71.3 percent of the cases, whereas fundic gland polyps accounted for 16.3 percent and adenomatous polyps for 12.4 percent. Hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps were primarily single, whereas fundic gland polyps tended to be multiple. A carcinoma was detected in one hyperplastic polyp (0.9 percent) and in two adenomatous polyps (10.5 percent). High grade dysplastic foci were found in four adenomatous polyps (21 percent). CONCLUSIONS: The digestive endoscopy is the safest and efficient method for the diagnosis of the gastric polyps, that in most of the patients does not show characteristic symptoms. The histopathological definition is not possible to the endoscopic glance being needed the pathologist's aid, once the conduct to be adopted will depend on the result of the biopsy.

RACIONAL: Os pólipos gástricos são pequenas lesões gástricas, assintomáticos na maioria dos casos, e são diagnosticados por acaso durante a endoscopia digestiva alta. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar retrospectivamente as características e freqüência dos pólipos gástricos, oriundos da mucosa gástrica em uma casuística extensa de endoscopias digestivas. MÉTODOS: Cento e cinqüenta e três doentes em uma casuística de 26.000 endoscopias digestivas altas realizadas durante 5 anos, sendo que cada doente realizou apenas um exame, foram analisados quanto às características histopatológicas, classificação de Yamada, localização, tamanho e tratamento. Todos os casos tinham pelo menos um pólipo gástrico, confirmado pelo exame histopatológico de biopsia endoscópica. RESULTADOS: Os pólipos foram classificados como hiperplásicos, adenomatosos e de glândulas fúndicas. A maioria deles era menor que 1 cm (pólipos hiperplásicos - 60,5 por cento; pólipos adenomatosos - 73,6 por cento; pólipos de glândulas fúndicas - 72 por cento). Os pólipos hiperplásicos foram os mais freqüentes e diagnosticados em 71,3 por cento dos casos, enquanto os de glândulas fúndicas somaram 16,3 por cento e os adenomatosos foram 12,4 por cento. Os pólipos hiperplásicos e os adenomatosos, na maioria das vezes, foram únicos, enquanto os de glândulas fúndicas tenderam a ser múltiplos. Carcinoma foram detectados em um pólipo hiperplásico (0,9 por cento) e em dois adenomatosos (10,5 por cento). Focos de displasia de alto grau foram encontrados em quatro pólipos adenomatosos (21 por cento). CONCLUSÕES: A endoscopia digestiva é o método mais seguro e eficiente para o diagnóstico dos pólipos gástricos, que na maioria dos doentes não apresenta sintomas característicos. A definição histopatológica não é possível ao olhar endoscópico, necessitando-se do auxílio do patologista, uma vez que do resultado da biopsia dependerá a conduta a ser adotada.

[Esophageal motility studies in cirrhotic patients before and after endoscopic variceal ligation]. / Estudo da motilidade esofágica após ligadura elástica endoscópica das varizes.

BACKGROUND: To study esophageal motility before and after the endoscopic variceal ligation in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with chronic liver disease assisted at the "Gastrocentro - UNICAMP" in the program of endoscopic variceal ligation were studied (mean age of 49.5 years, 19 males and 5 females). The inclusion criteria were chronic liver disease and esophageal varices with high-risk bleeding. Initially upper digestive endoscopy and esophageal manometry were performed in all cases. Next, the sessions of variceal ligation were initiated (average 3.4+/-2.1) in the outpatient clinic, with an interval of 2 to 4 weeks. The esophageal manometry was repeated 4 weeks after variceal eradication and amplitude, duration, propagation speed of the contractile waves and peristalsis were studied. RESULTS: Analysis of the lower sphincter pressure did not show differences before and after variceal ligation. In 10 cases (41.6%) dysmotility was recorded, and the amplitude of the contractile waves rose from 70.7 mmHg (52.3 and 108.4) before variceal ligation to 89.7 mmHg (69.9 and 122.8) after the procedure (p = 0.004 - p < 0.05), and the duration increased from 3.55 seg.+/- 0.58 to 3.90 seg.+/- 0.72 (p = 0.02 - p < 0.05). The wave propagation speed did not differ from the values before the exam of 3.43+/- 0.97 cm/seg, to those after of. 61+/- 0.99 cm/sec (p = 0.15 - p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The final analysis shows alterations of esophageal motility characterized by increase in the amplitude and duration of the contractile waves.

Estudo da motilidade esofágica após ligadura elástica endoscópica das varizes / Esophageal motility studies in cirrhotic patients before and after endoscopic variceal ligation

OBJETIVOS: Estudar a motilidade esofágica de doentes cirróticos antes e após a ligadura elástica endoscópica das varizes. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro portadores de cirrose hepática atendidos no Gastrocentro - UNICAMP, no programa de ligadura elástica para tratamento de varizes, foram estudados (média de idade de 49,5 anos, sendo 19 masculinos e 5 femininos). Os critérios de inclusão foram hepatopatia crônica e varizes esofágicas com alto risco de sangramento. Inicialmente foram realizados endoscopia digestiva alta e manometria esofágica em todos os doentes. A seguir, foram submetidos a sessões de ligadura elástica (o número médio foi de 3,4±2,1), em regime ambulatorial, com intervalo de duas a quatro semanas. A manometria foi repetida quatro semanas após a erradicação das varizes. Os parâmetros estudados foram a amplitude, a duração, a velocidade de propagação das ondas contráteis e o peristaltismo. RESULTADOS: A análise do tônus do EIE não mostrou diferença entre pré e pós-ligadura elástica. Em dez casos (41,6 por cento), ocorreu alteração na motilidade, e a amplitude das ondas de deglutição elevou-se no exame pré de 70,7 mmHg (52,3 e 108,4) para 89,7 mmHg (69,9 e 122,8) no pós (p= 0,004 - p<0,05), e a duração aumentou de 3,55 seg±0,58 no pré para 3,90 seg±0,72 no pós (p=0,02 - p<0,05). A velocidade das ondas não diferiu entre o exame pré 3,43±0,97cm/seg e pós 3,61±0,99 cm/seg (p=0,15 - p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A análise final mostra que ocorreu alteração de motilidade esofágica após ligadura elástica das varizes esofágicas, caracterizada por aumento na amplitude e duração das ondas contráteis.